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Chapter 22 Review
The Precambrian Earth
thei
r rel
ativ
e den
sitie
s
thei
r ord
er o
f for
mat
ion
thei
r rel
ativ
e ag
es
thei
r tem
perat
ures
0% 0%0%0%
What information about Earth’s materials can be inferred by their
arrangement in layers, as shown here?
1. their relative densities
2. their order of formation
3. their relative ages
4. their temperatures
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which point on this time line should be labeled “Formation of Earth?”
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
0% 0%0%0%
Which line best represents the level of oxygen gas in the atmosphere during the
Proterozoic?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which graph correctly represents the relationship of the Precambrian to the
total age of Earth?1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
0% 0%0%0%
What discovery would weaken the primordial soup hypothesis of the origin of life?
1. Lightning was common on early Earth.
2. Earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, water, and trace gases.
3. Earth’s early oceans were warm and shallow.
4. Asteroid impacts were uncommon when life is presumed to have begun.
0% 0%0%0%
A scientist can assume that this life form did not exist during
the Precambrian because________.
1. it is unicellular
2. it contains a nucleus
3. it contains RNA and DNA
4. it has a cell membrane
lack
of a
mouth
, anus,
...
shap
es th
at a
re d
issi
...
stru
cture
s th
at w
ere
...
lack
of n
uclei
0% 0%0%0%
What characteristic of Ediacaran biota leads scientists to think that these organisms do
NOT represent relatives of present day animals?
1. lack of a mouth, anus, or gut
2. shapes that are dissimilar to all living organisms
3. structures that were used for movement
4. lack of nuclei
0% 0%0%0%
Which summarizes the relationship between density of an element and its distribution in Earth?
1. The greater an element’s density, the greater the amount of it found in the crust.
2. The denser an element is, the smaller the amount of it in Earth’s core.
3. The lower an element’s density, the smaller the amount of it found in the crust.
4. The greater an element’s density, the smaller the amount of it found in the crust.
0% 0%0%0%
Which diagram best represents the relationship of the landmass of Archean cratons to the total landmass of Earth?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
0% 0%0%0%
Which best summarizes the change in number and size of microcontinents
during the Proterozoic?
1. the number of microcontinents increased and the size increased
2. the number of microcontinents increased and the size decreased
3. the number of microcontinents decreased and the size increased
4. the number of microcontinents decreased and the size decreased
fluorit
e
mic
a
zirc
on
quar
tz
0% 0%0%0%
The oldest known mineral on Earth is ____.
1. fluorite
2. mica
3. zircon
4. quartz
pro
kary
ote
euka
ryote
bry
ozoan
anim
al
0% 0%0%0%
An organism composed of a single cell that does not contain a nucleus and is the
simplest kind of cell is a(n) ____.
1. prokaryote
2. eukaryote
3. bryozoan
4. animal
oxi
datio
n
gla
ciat
ion
diff
eren
tiatio
n
outg
assi
ng
0% 0%0%0%
The process by which volcanoes vent water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
and other substances is called ____.
1. oxidation
2. glaciation
3. differentiation
4. outgassing
oxi
datio
n
diff
eren
tiatio
n
photo
synt
hesi
s
gla
ciat
ion
0% 0%0%0%
Cyanobacteria use the process of ____ to produce energy, and oxygen is given
off as a waste product.
1. oxidation
2. differentiation
3. photosynthesis
4. glaciation
Am
ino a
cids
RNA m
olecu
les
DNA m
olecu
les
Dis
solv
ed m
iner
als
0% 0%0%0%
____ have been found in the waters of hydrothermal vents, suggesting that proteins
and nucleic acids could have formed there during the Archean.
1. Amino acids
2. RNA molecules
3. DNA molecules
4. Dissolved minerals
ast
eroi
d
ban
ded ir
on form
atio
n
Can
adia
n sh
ield
Lau
rentia
met
eorit
e
Pre
cam
brian
shie
ld
red
bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Ancient continent that contained core of modern-day North America
1. asteroid
2. banded iron formation
3. Canadian shield
4. Laurentia
5. meteorite
6. Precambrian shield
7. red bed
ast
eroi
d
ban
ded ir
on fo...
Can
adia
n sh
iel..
.
Lau
rentia
met
eorit
e
Pre
cam
brian
sh...
red
bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Continental core of Archean and Proterozoic rock
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
ast
eroi
d
ban
ded ir
on fo...
Can
adia
n sh
iel..
.
Lau
rentia
met
eorit
e
Pre
cam
brian
sh...
red
bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Deposit consisting of alternating bands of chert and iron oxide
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
ast
eroi
d
ban
ded ir
on fo...
Can
adia
n sh
iel..
.
Lau
rentia
met
eorit
e
Pre
cam
brian
sh...
red
bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Metallic or silica-rich objects that orbit the Sun between the orbits of Mars and
JupiterA. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
ast
eroi
d
ban
ded ir
on fo...
Can
adia
n sh
iel..
.
Lau
rentia
met
eorit
e
Pre
cam
brian
sh...
red
bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Meteor that has fallen to Earth
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
ast
eroi
d
ban
ded ir
on fo...
Can
adia
n sh
iel..
.
Lau
rentia
met
eorit
e
Pre
cam
brian
sh...
red
bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
The Precambrian shield in North America
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
ast
eroi
d
ban
ded ir
on fo...
Can
adia
n sh
iel..
.
Lau
rentia
met
eorit
e
Pre
cam
brian
sh...
red
bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Sedimentary rocks younger than 1.8 billion years that are colored by the iron
oxides in themA. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Tiny, threadlike photosynthetic organisms
1. amino acids
2. cyanobacteria
3. Ediacaran fauna
4. hydrothermal vent
5. stromatolite
6. Varangian glaciation
7. zircon
am
ino a
cids
cya
nobact
eria
Edia
cara
n fauna
hyd
roth
erm
al v
ent
stro
mat
olite
Var
angia
n gla
ciat
ion
zirc
on
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Mat or mound composed of billions of cyanobacteria
1. amino acids
2. cyanobacteria
3. Ediacaran fauna
4. hydrothermal vent
5. stromatolite
6. Varangian glaciation
7. zircon
am
ino a
cids
cya
nobact
eria
Edia
cara
n fauna
hyd
roth
erm
al v
ent
stro
mat
olite
Var
angia
n gla
ciat
ion
zirc
on
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Stable mineral that commonly occurs in granite
• amino acids
• cyanobacteria
• Ediacaran fauna
• hydrothermal vent
• stromatolite
• Varangian glaciation
• zircon
am
ino a
cids
cya
nobact
eria
Edia
cara
n faun...
hyd
roth
erm
al v
...
stro
mat
olite
Var
angia
n gla
c...
zirc
on
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Glacial event that occurred between 700 and 800 million years ago
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
am
ino a
cids
cya
nobact
eria
Edia
cara
n faun...
hyd
roth
erm
al v
...
stro
mat
olite
Var
angia
n gla
c...
zirc
on
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Hot water vent at volcanic seafloor rift
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
am
ino a
cids
cya
nobact
eria
Edia
cara
n faun...
hyd
roth
erm
al v
...
stro
mat
olite
Var
angia
n gla
c...
zirc
on
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Fossils of soft-bodied Proterozoic organisms
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
am
ino a
cids
cya
nobact
eria
Edia
cara
n faun...
hyd
roth
erm
al v
...
stro
mat
olite
Var
angia
n gla
c...
zirc
on
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
Building blocks of proteins
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
The amount of radioactive isotopes contributing heat to Earth is greater now
than it was when Earth was newly formed.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
The movement of the continents was one of the three sources of Earth’s
heat when Earth was newly formed.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Earth’s oceans and atmosphere formed after life on Earth was
established.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Eukaryotes appeared later in Earth’s history than prokaryotes.
A. True
B. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
The process of plate tectonics, the movement of Earth’s plates, started
at the end of the Precambrian.
1.True
2.False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
The average temperature on Earth has changed through the
course of Earth’s history.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Cyanobacteria are classified as prokaryotes.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Accumulation of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere resulted in
greater amounts of UV radiation reaching Earth.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
The presence of iron oxide in rocks, formed during a specific time period, can be used as evidence of oxygen in
the atmosphere during that time period.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Volcanic eruptions add great amounts of oxygen gas to the
atmosphere.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Asteroids orbit the Sun between the orbit of Mars and
Jupiter.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Granite, which is composed of feldspar, quartz, and mica—
high-density minerals—is common at Earth’s surface.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Earth’s first granitic crust likely formed from slabs of
crust that were recycled into the mantle at subduction zones.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
The oldest rock samples collected from the Moon are approximately
4.6 million years old.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Early in the Proterozoic, microcontinents began to collide as a result of plate
tectonics.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Earth’s early atmosphere likely contained large concentrations of
water vapor, and oxygen and nitrogen gases vented from
volcanoes.
1. True
2. False
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
Early life, mainly the Ediacaran fauna, modified the atmosphere by generating large amounts of the gas
that eventually formed the ozone layer.
1. True
2. False
