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Chapter 202 NOTESChapter 202 NOTESpages 599-605pages 599-605
Genetics- The Study Genetics- The Study of Inheritanceof Inheritance
HeredityHeredity The way traits are passed to you The way traits are passed to you
from your parentsfrom your parents Traits are physical Traits are physical
characteristicscharacteristics 1048715 1048715 Eye Color 1048715 Hair Color Eye Color 1048715 Hair Color 1048715 1048715 Height 1048715 WeightHeight 1048715 Weight 1048715 1048715 Body Structure Body Structure 1048715 1048715 Facial Features Facial Features 1048715 1048715 Skin ColorSkin Color
GeneticsGenetics Genetics= the study of how traits are
passed form parent to offspring
A GENE is a section on DNA on a chromosome that has the trait information
GenesGenes
Humans have thousands of Humans have thousands of different genes arranged on 23 different genes arranged on 23 pairs of chromosomespairs of chromosomes
bull Genes control all of the traits of organismsmdashGenes control all of the traits of organismsmdasheven traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size even traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size and shape of your stomach and your blood typeand shape of your stomach and your blood type
Genes provide all of the information needed for Genes provide all of the information needed for growth and lifegrowth and life
What determines traits
One pair of chromosomes can contain genes that control many different traits Each gene on one chromosome
of the pair has a similar gene on the other chromosome of the pair
Each gene of a gene pair is called an allele (uh LEEL)
The genes that make up a gene pair might or might not contain the same information about a trait
If a pair of chromosomes contains different alleles for a trait that trait is called a hybrid
When a trait has two identical alleles itrsquos called pure
Dominant and Recessive
Capital letters are called Dominant alleles
When these alleles are present they take over or show They are the ldquostrongerrdquo alleles
Lower case letter are recessive alleles and are the ldquoweakerrdquo of the alleles
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
HeredityHeredity The way traits are passed to you The way traits are passed to you
from your parentsfrom your parents Traits are physical Traits are physical
characteristicscharacteristics 1048715 1048715 Eye Color 1048715 Hair Color Eye Color 1048715 Hair Color 1048715 1048715 Height 1048715 WeightHeight 1048715 Weight 1048715 1048715 Body Structure Body Structure 1048715 1048715 Facial Features Facial Features 1048715 1048715 Skin ColorSkin Color
GeneticsGenetics Genetics= the study of how traits are
passed form parent to offspring
A GENE is a section on DNA on a chromosome that has the trait information
GenesGenes
Humans have thousands of Humans have thousands of different genes arranged on 23 different genes arranged on 23 pairs of chromosomespairs of chromosomes
bull Genes control all of the traits of organismsmdashGenes control all of the traits of organismsmdasheven traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size even traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size and shape of your stomach and your blood typeand shape of your stomach and your blood type
Genes provide all of the information needed for Genes provide all of the information needed for growth and lifegrowth and life
What determines traits
One pair of chromosomes can contain genes that control many different traits Each gene on one chromosome
of the pair has a similar gene on the other chromosome of the pair
Each gene of a gene pair is called an allele (uh LEEL)
The genes that make up a gene pair might or might not contain the same information about a trait
If a pair of chromosomes contains different alleles for a trait that trait is called a hybrid
When a trait has two identical alleles itrsquos called pure
Dominant and Recessive
Capital letters are called Dominant alleles
When these alleles are present they take over or show They are the ldquostrongerrdquo alleles
Lower case letter are recessive alleles and are the ldquoweakerrdquo of the alleles
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
GeneticsGenetics Genetics= the study of how traits are
passed form parent to offspring
A GENE is a section on DNA on a chromosome that has the trait information
GenesGenes
Humans have thousands of Humans have thousands of different genes arranged on 23 different genes arranged on 23 pairs of chromosomespairs of chromosomes
bull Genes control all of the traits of organismsmdashGenes control all of the traits of organismsmdasheven traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size even traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size and shape of your stomach and your blood typeand shape of your stomach and your blood type
Genes provide all of the information needed for Genes provide all of the information needed for growth and lifegrowth and life
What determines traits
One pair of chromosomes can contain genes that control many different traits Each gene on one chromosome
of the pair has a similar gene on the other chromosome of the pair
Each gene of a gene pair is called an allele (uh LEEL)
The genes that make up a gene pair might or might not contain the same information about a trait
If a pair of chromosomes contains different alleles for a trait that trait is called a hybrid
When a trait has two identical alleles itrsquos called pure
Dominant and Recessive
Capital letters are called Dominant alleles
When these alleles are present they take over or show They are the ldquostrongerrdquo alleles
Lower case letter are recessive alleles and are the ldquoweakerrdquo of the alleles
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
GenesGenes
Humans have thousands of Humans have thousands of different genes arranged on 23 different genes arranged on 23 pairs of chromosomespairs of chromosomes
bull Genes control all of the traits of organismsmdashGenes control all of the traits of organismsmdasheven traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size even traits that canrsquot be seen such as the size and shape of your stomach and your blood typeand shape of your stomach and your blood type
Genes provide all of the information needed for Genes provide all of the information needed for growth and lifegrowth and life
What determines traits
One pair of chromosomes can contain genes that control many different traits Each gene on one chromosome
of the pair has a similar gene on the other chromosome of the pair
Each gene of a gene pair is called an allele (uh LEEL)
The genes that make up a gene pair might or might not contain the same information about a trait
If a pair of chromosomes contains different alleles for a trait that trait is called a hybrid
When a trait has two identical alleles itrsquos called pure
Dominant and Recessive
Capital letters are called Dominant alleles
When these alleles are present they take over or show They are the ldquostrongerrdquo alleles
Lower case letter are recessive alleles and are the ldquoweakerrdquo of the alleles
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
What determines traits
One pair of chromosomes can contain genes that control many different traits Each gene on one chromosome
of the pair has a similar gene on the other chromosome of the pair
Each gene of a gene pair is called an allele (uh LEEL)
The genes that make up a gene pair might or might not contain the same information about a trait
If a pair of chromosomes contains different alleles for a trait that trait is called a hybrid
When a trait has two identical alleles itrsquos called pure
Dominant and Recessive
Capital letters are called Dominant alleles
When these alleles are present they take over or show They are the ldquostrongerrdquo alleles
Lower case letter are recessive alleles and are the ldquoweakerrdquo of the alleles
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
The genes that make up a gene pair might or might not contain the same information about a trait
If a pair of chromosomes contains different alleles for a trait that trait is called a hybrid
When a trait has two identical alleles itrsquos called pure
Dominant and Recessive
Capital letters are called Dominant alleles
When these alleles are present they take over or show They are the ldquostrongerrdquo alleles
Lower case letter are recessive alleles and are the ldquoweakerrdquo of the alleles
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
Dominant and Recessive
Capital letters are called Dominant alleles
When these alleles are present they take over or show They are the ldquostrongerrdquo alleles
Lower case letter are recessive alleles and are the ldquoweakerrdquo of the alleles
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
Dominant AllelesDominant Alleles Dominance means that one allele covers
over or masks another allele of the trait
Purple is the dominant flower color in pea plants
For instance if a pea plant has one purple-flower allele and one white-flower allele or two purple-flower alleles its flowers will be purple
The dominant allele (purple) is seen when the trait is hybrid (Dr) or dominant pure (DD)
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
Recessive AllelesRecessive Alleles
bull Recessive alleles are seen only Recessive alleles are seen only when a trait is recessive pure when a trait is recessive pure (rr)(rr)
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
Passing Traits to Offspring
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
VariationVariation
Variation- different ways a Variation- different ways a trait appearstrait appears
Several gene pairs control Several gene pairs control some traitssome traits
EX- heighthellipit varies in EX- heighthellipit varies in familiesfamilies
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
MutationsMutations A change in a geneA change in a gene
Can happen because an error during Can happen because an error during meiosis or mitosismeiosis or mitosis
or because of something in the or because of something in the environmentenvironment
Whether a mutation is beneficial Whether a mutation is beneficial harmful or neutral all mutations add harmful or neutral all mutations add variation to the genes of a speciesvariation to the genes of a species
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
BeneficialBeneficial mutation example mutation example resistance to AIDS or to heart resistance to AIDS or to heart disease disease
NeutralNeutral mutation example 4 leaf mutation example 4 leaf cloverclover
HarmfulHarmful mutation example a mutation example a deformed footdeformed foot
Beneficial Neutral or Harmful
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Sometimes a mutation produces a Sometimes a mutation produces a different version of a trait that different version of a trait that many people find attractivemany people find attractive
To continue this trait selective To continue this trait selective breeding is practicedbreeding is practiced
Examples 1 Breeding fast Examples 1 Breeding fast racehorsesracehorses
2 breeding cattle based on milk 2 breeding cattle based on milk productionproduction
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
HomeworkHomework
Page 605Page 605
