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Chapter 24 THE NEW ERA
The Conflicting Zeitgeist of the Twenties
Extreme, reactionary conservatism2. Unprecedented economic and social change
Causes of conservative reaction:*turmoil of Progressive Era*Disillusionment of Wilsonian idealism*Accelerated change in 20s
Black Sox Scandal
Say it aint so, Joe
Manifestation of Conservative Reaction:*Red Scare Palmer raids*Anti-unionism*Nativism, Racism, Klan*Partnership of Business & Gov
Change:Economic Change: 2nd Industrial revolutionSocial Change: New National Culture-Auto
Resulting Change in Social Values:*Consumption Ethic*Revolution of Manners & Morals
The New Era:
America becomes an urban, middle class, consumer-oriented society
The Economy
2nd Industrial Revolution
Production up 60%
Without increase in workforce
Economic boom result of:
Condition of European industry
Technology and industrial expansion
AutoSteelGlassRubberOil/GasToolsHousesRoadsStoresInsurance
Welfare Capitalism
Attempt to avoid labor problems
Shorter week
Higher wages
Paid vacation
Most bosses dont follow Fords lead
Some try Company Union
Unskilled worker wages up 2% from 1920-26
Ave. income: $1500
Min. for decent living: $1800
Women in Labor force
Pink Collar:
Low paying service jobs
African-Americans
Kept out of professions and skilled labor
Forced into menial jobs
Farmers
*1/4 income of nonfarmer*3 million leave agriculture*Some lose farm to banks
Farmers want
Parity-guaranteed fair price
Want gov. to buy surplus at parity & sell to Europe
Consumerism
By the 1920s there are many Americans that can afford more than subsistence items
Middle class buying new appliances, watches, fashion and especially. . .
Advertising
Ads no longer simply conveyed information, but identify the products with glamour and convince people the purchase of these products would be a fulfilling experiences
Advertising given a boost by the increase in national publications
The Lost Generation& American Literature
Gertrude Stein by Pablo Piccasso
One of the centers of an artistic colony
Stein wrote what is referred to as abstract literature
A rose is a rose is a rose
Ernest Hemingway
Sun Also RisesFarewell to ArmsOld Man and the SeaFor Whom the Bell Tolls
Writes clear, clean prose w/o excess
Iceberg Principle or Theory of Omission
Do not tell everything
Allow reader to determine for self
William Faulkner
Yoknapatawpha Cycle
Stories of the American South and human destiny
Sound & Fury-seen through eyes of a man with mental illness
Scott and Zelda
Great GatsbyThis Side of ParadiseTender is the Night
Names the Jazz Age
Sinclair Lewis
BabbitMain StreetElmer Gantry
All stories set in Midwest
Critique and satire of the Middleclass1st American Nobel for Lit.
H. L. Mencken
Eugene ONeill
Anna ChristieDesire Under the ElmsLong Days Journey into NightThe Iceman ComethEmperor JonesLong Voyage HomeMourning Becomes ElectraMoon for the Misbegotten
T. S. Eliot
Thomas Wolfe
Charles and Mary Beard
Harlem Renaissance
Langston Hughes
Prohibition
18th Amendment and Volstead Act go into effect January 1, 1920
Only 1500 Federal agents to enforce it
Purple Gang
Alphonse Capone
Arthur FlegenheimerDutch Schultz
Lucky Luciano
Louis Lepke Buchhalter
Albert AnastasiaLord High Executioner
Flaming Youth
Cotton Club
Mob run
White customers
Black entertainers
Satchmo
Louis Armstrong
AGE OF CELEBRITY
Charlie Chaplin
Mary PickfordAmericas Sweetheart
Douglas Fairbanks
Rudolph Valentino
Clara Bow
The It Girl
The first talkie1927
1928Steamboat Willie
Jack Dempsey
Bobby Jones
Red GrangeThe Galloping Ghost
George Herman RuthThe BabeThe Sultan of SwatThe Bambino
Lindbergh lands in Paris
Takes off from New York at 7:52 am on May 20, 1927
3,610 miles
33 / hours
12
1920 KDKA in Pittsburg is the first radio station
By 1923 there are over 500 stations
1927 the first national radio network
ational roadcast ompanyNBC
Rise of Nativism
1921 new law quota system
Immigration from a country not to exceed 3% of 1910
National Origins Act 1924
2% based on 1890 census
Banned all immigration from East Asia
Rise of the New Klan
Not just about hating African-Americans anymore
Also hate Catholics, Jews, Immigrants
See themselves as guardians of societys traditional values*racial purity*gender roles
Want compulsory school Bible reading and no divorce
Fundamentalism
American Protestants divided
Modernists: Middle class, urban-adapt religion to science & society
Fundamentalists: Mainly rural-traditional faith, literal interpretation of Bible
John Scopes
Warren G. Harding
Ohio Gang
Harry Daugherty & President
Harry Daugherty*Boss of Ohio*Attorney General*accused of fraudulent handling of German assets seized during war
The head of the Veterans Bureau was selling medical supplies intended to treat vets in VA hospitals
He escapes to Europe
His assistant takes one for the teamCharles Forbes
Albert Falls
Teapot DomeTeapot Dome
Harding goes to Alaska
Dies on the way home
Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover
Al Smith
Andrew Mellon
Key Supreme Court Decisions
Lochner v. New York
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
Adkins v. Childrens Hospital
U.S. v. U.S. Steel