Chapter 21Chapter 21

The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement

(1950-1968)(1950-1968)

Section 1- Demands for Section 1- Demands for Civil RightsCivil Rights

Jackie Robinson- 1947 first African Jackie Robinson- 1947 first African American to play MLBAmerican to play MLB

NAACPNAACP Brown v. Board of EducationBrown v. Board of Education 1954 1954 ““separate but equal” was separate but equal” was

unconstitutional in public educationunconstitutional in public education ““I am sworn to uphold the I am sworn to uphold the

constitutional process in this country…I constitutional process in this country…I will obey”will obey”

Pg. 699-700Pg. 699-700

Deep South angeredDeep South angered ““Southern Manifesto”Southern Manifesto”

Pg. 700Pg. 700

Montgomery Bus BoycottMontgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks, 1955Rosa Parks, 1955 Montgomery Bus BoycottMontgomery Bus Boycott “…“…tired of being segregated and tired of being segregated and

humiliated… We have no alternative humiliated… We have no alternative but to protest”but to protest”

1956, Supreme Court ruled bus 1956, Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutionalsegregation unconstitutional

Pg. 701-702Pg. 701-702

Resistance in Little RockResistance in Little Rock

IntegrationIntegration Little Rock NineLittle Rock Nine Arkansas National GuardArkansas National Guard Eisenhower sent soldiers to protect Eisenhower sent soldiers to protect

the studentsthe students

Pg. 702-703Pg. 702-703

Section 2- Leaders and Section 2- Leaders and StrategyStrategy

NAACP, 1909NAACP, 1909 National Urban League, 1911- National Urban League, 1911-

helped them move and find jobshelped them move and find jobs CORE, 1942- Congress of Racial CORE, 1942- Congress of Racial

Equality, peaceful confrontationEquality, peaceful confrontation

Pg. 705Pg. 705

Philosophy of Philosophy of NonviolenceNonviolence

SCLC- 1957, Southern Christian SCLC- 1957, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, nonviolent Leadership Conference, nonviolent protestsprotests

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in He won the Nobel Peace Prize in

19641964

Pg. 706-707Pg. 706-707

A New Voice for StudentsA New Voice for Students

SNCC, 1960- Student Nonviolent SNCC, 1960- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Ella Baker Coordinating Committee, Ella Baker and Robert Mosesand Robert Moses

Gave young activists a chance to make Gave young activists a chance to make decisions about priorities and tactics, decisions about priorities and tactics, also wanted immediate changealso wanted immediate change

““The younger generation is challenging The younger generation is challenging you and me…follow our dedication to you and me…follow our dedication to the truth to the bitter end” Bakerthe truth to the bitter end” Baker

Pg. 707-708Pg. 707-708

Section 3- The Struggle Section 3- The Struggle IntensifiesIntensifies

1943, CORE created the sit-in to 1943, CORE created the sit-in to desegregate the Jack Spratt Coffee desegregate the Jack Spratt Coffee House in ChicagoHouse in Chicago

Worked well, businesses didn’t want to Worked well, businesses didn’t want to lose business or have a disruptionlose business or have a disruption

““badge of honor”badge of honor”

Pg. 709-710Pg. 709-710

The Freedom RidesThe Freedom Rides

1961, CORE, testing to make sure 1961, CORE, testing to make sure southern states were upholding their southern states were upholding their rights to ride busesrights to ride buses

Met much violence but they Met much violence but they continuedcontinued

““If we let them stop us with violence, If we let them stop us with violence, the movement is dead!” Diane Nashthe movement is dead!” Diane Nash

Pg. 711-712Pg. 711-712

More ProblemsMore Problems

James Meredith- “Ole Miss” incidentJames Meredith- “Ole Miss” incident King jailed in Birmingham, ALKing jailed in Birmingham, AL Birmingham March 1963Birmingham March 1963 Water hoses and dogs usedWater hoses and dogs used

Pg. 713-714Pg. 713-714

Section 4- The Political Section 4- The Political ResponseResponse

Medgar Evers NAACPMedgar Evers NAACP March on Washington 1963 200,000 March on Washington 1963 200,000

marched for “Jobs and Freedom”, “I marched for “Jobs and Freedom”, “I Have a Dream” speechHave a Dream” speech

Pg. 717Pg. 717

Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964

Kennedy assassinatedKennedy assassinated Lyndon JohnsonLyndon Johnson Civil Rights Act of 1964- banned different Civil Rights Act of 1964- banned different

voter registration, prohibited voter registration, prohibited discrimination in public accommodations, discrimination in public accommodations, banned discrimination by employers and banned discrimination by employers and created the Equal Employment created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOCOpportunity Commission, EEOC

Pg. 718-719Pg. 718-719

Fighting for the VoteFighting for the Vote

Selma March 1965Selma March 1965 Voting Rights Act of 1965- Voting Rights Act of 1965-

eliminated literacy testseliminated literacy tests 2424thth Amendment- outlawed poll tax Amendment- outlawed poll tax Now more black Americans could Now more black Americans could

vote and could be voted to officevote and could be voted to office

Pg. 721Pg. 721

Section 5- Movement Takes Section 5- Movement Takes a New Turna New Turn

Malcolm XMalcolm X Joined Nation of IslamJoined Nation of Islam Opposed integrationOpposed integration Black Nationalism- separate identity and Black Nationalism- separate identity and

racial unity of African Americansracial unity of African Americans Eventually disagreed with his old Eventually disagreed with his old

feelings, worked with others but was feelings, worked with others but was killed, 1965killed, 1965

Pg. 723Pg. 723

The Black Power The Black Power MovementMovement

Stokley CarmichaelStokley Carmichael Black Power, “What we gonna start saying Black Power, “What we gonna start saying

now is ‘Black Power’”now is ‘Black Power’” Black Panthers, 1966, Bobby Seale and Black Panthers, 1966, Bobby Seale and

Huey NewtonHuey Newton Violent encountersViolent encounters Caused a split in Civil RightsCaused a split in Civil Rights Tommie Smith, John Carlos, Tommie Smith, John Carlos, Peter NormanPeter NormanPg. 724Pg. 724

Tragedy in 1968Tragedy in 1968

MLK is assassinatedMLK is assassinated Riots eruptRiots erupt Robert Kennedy assassinatedRobert Kennedy assassinated He wanted to stop the war and focus He wanted to stop the war and focus

on civil rightson civil rights He reached out to many AmericansHe reached out to many Americans

Pg. 726Pg. 726