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Chapter 29: Civil Rights Chapter 29: Civil Rights and the Crisis of Liberalismand the Crisis of Liberalism

Preview:Preview: “Largely walled out from the prosperity of the “Largely walled out from the prosperity of the 1950s, African Americans and Latinos campaigned to gain 1950s, African Americans and Latinos campaigned to gain the freedoms denied them through widespread racism and, the freedoms denied them through widespread racism and, in the South, a system of segregation. As the civil rights in the South, a system of segregation. As the civil rights movement blossomed, young and relatively affluent baby movement blossomed, young and relatively affluent baby boomers spread the revolution to other areas of American boomers spread the revolution to other areas of American life.”life.”

The Highlights:The Highlights: The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement A Movement Becomes a CrusadeA Movement Becomes a Crusade Lyndon Johnson and the Great SocietyLyndon Johnson and the Great Society The CountercultureThe Counterculture

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The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement

The Changing South and African The Changing South and African AmericansAmericans– Mechanized cotton farmingMechanized cotton farming– Lumber industry provided most jobs Lumber industry provided most jobs

for African Americans outside of for African Americans outside of cotton farmingcotton farming

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The NAACP and Civil RightsThe NAACP and Civil Rights– Thurgood MarshallThurgood Marshall– NAACP chose not to attack head-on NAACP chose not to attack head-on

the Supreme Court decision of the Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

The The Brown Brown DecisionDecision– Overturning Overturning PlessyPlessy– ““Southern Manifesto” issued by 19 Southern Manifesto” issued by 19

U.S. senators and 81 representatives U.S. senators and 81 representatives to reestablish legalized segregationto reestablish legalized segregation

Latino Civil RightsLatino Civil Rights– Delgado Delgado and segregated schoolsand segregated schools– Hernandez Hernandez and desegregationand desegregation

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A New Civil Rights StrategyA New Civil Rights Strategy– Rosa ParksRosa Parks– Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.

Little Rock and the White BacklashLittle Rock and the White Backlash– Mob greets nine black studentsMob greets nine black students– National Guard preserved order for a National Guard preserved order for a

yearyear

“Neither the Brown nor the Hernández decisions ended segregation, but they combined with political and economic forces to usher in a new era of southern race relations”(983).

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Riding to FreedomRiding to Freedom– Newer civil rights organizationsNewer civil rights organizations– Kennedy hedged on his promise to Kennedy hedged on his promise to

introduce major civil rights introduce major civil rights legislationlegislation

Civil Rights at High TideCivil Rights at High Tide– James MeredithJames Meredith– ““Letter from Birmingham Jail”Letter from Birmingham Jail”– The march on WashingtonThe march on Washington

A Movement Becomes a Crusade

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The Fire Next TimeThe Fire Next Time– Tragedy in Dallas: JFK assassinated, Tragedy in Dallas: JFK assassinated,

November 22, 1963November 22, 1963– LBJ and the Civil Rights Act of 1964LBJ and the Civil Rights Act of 1964– Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965

Black PowerBlack Power– Malcolm XMalcolm X– Black PanthersBlack Panthers

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Violence in the StreetsViolence in the Streets– Riots in Harlem, Rochester, Watts Riots in Harlem, Rochester, Watts

area of L.A., Chicago, Newark and area of L.A., Chicago, Newark and DetroitDetroit

– White backlash and anger exposed White backlash and anger exposed serious flaws n the theory and serious flaws n the theory and practice of liberal reformpractice of liberal reform

“The growing white backlash and the anger exploding in the nation’s cities exposed serious flaws in the theory and practice of liberal reform”(991).

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Lyndon Johnson and the Lyndon Johnson and the Great SocietyGreat Society

The Origins of the Great SocietyThe Origins of the Great Society– Discovering povertyDiscovering poverty– The liberal traditionThe liberal tradition

The Election of 1964The Election of 1964– ““Great Society” in which poverty and Great Society” in which poverty and

racial injustice no longer existracial injustice no longer exist– Johnson won by a landslideJohnson won by a landslide

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The Great SocietyThe Great Society– Programs in educationPrograms in education– Medicare and MedicaidMedicare and Medicaid– HUDHUD– Immigration reformImmigration reform– The environmentThe environment

Evaluating the Great SocietyEvaluating the Great Society– Conservatives and radicals objected Conservatives and radicals objected

that the liberal welfare state was too that the liberal welfare state was too intrusiveintrusive

– The tradition of liberalism prevailedThe tradition of liberalism prevailed

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The Reforms of the Warren CourtThe Reforms of the Warren Court– Protecting due processProtecting due process– Banning school prayerBanning school prayer– One person, one voteOne person, one vote

“Although Lyndon Johnson and the Congress left the stamp of liberalism on federal power during the decade, the third branch of government played a role that, in the long run, proved equally significant”(996).

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The CountercultureThe Counterculture

Activists on the New LeftActivists on the New Left– SDS and Port HuronSDS and Port Huron– The Free Speech MovementThe Free Speech Movement– Freedom Summer of 1964Freedom Summer of 1964

The Rise of the CountercultureThe Rise of the Counterculture– Politics rejected for a lifestyle of Politics rejected for a lifestyle of

experimentation with music, sex and experimentation with music, sex and drugsdrugs

– The Electric Kool-Aid Acid TestThe Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test

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The Rock RevolutionThe Rock Revolution– The BeatlesThe Beatles– DylanDylan– Soul MusicSoul Music

The West Coast SceneThe West Coast Scene– The counterculture signaled the The counterculture signaled the

increasing importance of the West increasing importance of the West Coast in American popular cultureCoast in American popular culture

– The hippiesThe hippies– The Woodstock Music Festival The Woodstock Music Festival

(1969)(1969)

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