What caused the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s?

Urbanization (farmers)

Immigrants

African Americans Migrate North

Name Population

1 London, United Kingdom 6,480,000

2 New York, United States 4,242,000

3 Paris, France 3,330,000

4 Berlin, Germany 2,707,000

5 Chicago, United States 1,717,000

6 Vienna, Austria 1,698,000

7 Tokyo, Japan 1,497,000

8 St. Petersburg, Russia 1,439,000

9 Manchester, United Kingdom 1,435,000

10 Philadelphia, United States 1,418,000

10 Most Populated Cities in the World: 1900

Where did the different classes of people live in cities?

Poor: tenement slums, center of the cityMiddle Class: homes in cleaner neighborhoods, away from “downtown”

Wealthy: mansions in exclusive neighborhoods with gates, or walls

Pattern of Settlement In Cities:

Factories, Businesses, Poor Tenement Slum

(downtown)

Middle Class Homes

Some Small Business

Wealthy Class Homes

Wealthy Class Homes

Buffalo 1901

Amherst/UB

“Kaisertown” (German)

“Polonia” (Polish)

“West Side” (Italian)

Problems in the cities:

Unsafe tenement buildings

Garbage removal problem

Factory pollution

Rapid increase in crime

Reform Movements By 1880s reformers were forcing city governments to:

Pass building codes

Hire sanitation workers

Pass zoning laws

Set up police & fire departments

Jane Addams & Hull House By late 1800s people began to form Settlement Houses (community centers that offered:

Education in American culture & History

English Language Classes

Health care instruction

Recreation Activities For the Young (sports, singing, theater…)

Social Gospel Movement Based on supplying Christian values & ethics to address problems in society:•Led by Protestant ministers

•Child labor reform/laws

•Conditions in slums/poverty

•Alcohol abuse

•Rising crime rate

•Bad hygiene, medical care

Jacob Riis Photographs

Jacob Riis Photographshttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAriis.htm

http://www.atschool.org/materials/primary/riis.htm

Updated 12/8/10

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA01/Davis/photography/images/riisphotos/slideshow1.html

•Documented conditions in cities.

•Wrote the book How the Other Half Lives, illustrated with his photos.