Chapter 2 Building Blocks of Cells

Chapter 2 Building Block of Cells

• Link to the Web Site for Carbohydrates, Lips, Proteins and Nucleic Acid

• http://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dcpk9cft_83fttjnbcv

• Cell use Carbohydrates for:– Structural material– Provide quick energy– Storage of energy

Lipids• Greasy or Oily compounds• Do not dissolve in water

– But dissolve in non-polar solvents• Example ether

• Can be used as means of storage for energy– Think about the fat we have on our body

• Two Types– With fatty Acids– Without Fatty Acids

• Fatty acid is long hydrocarbon chain – COOH at one end (See page 29)

• Examples are – glycerides, phospholipids & waxes

Glycerides• We are going to break the three types down• First type glycerides• Body's most abundant lipid • Most abundant source of energy storage

– Show students Figure 2.21 on Page 21• Saturated fats

– Butter & Lard– Solid at room temperature– Single C-C Bond

• Unsaturated – Oils– Liquid at room temperature – One or more double bonds between C=C

Phospholipids

• Second type is phospholipids• Structural component of all cell membranes • Made up of:

– Glycerol backbone– Two fatty acid tails – Hydrophilic head

• What is Hydrophilic?

Waxes

• Help keep hair and skin– Protected, lubricated and pliable

• What is pliable • Help repel water from feathers

Proteins

• Large Organic molecules made up of:– Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen , Nitrogen & *Sulfur

• The form parts of the cell membrane• Help build muscles, bone, huffs and claws • Food that have Proteins include:

– Meat, eggs, fish, nuts, & beans

Protein Structure

• Proteins are made of 20 or more different kinds of amino acids

• Definition of Amino Acid:– Small organic compound that has a amino group,

acid group, hydrogen atom and one or more atoms called the R group

Protein Structure

• The way amino acids combine to form different proteins – A change in one of the combinations changes the

protein • Example:

– If we take and change one letter of the word Mice and change the M to R we have Rice

– This is a new protein

• Even in a change in the order will result a different protein

• Enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

Nucleic Acids • Large organic molecules that are made of

– Carbon oxygen, Hydrogen and Phosphorus • Contain the instructions that carry out all the

functions of life– These instructions are like the computer instructions

that allow us to use the computer for any application• Two types

– Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)• Genetic info that is passed form parent to child • Found in the Chromatin

– Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) plays an important role in proteins

– Found in the cytoplasm

Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic Acids has three parts – Five-carbon sugar – A phosphate group– Nitrogen-containing base

• Double stranded molecule – Twisted helically – Held together by hydrogen bonds

• ATP has three phosphate groups connected – More importantly:

• Adenine is attached to Thymine• Guanine is attached to Cytosine