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Chapter 23Chapter 23Solid and Hazardous WastesSolid and Hazardous Wastes
Types of Solid WasteTypes of Solid Waste Municipal solid Municipal solid
waste (MSW)waste (MSW) Relatively small portion Relatively small portion
of waste producedof waste produced Non-municipal solid Non-municipal solid
wastewaste from industry, from industry,
agriculture, and miningagriculture, and mining makes up a much larger makes up a much larger
% than MSW% than MSW
Municipal Solid Municipal Solid WasteWaste
Disposal of Solid WasteDisposal of Solid Waste
3 methods3 methods Sanitary LandfillsSanitary Landfills IncinerationIncineration RecyclingRecycling compostingcomposting
Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill
Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill
ProblemsProblems Methane gas Methane gas Contamination of surface & ground Contamination of surface & ground
waterwater Not a long-term remedyNot a long-term remedy Few new facilities being openedFew new facilities being opened Closing a full landfill is very expensiveClosing a full landfill is very expensive
Special Problem: PlasticSpecial Problem: Plastic
Special Problem: Special Problem: TiresTires cannot be recycledcannot be recycled Can be incinerated Can be incinerated
or shreddedor shredded
Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill
300 million tires are scrapped or dumped per year!
IncinerationIncineration
ProsPros Volume of solid waste reduced by 90%Volume of solid waste reduced by 90% Produces heat that can make steam to Produces heat that can make steam to
generate electricitygenerate electricity Produce less carbon emissions than fossil fuel Produce less carbon emissions than fossil fuel
power plantspower plants
ConsCons ByproductByproduct
ashash
Waste PreventionWaste Prevention
Three Goals: (The 3 R’s)Three Goals: (The 3 R’s) (1) REDUCE the amount of waste(1) REDUCE the amount of waste (2) Reuse products (2) Reuse products (3) Recycle materials(3) Recycle materials
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=landfill+harmonic&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=346C911E0F99614E8DC8346C911E0F99614E8DC8
CompostingComposting
Reduces yard waste in landfillsReduces yard waste in landfills Can be sold or distributed to Can be sold or distributed to
communitycommunity Issues- ____________Issues- ____________
Reducing WasteReducing Waste
Purchase products with less Purchase products with less packagingpackaging
Reusing ProductsReusing Products
Refilling glass bottlesRefilling glass bottles
Recycling MaterialsRecycling Materials
Every ton of recycled paper saves:Every ton of recycled paper saves: 17 trees17 trees 7000 gallons of water7000 gallons of water 4100 kwatt-hrs of energy4100 kwatt-hrs of energy 3 cubic yards of landfill space3 cubic yards of landfill space
RecycleRecycle Glass bottles, newspapers, steel cans, Glass bottles, newspapers, steel cans,
plastic bottles, cardboard, office paperplastic bottles, cardboard, office paper
RecyclingRecycling
Paper-62%Paper-62% Glass-31%Glass-31% Aluminum-51%Aluminum-51% Recycling Recycling
Plastic-14%Plastic-14% Less expensive Less expensive
to make from to make from raw materialsraw materials
Tires-Tires-
Making new can/bottle from recycled one costs far less than making a brand new one
Integrated Waste Integrated Waste ManagementManagement
Love Canal Toxic Love Canal Toxic Waste SiteWaste Site
Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste Any discarded chemical that Any discarded chemical that
threatens human health or the threatens human health or the environmentenvironment Reactive, corrosive, explosive or toxic Reactive, corrosive, explosive or toxic
chemicalschemicals
Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste
Case-In-Point Hanford Case-In-Point Hanford Nuclear ReservationNuclear Reservation
Management of Hazardous Management of Hazardous WasteWaste
Superfund National Priorities ListSuperfund National Priorities List 2009: 1,264 sites on the list2009: 1,264 sites on the list States w/ the greatest # of sitesStates w/ the greatest # of sites
New Jersey (114)New Jersey (114) California (94)California (94) Pennsylvania (94)Pennsylvania (94) New York (85)New York (85) Michigan (65)Michigan (65)
We have Superfund sights in Maywood, Torrance….
http://www.epa.gov/SoCal/superfund/sfund-map.html
Management of Hazardous Management of Hazardous WasteWaste Biological Treatment of Hazardous Biological Treatment of Hazardous
ChemicalsChemicals BioremediationBioremediation - -
Time consumingTime consuming PhytoremediationPhytoremediation – –
Management of Hazardous Management of Hazardous WasteWaste (1) Source reduction(1) Source reduction
(2) Conversion to less hazardous (2) Conversion to less hazardous materialsmaterials
(3) Long-term storage(3) Long-term storage