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Chapter 20- Cold War & Postwar Challenges
Chapter 20 Review
Terms & People• countries with both military powers and
political influence– superpowers
• U.S. promise of anticommunism support-– Truman Doctrine
• tactic used to overcome a Soviet blockade-– Berlin Air Lift
• military alliance of Soviet allies-– Warsaw Pact
vs.
Terms & People• Khrushchev’s policy of undoing his
predecessor’s more ruthless policies– de-Stalinization
• the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines– heavy industry
• first space satellite– Sputnik I
• Yugoslav leader who resisted Stalin’s control– Tito
Terms & People• nation in which the government provides
services and a minimum living standard to all– welfare state
• the actual purchasing power of income– real wages
• title of German head of state– chancellor
• group of nations with a common purpose– bloc
• The city of ________, which was located deep inside the Soviet zone of a postwar divided Germany, was itself divided into four zones.
Berlin
• To stop the _______________________, the United States adopted a policy toward the Soviet Union of containment.
spread of communism
• The Truman Doctrine was formulated, initially, as a response to the 1946 withdrawal of British aid to __________. Greece
• The _______________ was designed to restore the economic stability of European nations after World War II.
Marshall Plan
• The ____________________________ , founded in 1949, was the Soviet Union’s response to the Marshall Plan.
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
• U.S. fears about the spread of communism were increased when ____________ became a Communist nation in 1949.
China
• The “Bay of Pigs” refers to a U.S. attempt to overthrow the _____________ government.
Cuban
• The ___________________ was built in order to prevent East Germans from defecting to West Germany.
Berlin Wall
• Even after Stalin’s death in 1953, the _____________________ made it clear that it would NOT allow Eastern European satellites to become independent of control.
Soviet Union
• In response to Nagy’s declaration of Hungarian independence, Khrushchev reacted by attacking ___________________Budapest
• Which Communist nation remained independent of Soviet control? – Yugoslavia
• The “Prague Spring” of Alexander Dubcek was forestalled in 1968 when the______________ army invaded Czechoslovakia
Soviet
• French president ________________ attempted to return France to the status of a world power by investing heavily in nuclear weapons.
Charles de Gaulle
• Which nation declined economically after World War II? – Great Britain
• The U.S. senator responsible for the anti-Communist movement known as the “Red Scare” was ________________________Joseph McCarthy
• Increases in workers’ wages, increased credit, and built-up demand for postwar goods led to the creation of what some people have called the _________________consumer society
• Postwar birthrates rose in the late 1940s and 1950s, creating a ______________________baby boom
• _________________of the late 1960s were reactions against the Vietnam War, university policies and administrations, & alienation of the individual from society
Student protests