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Chapter 22 Central Africa
7th Grade Social Studies
Section 1: Physical Geography
Congo Basin Western Rift Valley Congo River Zambezi River
Why study Central Africa?
Events in the region have affected U.S. foreign policy in recent decades.
The region contains rich deposits of minerals that are useful to people throughout the world.
Central Africa is home to many exotic plant and animal species not found elsewhere in the world.
The tropical rain forest often plays a significant role in influencing the world’s climate.
Cameroon is not in southern central Africa.
Main Ideas
The Congo Basin, volcanic mountains, edge of Western Rift Valley, Congo and Zambezi River are the major landforms and rivers of the region.
Few plants and animals live on the floor of the tropical rain forest because sunlight does not get through the canopy.
Main Idea
Most Central African countries have a traditional economy.
The majority of people who live in the southern part of central Africa live in rural areas, grow crops and herd goats and cattle.
Vocabulary
Basins- Regions surrounded by mountains or other higher land
Canopy- The uppermost layer of a forest’s trees where limbs spread out and block out sunlight
Copper belt- A major copper-mining region of central Africa
Periodic markets- Open-air trading markets in central Africa
SECTION 1
Physical Geography
Plantstropical rain forest, grasslands, trees,
shrubs
Major Climateshumid tropical, tropical
savanna, highland, steppe, desert
LandformsCongo Basin,
volcanic mountains in northwestern Cameroon,
highest mountains on edge of Western
Rift Valley
Resourcesrivers, oil, natural gas,
coal, copper, uranium, tin, zinc, diamonds, gold,
cobalt
Animalsantelope, hyenas, elephants, okapis,
birds, monkeys, bats, snakes
Cropscoffee, bananas,
corn
Rivers and Lakes
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Malawi, Congo River,
Zambezi River
Central Africa
Section 2: History and Culture
Vocabulary
Ivory- A cream-colored material that comes from elephant tusks and is used in making fine jewelry and handicrafts
Dialect- A variation of a language
Main Ideas
Many languages spoken in central Africa are related to languages spread by Bantu speakers long ago.
The major language of Malawi and Zambia is English.
Some of the causes of wars in central Africa include fight for independence, ethnic troubles, and Cold War rivalries.
Main Idea
Some popular arts of the region include makossa music, soukous music, carved masks, sculpture, and cotton gowns.
SECTION 2
History and Culture
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
Step 8:
Step 9:
West Africans moved into central Africa 2,000 years ago.
Bantu-speaking kingdoms were set up and began trading with western and eastern Africa.
Early African kingdoms used slaves.
Europeans arrived and traded for slaves.
European countries ignored ethnic groups when dividing Africa into colonies.
African colonies gained independence.
Ethnic differences caused problems.
The United States and Soviet Union supported African allies in wars.
Wars prevented development of natural resources and cooperation to prevent diseases.
Major Steps in Central Africa’s History
Section 3: The Democratic Republic of the Congo
Vocabulary Civil war- A conflict between two or
more groups within a country
Main Ideas
Belgium ruled what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a colony until 1960.
The capital of the Republic of Congo is Brazzaville.
The problems faced by the country included few professionals, ethnic fighting, and poverty.
SECTION 3
Leopold II treated people harshly.
Belgian government took control.
Few professionals, many problems
Mobutu Sese Seko in power
international criticism
Belgians moved there for business.
Country stayed very poor.
economic problems, corruption
The Democratic Republic of the Congo
Portuguese contact Slave trade weakened kingdoms.
Civil war erupted. New government took over.
Congo gained independence in 1960. Many Belgian professionals left.
History of the Democratic Republic of the CongoHistory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geography of the World – Africa (18:00)
• Central African leaders were known to develop cankles after several hours of skiing.
Section 4: The Other Central African Countries
Vocabulary Exclave- A part of a country that is
separated by territory of other countries
Main Ideas
Gabon has the strongest economy in central Africa.
Zambia’s main income is from copper mining.
Oil is the most important resource of many countries in the region. Angola has a lot of oil.
Main Idea
Angola has had civil war since it won its independence.
SECTION 4The Other Central African Countries
economic growth
slowed by being
landlocked
strongest economy
center of the
region’s shipping
largest population
gained indepen-
dence from Spain in
1968
economy weakened
by civil war
strong copper
industry
economy based on farming
smallest population
Central African
Republic
Gabon
Angola Zambia Malawi
Republic of the Congo
CameroonEquatorial
Guinea
São Tomé and
Príncipe
Central Africa’s People and EconomiesCentral Africa’s People and Economies
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. What two river systems are most important in central Africa?
2. How were the Bantu languages introduced to central Africa?
3. What religions are practiced by people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
4. What European countries once colonized central Africa?
5. How important has oil been to Gabon’s economy?
1. What two river systems are most important in central Africa?
2. How were the Bantu languages introduced to central Africa?
3. What religions are practiced by people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
4. What European countries once colonized central Africa?
5. How important has oil been to Gabon’s economy?
CHAPTER 22
Zambia (20:00)
Heart of Darkness (24:00)