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Chapter 23 Landscape

Ecology(and Lake succession and wetland

types)

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Landscape mosaic

A quilt-work of different habitats

PatchesDistinct communitiesmaking up themosaic

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EdgeWhere two different landscapes meetField bordering a forestCan be caused by soil differences, fire, grazing,farming, etc

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EcotoneBlending of two different ecosystemsTrees and grasses meeting and overlappingCopy the drawing

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Edge EffectTypically more biodiversity around edgesbecause of varied plant communitiesExample: Ruffed Grouse Needs a variety of plant

cover for its food, nesting and courting behavior

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CorridorsStrips of vegetation thatconnect one patch with

anotherFunction as travel lanesfor organisms

Usually created byhumans

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Shade tolerant - sugar maple, beech, oak, hickory

Shade intolerant trees Cherry, Birch, aspen

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Progression of a lake into a field This does not typically occur in deep

water lakes

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Starts with the cattails, rushes and othersurface vegetation growing around theshore.

These die and fallinto the water withother organic matter

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Organic mattercontinues to buildup and more

species begincrowding the lakeedge

Oxygen levels drop(b/c of decomposition)and fish speciesdecrease

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Lake finally turns intoa marsh, swamp or bog

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MarshFrequently flood

More open water and deeper than a swamp

Dominant species are grasses, reeds, shrubs,etcFresh, salt or brackish

water

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SwampTypically have large amountsof woody vegetationShallowFresh or salt water

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BogFill mostly with precipitationPoor soils and a lot of sphagnum moss(acidic) Low decomposition Accumulate peat (dead organic matter)