CHAPTER 22CHAPTER 22SECTION 3SECTION 3

THE NORTHEASTTHE NORTHEAST

BLEND OF CULTURESBLEND OF CULTURES EARLY EARLY

CIVILIZATIONS CIVILIZATIONS LOCATED IN THE LOCATED IN THE FERTILE FERTILE CRESCENTCRESCENT

THE LAND HERE THE LAND HERE WAS ONCE WAS ONCE

CALLED CALLED MESOPOTAMIAMESOPOTAMIA

WHAT TWO WHAT TWO RIVERS RIVERS

FLOWED FLOWED THROUGH THE THROUGH THE

FERTILE FERTILE CRESCENT?CRESCENT?

TECHNOLOGY ADVANCESTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES THE ANCIENT THE ANCIENT CULTURES OF THE CULTURES OF THE

HITTITES HITTITES AND AND PERSIANSPERSIANS

BROUGHT THE USE BROUGHT THE USE OF IRON WEAPONS, OF IRON WEAPONS,

ADVANCED ADVANCED FARMING, CODES FARMING, CODES

OF LAWS, AND OF LAWS, AND GOVERNMENTAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

VARIETY OF CULTURESVARIETY OF CULTURES

LANGUAGES SPOKEN HERE INCLUDE LANGUAGES SPOKEN HERE INCLUDE TURKISH TURKISH AND AND FARSIFARSI, AS WELL AS , AS WELL AS ARABICARABIC

THE THE KURDSKURDS ARE AN ETHNIC MINORITY IN ARE AN ETHNIC MINORITY IN TURKEYTURKEY AND AND NORTHERN IRAQNORTHERN IRAQ WHO HAVE WHO HAVE FACED PERSECUTIONFACED PERSECUTION

TWO BRANCHED OF ISLAM:TWO BRANCHED OF ISLAM: SUNNI (83%) TURKEY, IRAQ, AFGHANISTANSUNNI (83%) TURKEY, IRAQ, AFGHANISTAN SHI’ITE (17%) MOST IRANIANSSHI’ITE (17%) MOST IRANIANS

STRUGGLES OVER LANDSTRUGGLES OVER LAND

THE KURDS HAVEBEEN PREVENTED FROM FORMING A

HOMELAND

REFUGEES FROMWARS IN IRAQ AND

AFGHANISTANHAVE SETTLED IN

IRAN

CIVIL WARS IN AFGHANISTAN, STRICT GOVERNMENT CONTROLS INIRAN, AND FIGHTING IN IRAQ HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE REFUGEEPOPULATION. SOME REFUGEES HAVE LIVED IN CAMPS FOR OVER 20

YEARS.

HERE ARE SOME HERE ARE SOME PHOTOGRAPHS OF LIFE IN PHOTOGRAPHS OF LIFE IN REFUGEE CAMPS IN IRAQ, REFUGEE CAMPS IN IRAQ, IRAN, AND AFGHANISTANIRAN, AND AFGHANISTAN

A CAMP IN AFGHANISTAN

NEAR KABUL ON A WINDY DAY

FAMILIES HAVE LITTLE PRIVACY

MANY OF THEM ARRIVE WITH ONLY WHAT THEY COULD CARRY

THE CAMPS OFTEN HAVE LITTLE CLEAN WATER AND POOR SANITATION

AND THE CHILDREN HAVE NO PLACE TO PLAY OR GO TO SCHOOL

OIL FIELDSOIL FIELDS

CONFLICTS OVER OILINCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

EARLY 1900sBRITISH-RUSSIAN CLASH OVER

CONTROL OF IRAN

IRAN-IRAQ WAR 1980-1990

PERSIAN GULF WAR 1990-91

ECONOMIC PROGRESSECONOMIC PROGRESS

WHAT ECONOMIC CHALLENGES DO WHAT ECONOMIC CHALLENGES DO THESE COUNTRIES FACE?THESE COUNTRIES FACE?LIMITED FARMLANDLIMITED FARMLANDHISTORY OF WAR, CONFLICT, REFUGEESHISTORY OF WAR, CONFLICT, REFUGEESDISRUPTED OIL PRODUCTIONDISRUPTED OIL PRODUCTIONPOOR INFRASTRUCTUREPOOR INFRASTRUCTURESUBSTANDARD EDUCATION SYSTEMSSUBSTANDARD EDUCATION SYSTEMS

SUCCESS STORIESSUCCESS STORIES

TURKEY TURKEY HAS DEVELOPED HAS DEVELOPED HYDROELECTRIC SOURCES AND HAS HYDROELECTRIC SOURCES AND HAS APPLIED FOR ADMISSION INTO THE APPLIED FOR ADMISSION INTO THE

EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN UNION IRAQIRAQ HAS HELD FREE ELECTIONS HAS HELD FREE ELECTIONS

FOR THE PAST 2 YEARSFOR THE PAST 2 YEARS IRANIRAN HAS MADE STEPS TOWARD HAS MADE STEPS TOWARD

ECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC GROWTH

Watch this video for information Watch this video for information about the Taliban in Afghanistanabout the Taliban in Afghanistan

MODERN LIFEMODERN LIFESEVERE RESTRICTIONS OF THE SEVERE RESTRICTIONS OF THE

TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTANTALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN HAVE HAVE CHANGED LIFE THERECHANGED LIFE THERE

WHAT RULES DID THE TALIBAN WHAT RULES DID THE TALIBAN IMPOSE?IMPOSE?NO RADIO, TV, MUSICNO RADIO, TV, MUSICBURQA WORN BY WOMENBURQA WORN BY WOMENALL MEN HAVE TO HAVE BEARDSALL MEN HAVE TO HAVE BEARDSNO SCHOOL FOR GIRLSNO SCHOOL FOR GIRLS