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Concepts
• Data
• Database
• Application program
• Information
• Knowledge
• Knowledge workers
• Data workers
• Legacy system
Classifications
• By organizational structure
• By functional area
• By support provided
• By activity supported
• By system architecture
By Organization Structure
• Department information systems– LAN
• Enterprise information systems– Intranet
• Interorganizational systems– Extranet
By Functional Area
• Accounting information system
• Finance information system
• Manufacturing information system
• Marketing information system
• Human resources management information system
By Support Provided
• Transaction processing system (TPS)• Management information system (MIS)• Office automation system (OAS)• Decision support system (DSS)
– Executive information or support system (EIS)– Group support system (GSS)
• Intelligent support system– Expert system (ES)– Artificial neural network (ANN)
• E-Commerce
E-Commerce
• Electronic store front
• Electronic advertisement media
• Electronic catalog
• Electronic bulletin board
• Electronic information source
• Electronic transaction method
• Electronic entertainment center
By Activity Supported
• Operational systems– Routine operations– TPS, MIS, & simple DDS
• Managerial systems or tactical systems– Routine decisions– Short-term planning, organizing, & control– MIS for summaries, exception reports, periodic
and ad hoc reports, comparative analysis, projections, connection
By Activity Supported
• Strategic Systems– Long-range planning– Strategic response systems– Innovative strategic systems
By System Architecture
• Mainframe-based
• Standalone personal computer
• Distributed or networked computing
Information Infrastructure
• Physical facilities, services, & management to support information needs in an organization
• Components– Hardware– Software– Network– Database– Procedure– People
Information Architecture
• High-level map or plan of the information requirements in an organization
• Types– Mainframe– PC– Distributed– Client/server
End-user Issues
• User development– How much?– Power/control/misuse
• Work environment– Ergonomics
• Humanization– Human factor
IT Department Issues
• Centralized or decentralized
• Interconnectivity
• Alignment of IT dept. goals with organization
• IT organization level
• Exponential growth of technology
IT Department Issues
• IT leveraging
• Technology scouting– Technology transfer– Scouting technology future– Predicting trends– Mapping technology to organization– Demonstrating how it could be used– Implementing sold technology
Company IT Issues
• Strategic role of IT– Top-down planning
• Computer crime/ security
• Reengineering with IT
• Business value of IT– Productivity
• Change management
• Flexibility for future
Chief Information Officer
• VP for IT services
• Understands business & technology
• Looks to future– Technology transfer
• Creates & sells IT vision
• Implements IT infrastructure
Discussion Questions
• What are the different types of IS in your organization?
• Do you think that your organization need extra IS? Name it.
• What are the responsibilities of the chief information officer in your organization if you have one?