Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CHAPTER 3
TRADE COMPETITION•1400S, EUROPE COMPETES FOR
GLOBAL TRADE CONTROL
•SILK ROAD = EUROPE TO CHINA
•ITALY = IMPORTANT TRADE
CENTER
VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS•KING FERDINAND AND QUEEN
ISABELLA FINANCED HIS VOYAGE
•LANDED ON SAN SALVADOR = SAINT
SAVIOR
•COLUMBUS DIED THINKING HE FOUND
ASIA
SPICE TRADE•SPICES WERE USED FOR FLAVOR
AND FOOD PRESERVATION
•CONTROL OVER SPICE TRADE =
GREAT WEALTH AND POWER
•NEW SPICES
LEGACY OF COLUMBUS•COLUMBUS CLAIMED THE LAND,
PEOPLE, AND WEALTH FOR SPAIN
•CONQUISTADORS SAILED TO AMERICA
TO CONQUER
•COLUMBUS HAD A DESIRE FOR GLORY
YOUR HIGHNESS COMMANDED ME THAT, WITH A
SUFFICIENT FLEET, I SHOULD GO TO THE SAID PARTS
OF INDIA, AND FOR THIS ACCORDED ME GREAT
REWARDS AND ENNOBLED ME SO THAT FROM THAT
TIME HENCEFORTH I MIGHT STYLE MYSELF “DON” AND
BE HIGH ADMIRAL OF THE OCEAN SEA AND VICEROY
AND PERPETUAL GOVERNOR OF THE ISLANDS AND
CONTINENT WHICH I SHOULD DISCOVER… AND THAT
MY ELDEST SON SHOULD SUCCEED TO THE SAME
POSITION, AND SO ON FROM GENERATION TO
GENERATION FOREVER
TREATMENT OF INDIANS•COLUMBUS INTERACTED WITH THE
TAINO
•AT FIRST INTERACTIONS WERE
FRIENDLY
•COLUMBUS INSISTED ON TRIBUTES
ENCOMIENDA •GRANTED LAND AND THE NATIVES LIVING
ON THE LAND TO COLONISTS FOR SERVICE
•THEY WERE EXPECTED TO PROTECT,
CARE, AND TEACH THE NATIVES
CATHOLICISM
•WAS NOT MEANT TO BE CRUEL, BUT WAShttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxMGtsGmwVg
BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS •GRANTED AN ENCOMIENDA IN 1513
•GAVE BACK HIS ENCOMIENDA AFTER A
FEW YEARS
•“THE BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE
DESTRUCTION OF THE INDIES”
•THE KING CRACKED DOWN
“OUR SPANIARDS HAVE NOT MORE
CONSIDERATION FOR THEM THAN BEASTS.
AND I SAY THIS FROM MY OWN KNOWLEDGE
OF THE ACTS I WITNESSED. BUT I SHOULD
SAY NOT ‘THAN BEASTS’ FOR, THANKS BE TO
GOD, THEY HAVE HEAVEN. ONLY AFTER THE
SPANIARDS HAD USED VIOLENCE AGAINST
THEM, KILLING, ROBBING, TORTURING, DID
INDIANS EVER RISE UP AGAINST THEM”
DAILY QUESTIONS1.WHO FINANCED COLUMBUS’
VOYAGE?
2.HOW LONG DID COLUMBUS
BELIEVE HE FOUND ASIA?
3.WHAT WAS THE ENCOMIENDA?
ANSWERS1.KING FERDINAND AND QUEEN
ISABELLA
2.TILL HIS DYING DAY
3.LAND GRANTED AND NATIVES
GRANTED TO SPANIARDS
NEW SPAIN•CONQUISTADORS WANTED FAME
AND FORTUNE
•SPREAD CATHOLICISM
•HERNAN CORTES AND FRANCISCO
PIZARRO = MOST FAMOUS
HERNAN CORTES •TWICE ELECTED MAYOR OF
SANTIAGO
•1519 HE LANDED IN THE
YUCATAN PENINSULA
•CORTES MET THE MAYANS
MAYANS•BUILT FLAT TOP PYRAMIDS
•HAD A CALENDAR
•ADVANCED IN ASTRONOMY
•MALINCHE (MAYAN PRINCESS)
SERVED AS GUIDE FOR CORTES
FALL OF THE AZTECS•ENCOUNTERED AZTECS NEAR
TODAY’S MEXICO CITY
•PRACTICED HUMAN SACRIFICES
•CORTES WAS WELCOMED AT
FIRST
DAILY QUESTIONS
1. WHO WAS ONE OF THE MOST
FAMOUS CONQUISTADORS?
2. WHO WAS MALINCHE?
3. HOW DID THE AZTEC EMPIRE
FALL?
ANSWERS1. HERNAN CORTES
2. SHE WAS A MAYAN PRINCESS WHO
WAS A GUIDE FOR CORTES
3. CORTES USED THE OTHER TRIBES’
HATRED TO BRING DOWN THE
AZTECS
DEATH BY DISEASE•CORTES AND HIS ARMY OF NATIVES
KILLED THOUSANDS OF NATIVES,
THERE WAS A BIGGER THREAT
•SMALLPOX
•SMALLPOX = MAIN CAUSE OF DEATH
•80-95% DIED
NEW COLONY
•AZTEC EMPIRE BECAME SPANISH
LAND
•AZTEC EMPIRE = NEW SPAIN
•TENOCHTITLAN = MEXICO CITY
CONQUEST OF PERU•FRANCISCO PIZARRO SET OFF TOWARDS
AMERICA
•ARRIVED IN PERU IN 1531
•ATAHUALPA REFUSED TO CONVERT
•PIZARRO ATTACKED
•SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC MADE THEM EASY TO
DEFEAT
ENOUGH IS NEVER ENOUGH
•THE SPANISH WANTED MORE
GOLD
•EVENTUALLY THE EXPEDITIONS
MADE THERE WAY TO NEW
MEXICO
CABEZA DE VACA
•CABEZA AND A SLAVE, ESTABAN
WERE CAPTURED BY NATIVES
•THEY ESCAPED
•JULY 1536 FINALLY SAW
SPANIARDS
LEGEND OF CIBOLA•NATIVES TOLD CABEZA DE VACA
ABOUT GREAT WEALTH
•THE STORIES WERE ELABORATED,
CITIES OF GOLD
•THE SPANISH WANTED THE WEALTH
ESTEBAN DE DORANTES
•FROM NORTHERN AFRICA
•CAPTURED BY THE PORTUGUESE
•ANDRES DORANTES MADE HIM A
SLAVE
•LEARNED NATIVE LANGUAGES
ESTEBAN LEADS THE WAY
•FRAY MARCOS DE NIZA WAS THE
LEADER
•ESTEBAN WAS THE MOST VALUABLE
•HE WAS FAMILIAR WITH THE LAND
Name Chapter Date
Re-write question
Answer question
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 2 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX
CARD
1. HOW DID SPANISH EXPLORATION AND
COLONIZATION AFFECT NEW MEXICO’S
NATIVE POPULATION?
ZUNI•ESTEBAN AND A SMALL GROUP TRAVELED
AHEAD
•HE RATTLED A GOURD AND ORDERED GIFTS
•ESTEBAN SENT WORD THAT THE VILLAGE
OF HAWIKUH HAD MANY PEOPLE
•ESTEBAN WAS NEVER HEARD FROM AGAIN
FRAY MARCOS AND ZUNI•FRAY MARCOS WAS WORRIED ABOUT HIS
OWN SAFETY
•HE THOUGHT HE SAW BUILDINGS MADE OF
GOLD FROM ATOP A HILL
•FRAY MARCOS SENT WORD THAT HAWIKUH
WAS NOT JUST ONE CITY, BUT SEVEN
CORONADO HEADS NORTH
•CORONADO SEARCHED FOR THE SEVEN
CITIES OF CIBOLA
•LARGEST EXPEDITION: 300 SOLDIERS,
3 WOMEN, 800 NATIVE ALLIES, 1000
SLAVES, AND 1500 ANIMALS
CORONADO HEADS NORTH
•THEY REACHED ZUNI, THE ZUNIS FOUGHT,
BUT THEY LOST
•RATHER THAN 7 LARGE CITIES IN HAWIKUH
THERE WERE ONLY 6 SMALL ONES
•FRAY MARCOS RETURNED TO NEW SPAIN IN
DISGRACE
GRAND CANYON
•EXPEDITIONS WERE SENT OUT
•SOLDIERS CAME ACROSS THE GRAND
CANYON
•THEY CALLED IT “USELESS PIECE
OF PROPERTY”
CONFLICT WITH PUEBLOS
•HOPI IN ARIZONA, ACOMA IN GRANTS,
PECOS IN LAS VEGAS, NM
•NATIVES FIRST WERE KIND AND
SHARED THEIR HOMES AND FOOD
•SPANISH TOOK ADVANTAGE
•THE NATIVES WERE ENSLAVED
MORE RUMORS•CORONADO MADE HIS WAY TO QUIVIRA
•IT WAS A SMALL NATIVE VILLAGE, NO
WEALTH
•MADE THERE WAY BACK TO NEW SPAIN
•THREE PRIESTS WERE NEVER HEARD
FROM AGAIN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGM6i-1ozPk
SUCCESS OR FAILURE
• CORONADO THOUGHT THEIR
EXPEDITIONS WERE A FAILURE
•HISTORIANS BELIEVE IT TO BE A
SUCCESS
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. HOW DID CORONADO’S EXPLORATIONS AFFECT
THE PEOPLE AND THE NEW LAND THAT WAS
DISCOVERED?
2. WHAT DISCOVERIES DID CORONADO AND HIS
MEN MAKE?
3. IN YOUR OPINION WAS HIS EXPLORATION A
SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
THE SPANISH RETURN•1598 KING PHILIP II SENT AN
EXPEDITION TO SETTLE NM
•KING PHILIP II BELIEVED THERE WAS
WEALTH IN NORTHERN NM
•THE SPANISH CALLED THE NORTHERN
FRONTIER NUEVA MEXICO
DON JUAN DE OÑATE•OÑATE WAS AN EXCELLENT CHOICE
•POLITICAL LEADER IN NEW SPAIN
•OÑATE’S EXPEDITION=150 FAMILIES
(MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN) AND
10 PRIESTS
•83 WAGONS CARRIED THEIR TOOLS
• Describe in detail your
overall impression of the
photograph
• Divide the photograph
into quadrants, in what
new ways do new details
become visible
• List people, objects, and
activities you see
• What can you learn from
the photograph
• What details in the image
suggest how the artist
viewed Oñate
EL CAMINO REAL•THE TRIP TOOK 6 MONTHS
•EL CAMINO REAL = ROYAL ROAD
•RIO DEL NORTE = RIO GRANDE
•THEY STOPPED NEAR EL PASO, TX
•OÑATE DECLARED THE LAND KINGDOM OF
NEW MEXICO
JORNADA DEL MUERTO•90 MILE STRETCH OF THE EL CAMINO REAL
= JORNADA DEL MUERTO
•A DOG LED THEM TO WATER
•THE POOL OF WATER BECAME KNOWN AS
LOS CHARCOS DEL PERILLO
•THE NATIVES WERE EXTREMELY HELPFUL
DEMANDS ARE MADE
•SETTLED IN OHKE LATER TO BE
CALLED SAN JUAN
•THEY RELIED ON THE PUEBLOANS TO
FEED THEM
•THE SPANIARDS WANTED MORE
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. HOW DO YOU THINK ONATE’S
EXPLORATIONS WILL AFFECT THE PEOPLE
AND THE NEW LAND THAT WAS
DISCOVERED?
2. IN YOUR OPINION DID ONATE CONTRIBUTE
ANY POSITIVITY TO THE SETTLING OF NM?
ACOMA REVOLT•THEY BELIEVED THEY COULD DEFY THE
SPANISH
•DECEMBER 1598 THE ACOMA REVOLT
TOOK PLACE
•THE ACOMA KILLED ONE OF ONATE’S
NEPHEWS
ACOMA REVOLT
•IN JANUARY THE SPANISH CLIMBED
THE CLIFF
•3 DAY BATTLE
•SPANISH WOMEN DEFENDED THEIR
HOMES WITH THEIR SOLDIERS AWAY
ACOMA REVOLT
•ONATE WON
•THE PUEBLOANS WHO SURVIVED
WERE ENSLAVED
•YOUNG WARRIORS HAD THEIR RIGHT
FOOT CUT OFF
Who and
why do
you think
Onate’s
foot was
cut off of
his
statue?
TROUBLE FROM WITHIN
•THE COLONISTS WERE ALSO GIVING
ONATE TROUBLE
•MANY COMPLAINED OF THE HARSH
CLIMATE AND LACK OF FOOD
•THEY WANTED TO RETURN TO NEW
SPAIN, ONATE REFUSED TO ALLOW IT
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. HOW DO YOU THINK ONATE’S
EXPLORATIONS AFFECTED THE PEOPLE AND
THE NEW LAND THAT WAS DISCOVERED?
2. IN YOUR OPINION DID ONATE CONTRIBUTE
ANY POSITIVES TO THE SETTLING OF NM?
RESUMING THE SEARCH•ONATE DECIDED TO CONTINUE THE
SEARCH OF THE SEVEN CITIES OF
CIBOLA
•IN THE WEST HE CAME ACROSS A 200FT
SANDSTONE AND CARVED HIS NAME AND
DATE IN IT
RESUMING THE SEARCH
•THE SANDSTONE BECAME KNOWN AS
EL MORRO = THE BLUFF
•A BLUFF IS A STEEP CLIFF
Paso Por Aqui =
Passed by here
• Why do you
think Onate
carved his
name, date,
and the
message on the
rock
• What
conclusions can
be drawn about
Onate from
what he carved
into the rock
RESUMING THE SEARCH
•ONATE TRAVELED TO MANY OF THE
SAME PLACES AS CORONADO
•WHEN ONATE FOUND NOTHING BUT
BUFFALO HE RETURNED TO SAN
JUAN
RESUMING THE SEARCH•MANY OF THE COLONISTS HAD RETURNED TO
NEW SPAIN
•THE COLONISTS TOLD THE GOVERNMENT OF
ONATE’S HARSH TREATMENT AND NO RICHES
•ONATE RETURNED TO MEXICO ONLY TO BE
BANISHED
SPANISH DECIDE TO STAY
•ONATE LEFT IN 1607
•THE SPANISH HAD TO DECIDE, GO OR
STAY
•VICEROY OF NEW SPAIN BEGGED THE
KING NOT TO ABANDON
SPANISH DECIDE TO STAY•THE KING DECIDED TO STAY
•RATHER THAN WEALTH, THEY WOULD
SEARCH FOR SPIRITUAL WEALTH
•IN SPAIN MANY WERE ABANDONING
THEIR FAITH
A NEW CAPITAL
•DON PEDRO DE PERALTA = NEW
GOVERNOR
•FOUND A NEW LOCATION FOR THE
CAPITAL (SANTA FE)
•GOOD LOCATION
A SPANISH TOWN•PLAZAS
•PRACTICE FIGHTING
•FIESTAS
•TRADE
•USED FOR VISITATION DURING OFF
TIMES
POLITICAL CENTER
•LA CASA REAL = ROYAL PALACE
•SPANISH GOVERNORS LIVED THERE
•THEY RULED FROM THIS BUILDING
FOR 211 YEARS
RELIGIOUS CENTER
•SAINT FRANCIS WAS IN THE PLAZA
•THE CHURCH WAS NECESSARY
•CATHOLIC RELIGION WAS CENTRAL
TO EVERY SPANIARD’S LIFE
MILITARY CENTER
•PRESIDIO (MILITARY FORT)
•HOUSED WEAPONS AND SUPPLIES
•SOLDIERS WERE STATIONED THERE
•A WALL AROUND THE PLAZA
OFFERED PROTECTION
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX
CARD
1. HOW DO YOU THINK PERALTA AFFECTED
THE PEOPLE AND THE LAND?
2. WHAT WAS THE PLAZA USED FOR?
TOWN’S SET UP•COLONISTS BUILT THEIR HOMES OUTSIDE
THE WALLS
•EACH COLONIST WAS GIVEN TWO PLOTS OF
LAND
•EXPECTED TO FARM, FEED THE COMMUNITY,
AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE ECONOMY
MIXTURE OF STYLES
•PERALTA WANTED TO MAKE SANTA
FE AS SPANISH AS POSSIBLE
•IN THE END SANTA FE LOOKED
MORE LIKE A PUEBLO
•PUEBLOANS PROVIDED THE LABOR
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
•PERALTA = ROYAL GOVERNOR
•CABILDO = TOWN COUNCIL
•COUNCILMEN’S JOBS = DISTRIBUTING
LAND, MAKING LAWS, COLLECTING
TAXES, SUPERVISING TRADE, TOWN’S
SAFETY, AND JUDGES
PRESENT DAY COUNCILMEN•CARRYING OUT CITY BUSINESS
•MANAGING THE CITY’S MONEY
•CONDUCTING INTERGOVERNMENTAL
AFFAIRS
•PROTECTING THE CITY
•PROVIDING LEADERSHIP
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 2 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX
CARD
1. HOW DO YOU THINK PERALTA AFFECTED
THE PEOPLE AND THE LAND?
King of
Spain
Viceroy of
New Spain
Royal Government
of New Mexico
Cabildo (Town Council)
Regidores (Councilman)
LAND GRANT SYSTEM
•BIGGEST JOB FOR THE CABILDO WAS
OVERSEEING THE LAND GRANT
•A SETTLER HAD TO AGREE TO LIVE AND
WORK THE LAND FOR AT LEAST 4
YEARS
•PART OF THE ENCOMIENDA
ACEQUIAS
•IRRIGATION CANALS = ACEQUIAS
•ACEQUIA WAS A CENTRAL FEATURE
•ACEQUIA MADRE = MAIN IRRIGATION
DITCH
•MAYORDOMO = DITCH MASTER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUv2Tz1ayTc
Acequia systems
set up in NM
WATER IN NEW MEXICO
•WHY DID PEOPLE PUT SO MUCH
EFFORT IN CONTROLLING WATER?
•IN PERCENTAGE, HOW MUCH WATER
AREA DO YOU THINK NEW MEXICO
HAS?
WATER IN NEW MEXICO
•LESS THAN 5% WATER AREA
•LAND AREA SQUARE MILES= 121,298
•WATER AREA SQUARE MILES= 292
•PERCENT AREA WATER= .20%
COLONIAL ECONOMY
•NM IMPORTANT TO SPANISH EMPIRE
•ECONOMY BASED ON FARMING AND
RANCHING
•SOLD NATIVE MADE BLANKETS,
CLOTHING, JEWELRY, AND SLAVES
MANUFACTURED GOODS
•AN ITEM THAT IS PRODUCED FROM
RAW MATERIALS
•WOOD = NATURAL RESOURCE
•WOOD FURNITURE =
MANUFACTURED GOOD
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX
CARD
1. HOW DID THE ACEQUIA SYSTEM AFFECT
THE PEOPLE?
2. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF A
MANUFACTURED GOOD?
MANUFACTURED GOODS•EVERY 3 YEARS A CARAVAN
BROUGHT GOODS
•THE CARAVAN CARRIED BACK RAW
MATERIALS AND NATIVE GOODS
MANUFACTURED GOODS•THE NEW WORLD GAVE RAW
MATERIALS TO SPAIN
•SPAIN TURNED THEM INTO
MANUFACTURED GOODS
•MANUFACTURED GOODS WENT TO THE
NEW WORLD
THE ENVIRONMENT
•RIO GRANDE OFFERED VEGETATION
FOR LIVESTOCK
•MOSTLY FLAT ROUTE
•ONCE IN SOCORRO THE ROUTE
BECAME MOUNTAINOUS
FOOD
EL CAMINO REAL
•WATER DETERMINED THE LENGTH OF
THE JOURNEY
•PARAJES = CAMP GROUND
•SOME PARAJES BECAME SETTLEMENTS
EL CAMINO REAL
•FLOODING OF THE RIO GRANDE
WHIPPED OUT SECTIONS
•HAD TO CROSS THE RIVER CAREFULLY
CATHOLIC MISSIONS•MAIN GOAL = CONVERT NATIVES
•HEADQUARTERS = SANTO DOMINGO
•NATIVES KILLED MISSIONARIES
•MID-1600S PRIESTS CLAIM MANY
NATIVES CONVERTED
Mission Nuestra
Señora de la
Concepción de
Acuña, San
Antonio, Texas
San Miguel Chaple,
Santa Fe, New
Mexico
Zuni Mission
HIGH EXPECTATIONS•CONVERTING WAS NOT ENOUGH
•PRIESTS WANTED TO “HISPANIZE”
NATIVES
•NATIVES WERE EXPECTED TO GIVE
UP THEIR CULTURE
HIGH EXPECTATIONS•RELIGIOUS OBJECTS WERE
DESTROYED
•TRADITIONS WERE BANNED
•RELIGIOUS LEADERS WERE
PUNISHED
HIGH EXPECTATIONS•NATIVES EXPECTED TO DRESS LIKE
SPANIARDS
•NOT FOLLOWING THE RULES MEANT
PUNISHMENT
•RESENTED PRIESTS AS MUCH AS
ENCOMENDEROS
STRUGGLE FOR POWER
•PRIESTS HAD A LOT OF POWER
•COLONIAL GOVERNMENT HAD A LOT
OF POWER TOO
•PRIESTS AND GOVERNMENT ARGUED
WHO WAS IN CHARGE
STRUGGLE FOR POWER
•COLONISTS USED NATIVES FOR
THEIR OWN LABOR
•PRIESTS WANTED TO USE THEM FOR
THEIR LABOR
•CONFLICT ENSUED
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. HOW DID THE EL CAMINO REAL AFFECT
WHERE SETTLEMENTS WERE MADE?
2. WHAT CAUSED THE RIFT BETWEEN THE
CHURCH AND GOVERNMENT?
BACKGROUND
•1670S THERE WAS A DROUGHT
•DROUGHT=FAMINE=RAIDS
•PUEBLOS FACED DISEASES
•PUEBLOS WENT BACK TO THEIR
RELIGIONS
BACKGROUND•THE VIGOR FOR THEIR RELIGION
CAUSED PROBLEMS
•FRAY POSADA BANNED RELIGIOUS
ACTS
•1675 – GOVERNOR TREVINO
ARRESTED 75 MEDICINE MEN
PUEBLO REVOLT
•1680, PUEBLOS LOST PATIENCE
•SEVERE DROUGHT, RAIDS, AND
SMALLPOX OUTBREAK
•FREEDOM = RESTORED HARMONY
PUEBLO REVOLT
•MESSENGERS WENT TO EACH
PUEBLO
•ONE KNOT = ONE DAY
•APACHES BECAME THEIR ALLIES
UNITED ATTACK•AUGUST 10, 1680 = UPRISING BEGAN
•MISSIONS AND SETTLEMENTS WERE
ATTACKED
•PUEBLOS HAD NEVER COME
TOGETHER BEFORE
UNITED ATTACK•SPANIARDS WON OUTSIDE
SANTA FE
•PUEBLOS CUT OFF WATER
SUPPLY
•SPANIARDS FLED SANTA FE
UNITED ATTACK•SPANISH REFUGEES TRAVELED THE
EL CAMINO REAL
•REFUGEE – A PERSON WHO FLEES
BECAUSE OF WAR
•400 SPANIARDS HAD BEEN KILLED
OCCUPIED SANTA FE
•12 YEARS OF DESTRUCTION
•DESTROY SPANISH CULTURE,
RESTORE THEIR OWN
•IMPOSSIBLE TASK
•1690S, UNITY HAD DISAPPEARED
POPÉ
•WAS A MEDICINE MAN AND WAR
CHIEF
•HE HAD BEEN ARRESTED
•PUEBLO WARRIORS DEMANDED HIS
RELEASE
POPÉ
•PUEBLOS SHARED HATRED OVER
SPANIARDS
•SPANIARDS FLED, POPÉ BECAME
LEADER
•PUEBLOS WERE HAPPY AT FIRST
POPÉ
•PUEBLOS SOON GOT FRUSTRATED
WITH POPÉ
•RAIN AND PEACE NEVER CAME
•POPÉ DIED 2 YEARS BEFORE
SPANISH RECONQUERED
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. WHAT WERE SOME OF THE CAUSES OF THE
PUEBLO REVOLT?
2. WHY WAS IT DIFFICULT TO RESTORE THEIR
(PUEBLOS) CULTURE?
SPANISH RETURN
•1692 SPANISH RETURN
•REGAIN GLORY AND LAND
•DON DIEGO DE VARGAS WAS
CHOSEN
DON DIEGO DE VARGAS•RESPECTED FAMILY
•HIS ANCESTORS WERE KNIGHTS
•FATHER WAS IN DEBT, MOVED TO
AMERICA
•TOOK AN IMPERIAL POST IN
GUATEMALA
DON DIEGO DE VARGAS
•VARGAS HAD 5 CHILDREN, HIS DEBT
GREW
•NOT SUITABLE IN MANAGING MONEY
•DESIRE FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
IMPORTANCE
DON DIEGO DE VARGAS•1673, LEFT HIS FAMILY AND MOVED TO
AMERICA LIKE HIS FATHER
•QUEEN GAVE HIM POSITION OF CHIEF
JUDGE
•1683 WAS PROMOTED TO ROYAL
ADMINISTRATOR
DON DIEGO DE VARGAS•1688 OBTAINED GOVERNORSHIP OF
NEW MEXICO
•DID NOT FULLY RECEIVE IT TILL 1691
•PLEDGED TO GIVE RIO GRANDE
PUEBLO BACK TO SPAIN
RECONQUEST•COMPETITION WITH FRANCE MADE NM
A PRIORITY
•VARGAS HEADED TO NM WITH A SMALL
GROUP
•PUEBLOS DID NOT FIGHT
RECONQUEST•VARGAS WANTED A PEACEFUL
RECONQUEST
•MANY PUEBLOS AGREED TO CATHOLIC
AND SPANISH RULE
•DECEMBER 1693, VARGAS BROUGHT
MORE PEOPLE
RECONQUEST•SANTA FE WAS FILLED WITH PUEBLOS
•SPANISH INSISTED NATIVES LEAVE
•VARGAS WENT INTO BATTLE
•VARGAS WON AND RECLAIMED SANTA
FE
RECONQUEST•THE PUEBLOS WERE WEAKER AND
HAD NO LEADER
•MOST FLED TO THE MOUNTAINS
•LATE 1696 SPANISH WERE ONCE
AGAIN IN CONTROL OF NM
NEW SETTLEMENTS•THE SPANISH BEGAN SETTLING MORE
TOWNS
•SANTA CRUZ AND ALBUQUERQUE
•BUILT AROUND A PLAZA
NEW SETTLEMENTS•NEW SETTLEMENTS WERE PLACED IN
PROXIMITY TO THE EL CAMINO REAL
AND RIO GRANDE
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. HOW DID THE SPANISH DECIDE WHERE TO
BUILD THEIR SETTLEMENTS?
2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FIRST
CONQUEST AND THE SECOND OF NM?
18TH CENTURY NM
•LIVED ON SMALL FARMS OR LARGE
ESTATES (HACIENDAS)
•CORN, BEANS, AND WHEAT WERE
GROWN
•ACEQUIAS PROVIDED WATER
NEW LAND GRANTS•GRANTED LAND TO INDIVIDUALS AND
GROUPS
•1740, 32 FAMILIES ASKED FOR
COMMUNITY LAND GRANT
•1700S PUEBLOS ALSO GOT LAND
GRANTS
MAKING A LIVING
•FARMING, RANCHING, AND HUNTING
BUFFALO
•MOST POPULAR LIVESTOCK = SHEEP
•CHURROS = BREED OF SHEEP
MAKING A LIVING
•WEALTHIEST SETTLERS, 1000+
SHEEP
•SHEEPHERDING = HARD AND
LONELY
•GRAZING ON MOUNTAINS
LIVING PEACEFULLY
•1700S RELATIONS WITH PUEBLOS
IMPROVED
•CHURCH WAS MORE ACCEPTING OF
NATIVE RELIGIONS
HOSTILE TRIBES
•COMANCHES AND UTES MOVED INTO
THE AREA
•COMANCHES WERE FIERCE
WARRIORS AND EXCELLENT
HORSEMEN
HOSTILE TRIBES
•UTES WERE ALSO FIERCE WARRIORS
AND EXCELLENT HORSEMEN
•RAIDS OCCURRED DURING HARD
TIMES
•CAPTURED SPANISH COLONISTS
PEACE WITH COMANCHES
•GOV. ANZA LED A SURPRISE ATTACK
•COMANCHES AGREED TO A PEACE
TREATY IN 1786
•BECAME VALUED SPANISH ALLIES
FATE OF THE PUEBLOS
•1700S: SPANISH POPULATION
INCREASED, PUEBLOS DECREASED
•DISEASE AND RAIDS
•CORONADO: 60 PUEBLO VILLAGES
•ONLY 19 REMAINED
TAOS TRADE FAIR
•ONCE A YEAR
•HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE WENT
•EVEN IN WAR, TEMPORARY PEACE
IN ORDER TO GO
TAOS TRADE FAIR•SPANISH = METAL TOOLS AND WOOLEN
GOODS
•PUEBLOS = CROPS, POTTERY,
BLANKETS
•NOMADIC = ANIMAL HIDES, BUFFALO
ROBES, STOLEN GOODS
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. HOW DID THE SPANISH MAKE PEACE WITH
THE COMANCHE?
2. HOW DID THE PUEBLO POPULATION CHANGE
SINCE THE SPANISH ARRIVED?
BUFFALO HUNTERS
•LOS CIBOLEROS = SPANISH
BUFFALO HUNTERS
•CARAVANS FORMED IN OCTOBER
•MAYORDOMO LED THE CARAVAN
BUFFALO HUNTERS
•MAYORDOMO FOUND CAMP AND
SENT OUT SCOUTS
•AT DAWN THE HUNT BEGAN
•LEARNED TO HUNT BY THE
COMANCHES
BUFFALO HUNTERS
•USED EVERY PART OF THE ANIMAL
•HIDES FOR ROBES AND RUGS
•DRIED BUFFALO MEAT = CARNE SECA
•BUFFALO TONGUES = EXPENSIVE
TREATS
COWBOYS
•VAQUEROS = SPANISH COWBOYS
•COWBOYS WERE IN SPAIN AND
PORTUGAL
•EARLY COWBOYS SET THE TREND
PAST AND PRESENT
•SADDLES, STIRRUPS, AND SPURS
•CHAPS = CHAPARRERAS
•RODEO SIMILAR TO COWBOY GAMES
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. HOW DID THE COMANCHES HELP THE
CIBOLEROS?
2. HOW ARE PRESENT DAY COWBOYS LINKED
TO THE PAST?
BUFFALO HUNTERS
•EARLY 1800S, 50-60 MILLION
BUFFALO ROAMING THE GREAT
PLAINS
•1890 ONLY 750
•IN DANGER OF BECOMING EXTINCT
BUFFALO HUNTERS
• PLAINS INDIANS AND WHITE
COMMERCIAL BUFFALO HUNTERS
VIED FOR THE RIGHT TO KILL
BUFFALO
•BOTH SIDES HAD SUPPORTERS
• HTTPS://WWW.TEXASBEYONDHISTORY.NET/REDRIVER/LESSON.HTML
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD
1. WHO WERE VYING FOR CONTROL OF THE
BUFFALO?
2. IN YOUR OPINION WHO DO YOU BELIEVE
HAS THE RIGHT? EXPLAIN.
