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Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users3 IT Professionals Profession is a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long intensive academic preparation. US Code of Federal Regulations defines a professional as someone who meets these criteria: –Duties require advanced studies in a recognized field. –One’s instruction, study, or work is original and creative. –Job requires consistent exercise of discretion and judgment. –Job is predominately intellectual and varied in character.
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Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 1
Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users
22ChapterChapter
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 2
Chapter 2 - Objectives 1. Identify the key characteristics that distinguish a
professional from other kinds of workers. 2. Understand various professional relationships and
associated key ethical issues.3. Discuss how codes of ethics, professional
organizations, and certifications and licensing affect the ethical behavior of IT professionals.
4. Identify the key tenets of 4 different codes of ethics that provide guidance for IT professionals.
5. Identify the common ethical issues that face IT users. 6. Discuss approaches for supporting the ethical
practices of IT users.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 3
IT Professionals• Profession is a calling requiring specialized
knowledge and often long intensive academic preparation.
• US Code of Federal Regulations defines a professional as someone who meets these criteria:– Duties require advanced studies in a recognized field. – One’s instruction, study, or work is original and creative.
– Job requires consistent exercise of discretion and
judgment.– Job is predominately intellectual and varied in character.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 4
Information Technology Professionals
• Many workers in the IT industry are considered to be professionals. A partial list includes:– Programmers/Analysts– Software engineers– Database administrators– Network administrators– Chief information officers– IT Architects
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 5
Professional Relationships • IT professionals become involved in
many different types of relationships.– Professional-employer– Professional-client– Professional-supplier– Professional-professional– Professional-IT user– Professional-society
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 6
Stewards of IT Resources• IT professionals must set the
example and enforce the policies that promote ethical use of IT resources.
• Software piracy is the act of illegally making copies of software.
• Trade secret is a piece of information that is generally not known to the public that is held confidential.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 7
Whistle-blowing• Whistle-blowing is an effort by an
employee of a company to attract the attention of others to a negligent, illegal, unethical, abusive, or dangerous act by the company that threatens the public interest.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 8
IT Professional-Employer• The relationship between a
professional and an employer requires ongoing efforts by both parties to keep it strong.
• Professionals and employers discuss many job aspects before employment begins.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 9
IT Professional-Client• In this relationship, the
professional and client each agree to provide something of value to each other.
• The IT professional usually provides a hardware or software product and the client provides compensation.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 10
IT Professional-Supplier • IT professionals may have many
different relationships with many software, hardware, and service providers.
• The IT professional must be on guard to keep the relationships honest and business related.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 11
IT Professional-Professional• Professionals feel a degree of
loyalty to other members in the profession.
• Professionals help support each other publicly.
• Professionals owe one another an adherence to the profession’s code of conduct.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 12
IT Professional-IT User• An IT user is a person for whom the
hardware or software is designed. • Professionals have a duty to
understand the needs and capabilities of users.
• Professionals have a responsibility to deliver their product or service on time and within budget.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 13
IT Professional-Society• IT professionals develop and
support systems that interact with the world around them.
• The public expects that the members of the IT profession will practice the profession in a way that will not bring harm to society.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 14
Codes of Ethics• A professional code of ethics
states the principles and core values essential to the work of a particular occupational group.
• Code of ethics has two main parts:1.Aspirations of the organization2.Rules and/or principles for the
members
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 15
Benefits of a Code of Ethics• Improves ethical decision-
making.• Promotes high standards of
practice and ethical behavior. • Enhances trust and respect from
the general public.• Provides an evaluation
benchmark.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 16
Codes of Ethics and Professional Conduct • Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM)• Association of Information
Technology Professionals (AITP)• Computer Society of the Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE-CS)
• Canadian Information Processing Society – CIPS – www.cips.ca
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 17
Certification & Licensing• Certification is a process administered
by a profession or organization that one undertakes voluntarily to prove competency in a set of skills.
• Licensing is a process generally administered by the province that professionals must undertake to prove that they can practice their profession in a way that is ethical and safe to the public.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 18
Issues Associated with Licensing IT Professionals
• No universally accepted core body of knowledge.
• It is unclear who should manage the content and administration of licensing exams.
• No body to do accreditation of professional education programs.
• No body to assess and assure competence of individual professionals.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 19
Current IT Certifications• Institute for Certification of
Computing Professionals (ICCP)• Associate Computing Professional
(ACP)• Certified Computing Professional
(CCP)• American Society for Quality Control
(ASQC) • Information Systems Professional (ISP)
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 20
Legal Overview • Negligence is the omission to do
something which a reasonable person would do, or something which a prudent and reasonable person would not do.
• Duty of care refers to the obligation that we not cause any unreasonable harm to others.
• Professional malpractice is when a professional breaches duty of care - commonly referred to as liability.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 21
IT Users • Common IT users ethical issues:
– Software piracy.– Inappropriate use of
computing resources.– Inappropriate sharing of
information.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 22
Supporting Ethical Practices of IT Users
• Define and limit the appropriate use of IT resources.
• Establish guidelines for the use of company software.
• Structure information systems to protect data and information.
• Install and maintain a corporate firewall.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 23
Summary • A professional is someone:
– who requires advanced training and experience.
– who exercises discretion and judgment during work.
– whose work cannot be standardized. • IT professionals have many
different relationships that have different ethical issues.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 24
Summary • A professional code of ethics
states the principles and core values essential to the work of a particular occupational group.
• Licensing and certification of IT professionals would increase the reliability and effectiveness of information systems.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 25
Summary • IT users encounter many ethical
issues, including: – Software piracy.– Inappropriate use of IT resources.– Inappropriate sharing of private and
secret data. • An IT usage policy helps users
understand how to appropriately use IT resources.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 26
Case 1 Online Brokers
Experience Problems • The office of Compliance
Inspections and Examinations of the Securities and Exchange Commission released a report calling for brokerage and security dealers to evaluate their online trading programs.
Chapter 2 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users 27
Case 2General Policy on the Use of IT
• An overview of the IT usage policy at the University of Cincinnati– Guiding principles– Applicable laws and regulations – Resource limits– Privacy– Access– Security – Plagiarism and copyright – Enforcement