Chapter 2

Government in New France

Hierarchy of New France

▪ New France was a hierarchal society. A hierarchal society is a society in which there are distinct levels of status or authority.

▪ In New France. There are TWO hierarchies.

A civil hierarchy and a religious hierarchy

▪ A civil hierarchy is the hierarchy of the general citizen, rather than a specific group.

▪ A viceroy is a person who oversees a colony on behalf of the monarch

The Civil Hierarchy in New France

King

Viceroy

Minister of the Navy

Governor of New France

Sovereign Council

Intendant

Governors of Montreal, Quebec and Trois Rivieres

Intendant’s representatives in Montreal, Quebec and Trois-Rivieres

Captain of the Militia

Citizens

The Hierarchy of New France

▪ What gives people a high or low status today? – Money, fame, or family name are the most common status

decision makers today

▪ What sorts of roles do our governments play today?– Governments today maintain law and order, peace and security,

run social services like education, health etc

▪ How do citizens maintain control over their governments?– In a democracy, citizens vote for their representatives in

government

Hierarchy of New France

▪ Make a T Chart in your notes like this. Make sure that you leave enough room to copy notes into your T chart. Yours will be bigger than mine.

▪ As we read H27-H29 together, you should be taking notes to fill in the T chart.

▪ You have 20 minutes. It must be completed for tomorrow’s history class.

Contributions of Count Frontenac

Contributions of Jean Talon

Hierarchy of New France

Was New France governed by effective officials?

Some officials were dedicated, others were only interested in personal gain

Why did New France eventually fall to the English?

The king did not want to spend too much money on it’s development. This made it vulnerable to it’s enemies.

Church organization in New France

In 1659, Francois de Laval arrived in New France. The pope (the head of the Roman Catholic church) had given Laval the task of organizing the church’s work there.

He was appointed Bishop of Quebec.

In 1663, Laval set up the Seminary of Quebec

The seminary was a school to train men for the priesthood

Laval’s major goal was to create a diocese.

A diocese is an area which all churches within it are overseen by a particular bishop ( Like the school board oversees the schools).

Church organization of New France

Find and copy the definitions for clergy, bishop, diocese, lay organization in your notebook. (hint- see page 31-32)

Then, answer the following questions:

1) Questions 1, 2 and 3 on page 32.

2) Question 1 on page 33

3) Create a venn diagram, comparing education in New France to education in Canada.

This is homework for tomorrow!

Citizens of New France

The quiz on Chapter 2 will be held on April 1st ( two weeks away). Make sure you study all notes about Chapter 2.

Locate and copy the definitions of:

Censusindentured servant

Open your history books to pg h34.

What do you notice about the map on pg h34?

What does the circle graph on pg h35 tell us?

Is there anything that stands out from the table on page h35?

Citizens of New France

Use page h36-h37 to fill out information about all four groups of people /14 marks

Answer question #1 ( /2) and #3 ( /2) on page h37

This is due tomorrow so use your time wisely now.

Citizens of New France

Please take out your homework from yesterday.

1) What did the census of 1666 show about the percentages of males and females in New France? How do you think this male/ female breakdown of the population would have affected life in New France at the time?

The 1666 census showed that males outnumbered females by 63.3% to 36.7% (almost 2 to 1). This meant that there was a shortage of young women and many young men found it difficult to find wives. It also slowed the rate of population growth /2

Citizens of New France

In your own words explain the meaning of the term hierarchy. What factors do you think people might have considered when deciding who was at the top and the bottom?

A hierarchy is when people in a society or organization are not regarded

as equal in importance. Different levels enjoy different privileges and

rewards. Normally, people with little education or wealth are regarded

as being at the bottom of the hierarchy. As people acquire more

education and wealth they gain more power. These factors place them

higher in the hierarchy. /2

Citizens of New France

Please open your text to page H38 and we will read through to page

H41.

After reading, you will copy out a summary of the information

(found on the next page.)

The Economy of New France

Triangular Trade– economic system where a colony can only trade with the parent country or with other colonies from the same country

Mercantilism– colonies would supply France with inexpensive raw materials, and buy manufactured goods from France in return (very lucrative for France)

Industry– the production of goods – New France’s two main industries were fishing(fished off shore for cod, mackerel, and halibut, preserved it on shore and sent it to France on a ship) and the fur trade

Economy– the management of the money, property, and goods of a country(New France’s economy depended on the fishing industry and the fur trade)

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When you are done, answer questions 1 and 2 on page H41

Economy of New France

In your own words, explain what Champlain reported about the

conditions he saw in New France in 1618.

▪ He reported that it was possible to raise vegetables of high quality in New France.  He contributed the quality of the vegetables not to the skill of the workers, but to the natural excellence of the soil

Economy of New France

2)   Create an organized web chart to show types of goods that:

i. France’s colonies exported to it, 

ii. France exported to its colonies, and

iii. the colonies traded with one another.

Economy of New France

Economy of New France

1) Who do you think benefited most from this and why?

France tended to benefit from this.  It got a monopoly on producing

 manufactured goods.  The colonies could produce only raw materials, many

 of which France could not produce itself (such as furs and sugar).

2) Why did New France not really make France as rich as Champlain had hoped it might?

New France had a harsh climate and a small seller population (only 28 000

people in 1717, compared with 446 000 in New England.) The growing

season in New France was quite short and the winters were severe. As a

result, New France developed more slowly than Champlain had hoped

Chapter 2 quiz: April 1st

I will not give a review for chapter 2. This is it:

You are to study all notes on:

Hierarchy of New France Church organization in New FranceCitizens of New FranceEconomy of New France

Including all homework and in class activities.

Make a study sheet and compare with peers to make sure you have all important information.