CHAPTER 2 Student Copy

8/3/2019 CHAPTER 2 Student Copy

1/22

CHAPTER 2BODY COORDINATION


2/22

Receptors which are connected to _________.Receive and response to internal stimuli.

Also known as _______________-.Found in muscle,_________, ligament and

joints.

PROPRIOCEPTORS


3/22

Importance of proprioceptors

To maintain the body balance andcoordination without looking at.

Examples:-i) Walking on ropesii) Buttoning shirt

iii) ______________


4/22

D ifferent voluntary and involuntaryVoluntary Actions Involuntary Actions

Under __________ controlled.Learning is required.

automatic. No learning isrequired.

The same stimulus may leadto ______ response dependingon different situation

The same stimulus always produce the ______ response.

Controlled by_______ Controlled by _______ or

spinal cordCan be quick / slowdown Cannot be controlled

Writing,________, dancing Heartbeat,________, growing


5/22

HUM AN BRAIN __________-Control voluntary and

sensory function- The BIGGEST part of the

brain

__________-controlled involuntary

action such as heartbeat

- smallest part

___________-control and

coordinate bodybalance


6/22

BrainOuter layer: grey matter consist of________Inner layer: white matter consist of_______

Protected by________If damaged/injured may caused paralysis,

Meningtis

-protect brain by using helmet , eat balance dietfor example vitamin B complex


7/22

H ormonal / Chemical Coordination

H ormone :- chemical secreted by endocrinegland in small quantities

Endocrine :- does not have ductSecret hormone directly to the targeted organ

by bloodstream


8/22


9/22

Pituitary gland

M aster glandGrowth hormone :- FS H (follicle secreting

hormone), LH

(luteinising hormone)


10/22

Thyroid gland

H ormone: thyroxine

Work together withiodine

Control metabolic rate to develop mental andphysical development


11/22

Adrenal gland

H ormone: adrenaline

Prepare body for action :-a) Speed up heartbeat andbreathinga) Raise blood pressureb) Allow more glucose to go to blood to give

energy


12/22

Pancreas

H ormone:- insulin and glucagon

Insulin:- decrease blood glucose levelfrom glucose to glycogen

-glucagon:- increase blood glucose levelfrom glycogen to glucose


13/22

Testis

H ormone: testosterone

D evelopment of male secondarysex characteristic such as deeper voiceand more body hair


14/22

Ovary

H ormone:- a) oestrogenb)progesterone

a) oestrogen- development of female secondarysex characteristic such as breast, soft skin

and feminine voiceb) progesterone- maintaining the menstrual

cycle and involve in pregnancy


15/22

Effect of hormonal imbalance onhealth


16/22

Growth hormone (G H )

Too little:- dwarfismToo many:- gigantism and agromegaly


17/22

Thyroxine

Too little: cretinism in childrenToo many: goitre


18/22

Insulin

Too little: diabetes mellitusToo many: hypoglycaemia


19/22

Testosterone

Too little:- sexual organ and characteristic notwell develop

Too many:- sexual characteristic over develop


20/22

Progesterone

Too little:- abortion of embryoToo many:- failure for giving birth at right time


21/22

Oestrogen

Too little: sexual organ and characteristic notwell develop

Too many: sexual characteristic over develop


22/22

Adrenaline

Too little:- weaker muscleToo many:- high blood pressure, high glucose

level in blood

Documents

CHAPTER 2 Student Copy