Chapter 2: Basics of Injury Prevention and Crash Dynamics

2-2 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Chapter Objectives

•Describe significance of motor vehicle crash injuries•Explain the CPS and injury prevention connection•Explain the concept of crash forces •Name the types of crashes•Describe five ways that restraints prevent injury•Explain why people will not survive all crashes•Discuss common myths about why people don’t

buckle up

2-3 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Injury Prevention

Our goal is to reduce the risk of injury

“If a disease were killing our children at the rate unintentional injuries are, the public would be outraged and demand that this killer be stopped.”

C. Everett Koop, M.D., Sc.D., former US Surgeon General

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Injury Prevention

•Parents should be a role model: Kids will do what adults do

•Children depend on adults for protection in and around vehicles▪Buckle up▪Drive responsibly

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Fatalities ...

•Are just the tip of the iceberg

•Many more injuries occur than deaths every year

•Some injuries have life-long effects and can be very costly

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What Are the Challenges to Crash Survival?

Restraint use decreases as children get older

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What Are the Challenges to Crash Survival?

1. Nonuse 2. Misuse 3. Outdated or incorrect educational materials4. Changing behavior

2-8 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Activity 1: How Do You Prevent an Injury From Becoming More Serious •There are factors that can be taken into account before, during, and after a crash to minimize or prevent injuries from occurring.

•Examples▪Road conditions—Before the crash▪Seat belt use—During the crash▪EMS Response Time—After the crash

2-9 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Activity 2: Newton’s Law of Motion•An object in motion

continues in motion at the original speed until it connects with an outside force.

•The outside force…▪Can be harmful (e.g., the

steering wheel, windshield, pavement, etc.)

▪Can be designed to protect (e.g., seat belt or CRS) Courtesy Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

Video

2-10 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Three Collisions in a Crash

1st: Vehicle collision 2nd: Human collision 3rd: Internal collision

3rd1st 2nd

2-11 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Explaining Crash Forces

Weight X Speed = Restraining

Force

2-12 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Types of Crashes

•Different types of collisions pose different risks to vehicle occupants

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Frontal Impact

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Side Impact

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Rear Impact

2-16 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Rollovers

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Non-Collisions and Other Events•Non-collisions = spins, skids, swerves, emergency braking

•Common causes of occupant injuries:▪Thrown out of windows or doors▪Collided with other occupants▪Struck vehicle interior

2-18 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

Five Ways Restraints Prevent Injury

1. Keep people in the vehicle2. Contact the strongest parts of the body3. Spread forces over a wide area of the body4. Help the body to slow down5. Protect the brain and spinal cord

2-19 National CPS Certification Training - April 2007 (R1010)

You Can’t Survive Every Crash

•Some crashes are so violent that even properly restrained occupants are injured or killed

•Many factors determine injury outcome (size, weight, and speed)

•Seat belts and air bags or a CR = The Best Chance of Survival

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Common Myths

Discuss myths found in your workbook

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Chapter Review

•How do you calculate crash forces?•What is the most common type of collision?

•What are the 5 ways restraints help prevent or reduce injuries?