Chapter 19: Time and Geology

Chapter 19: Time and Geology

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What is Uniformitarianism?What is Uniformitarianism?How Can the Sequence of Past Geological

Events be Determined?How Can the Sequence of Past Geological

Events be Determined?How Can Rock Units be Traced From One Area to Another?How Can Rock Units be Traced From One Area to Another?

How Do We Use Relative Dating toUnderstand Geologic Time?

How Do We Use Relative Dating toUnderstand Geologic Time?

How Can We Determine the Absolute Age of Rocks?How Can We Determine the Absolute Age of Rocks?What is Radiocarbon Dating?What is Radiocarbon Dating?

When Can Isotopic Dating Techniques Be Used?When Can Isotopic Dating Techniques Be Used?How Old is the Earth?How Old is the Earth?



The Minor Canyon Area

Figure 19.1



Area During Deposition of Initial Sediment Layer of Lutgrad Formation

Figure 19.2



Area Before Intrusion of Granite

Figure 19.3



Area Before Layers Were Tilted

Figure 19.4



Area Before Depositionof Larsonton Formation

Figure 19.5



Area at the Time LarsontonFormation Was Being Deposited

Figure 19.6



Area Before Intrusion of Dike

Figure 19.7



Dike Intruded into Larsonton Formation and Pre-existing Overlying Layers

Figure 19.8



Area After Rock Overlying Larsonton Formation Removed by Erosion

Figure 19.9



Sediment Being Deposited that will Become Part of Foster City Formation

Figure 19.10



Same Area Shown in Figure 19.1,Before Valley was Carved into Rock

Figure 19.11

Figure 19.1



Age Relationships Indicated byContact Metamorphism, Inclusionsin Granite, and Pebbles of Granite

Figure 19.12



Disconformity

Figure 19.13



Development of anAngular Unconformity

Figure 19.14



Sequence of Events Implied byNonconformity Underlain by

Metamorphic & Plutonic Rock

Figure 19.15



Colorado Plateau

Figure 19.18



Rock Successions Similar to thisare Found in India, Africa, South

America, Australia, and Antarctica

Figure 19.19



The Use of Fossil Assemblagesfor Determining Relative Ages

Figure 19.20



Radon: A Radioactive Health Hazard

Box 19.3, Figure 1



Three Modes of Radioactive Decay

Figure 19.22



Uranium 238 decays to Lead 206

Figure 19.23



(A) Curve Used to Determine Age of Rock; (B) Candles Burn at a Linear Rate

Figure 19.24a-b



Principles of Radiocarbon Dating

Figure 19.24c



Minor Canyon Area from Fig. 19.1, With Isotopic Dates for Igneous Rocks

Figure 19.25



The Geological Time Scale

Figure 19.26



Geologic Time Representedby CN Tower

Figure 19.27



Answers to SelectedTesting Your Knowledge

Questions

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

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19.

C

B

A

D

A

B

A

E

D

E

D

D

B

A



Additional Resources

Student ResourcesStudent ResourcesStudent Online Learning CentreThe robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more!

Laboratory ManualThe Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use.

Instructor ResourcesInstructor ResourcesInstructor Online Learning CentreThe OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre.

Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives, further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings and resources outside the textbook.

Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter.

Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material.

TransparenciesA set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.

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Chapter 19: Time and Geology