Chapter 20Skin Diseases and Disorders

Pages 530-545

Chapter Outline

• Aging of the Skin• Disorders of the Skin• Avoiding Skin Problems

Learning Objectives

• Describe the aging process and the factors that influence aging of the skin.

• Define important terms relating to skin disorders.• Discuss which skin disorders may be handled in the

salon, and which should be referred to a physician.

Aging of Skin

• Aging of the skin is a process that takes many years and can be influenced by various factors.

• These factors include: • Sun• Environment• Health Habits• General Lifestyle

The Sun and Aging

• UV ultraviolet rays have the greatest impact on how skin ages.

• 80-85% of aging is caused by the rays of the sun.

• There are two types of UV rays : UVB and UVA

UV Rays

• UVA – “Aging Rays” are deep penetrating rays that can even go through a glass window.

• UVB – “Burning Rays” these rays cause sunburns and tanning of the skin by affecting melanin.

Recommendations for Sun Exposure

• Wear sunscreen or moisturizer daily. (SPF 15)• Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun between

10am and 3pm.• Apply sunscreen 30 min prior to sun exposure.• Wear a hat.

Aging and Lifestyle

• What we choose to put into our bodies can greatly influence skin aging.

• Smoking• Drinking• Drug Abuse• Poor Diet

Disorders of the Skin

• Lesions of the skin – We have primary and secondary lesions.

• A lesion is a mark on the skin, this could indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

Primary Lesions

• Bulla – Large blister• Cyst – Abnormal Sac; contains fluid• Macule - Freckle• Papule – Pimple / Pustule – Inflamed pimple• Tubercle – Round solid abnormal lump• Tumor – Abnormal cell mass• Vesicle – Poison Ivy /Oak• Wheal – Insect bites/Hives

Secondary Lesions

• Crust – Dead cells that form over a wound, while healing.• Excoriation – Skin sore or abrasion, by scratching or

scraping.• Fissure – Crack in the skin, hands or lips.• Keloid – A thick scar, excessive growth• Scale – normal or excessive dandruff, dry or oily.• Scar or Cicatrix – Slightly raised mark• Ulcer – Open lesion

Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

• Comedo ( Comedones) • Milia• Acne• Seborrheic Dermatitis• Asteatosis• Rosacea• Steatoma

Disorders of the Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

• Anhidrosis – Deficiency in perspiration.• Bromhidrosis – Foul smelling perspiration.• Miliaria Rubra – Prickly heat, acute inflammatory,

characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles, caused by exposure of excessive heat.

Inflammation of the Skin

• Dermatitis• Eczema• Herpes Simplex• Psoriasis

Pigmentations of the Skin

• Albinism• Chloasma• Lentigines• Leukoderma• Nevus• Stain • Tan • Vitiligo

Hypertrophies of the Skin

• Keratoma• Mole• Skin Tag• Verruca

Skin Cancer

• Basal Cell Carcinoma• Squamous Cell Carcinoma• Malignant Melanoma

Avoiding Skin Challanges

Dermatitis – Medical term for abnormal skin inflammation.

Dermatitis Venenata – Contact Dermatitis; caused by touching certain substances to the skin. Also if you are allergic to certain products.

Prolonged or Repeated Contact• Allergic reactions are

caused by prolonged or repeated direct skin contact.

• Sensitization is greatly increased or exaggerated sensitivity to products.

• Protect Yourself !!!!• Keep your area and tools

clean and sanitized.

• Acrylic liquid• Hair color• Chemical Texture

Solutions

What are the Factors that contribute to the aging of the skin?

Determine with your partner, the effect of overexposure to the sun on the skin?

What is a skin lesion?

Name and describe with your partner 5 disorders of the oil glands?