CHAPTER – 3 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUSgpcb.gov.in/pdf/Sam_Fine_Chem_EIA_Report_Part_3.pdf8 Bharudi 798 3.25 km ... Shree Ram Cotton Cotton 34. Raj ... 36. Akash Polymers Plastic

CHAPTER – 3

BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL

STATUS

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 1 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status

CHAPTER 3 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Preparation of EIA needs a datum on which the evaluation can be done. It is

necessary to collect data about different environmental aspects that are likely

to be affected due to the proposed industrial activity, which in turn defines an

existing environmental quality to serve as the datum.

Various environmental conditions exist in the area surrounding the project site,

which are liable to be affected due to the project activities, have been

assessed quantitatively as well as qualitatively. In order to assess the feasibility of

the said project, a study related to the present environment condition has been

carried out by generating the baseline data.

As per TORs of the project (vide letter no. J-11011/746/2009- IA dated on 9th

August, 2010) issued by Ministry of Environment & Forest, New Delhi, the study

area to be considered as 10 km from the project site. The baseline

environmental quality has been assessed as per the TORs for the month of

October 2010 to December 2010 (Winter Season) in a study area of 10 km radial

distance from the project site with reference to the attributes as summarized in

Table - 3.1.

3.2 STUDY AREA

The base line data has been collected within the 10 km radius surrounding the

project site of M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. The study area is covered by 19 villages

of Gondal Taluka, 8 villages of Kotda Sangani Taluka. The detail of villages and

their location from the project site is given in Table - 3.2. The Google image of

the study area along with the distance from severely polluted area and Google

image showing 5 Km & 10 km radius area is given below as Plate - 3.1 & Plate –

3.2(A) & (B) respectively. While the map depicting administrative boundaries of

Taluka, showing locations of town & villages along with infrastructure facilities as

national & state highways, important roads & railway line is shown in Plate - 3.3.


Plate- 3.1 Google Image showing project site and distance from severely polluted area

: Project site 1 : Hadmtala Industrial Area 2 : Shaper Veraval Industrial Estate 3 : Rajkot city 4 : Aji Industrial Area


Plate- 3.2 (A) Google Image showing 5 km Radius Area from the project site

S1 : Project site S2 : Ardoi S3 : Hadamtala S4 : Biliyala S5 : Mahika Nana S6 : Mahika Mota S7 : Veri Talav S8 : NH-8B S9 : SH-233


Plate- 3.2 (B) Google Image showing 10 km Radius Area from the project site

S1 : Project site S2 : Ardoi S3 : Hadamtala S4 : Biliyala S5 : Mahika Nana S6 : Mahika Mota S7 : Veri Talav S8 : NH-8B S9 : SH-233


Table - 3.1: Details of AttributesAttributes Parameters Data procured from

Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction,

temperature, relative humidity,

rainfall and cloudiness

Book “Climate of Gujarat”

published by Indian

Metrological Department,

Government Of India - 1995

Micro

Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction,

Relative humidity, cloud cover

and temperature

Indian Meteorological

Department, Ahmedabad

for Rajkot Observatory

Water

Environment

Physical, chemical and

Parameters.

Ambient Air

Environment PM10, SO2, NOx, HC and VOCs

Noise

Environment Noise levels in dBA

Monitored data

Land Use

Pattern

Land use for different

land use classifications.

Based on Satellite Imagery

for study area of 10 km

Socioeconomic

Status

Socio-economic

characteristics, labor

force characteristics,

population statistics

Existing amenities in the study

area and quality of life.

Census Handbook of

Rajkot District – 2001

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Envi

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Map

with

Vill

age


Table - 3.2: Villages Covered Under Study Area of 10 km

Sr.No.

Name of Village Name of Taluka Village code Position w.r.t project

site

1 Gundasara 796 6.75 km @ 21

2 Ribda 795 7.75 km @ 352

3 Rib 794 7.75 km @ 329

4 Mungavavdi 793 8.125 km @ 312

5 Daliya 799 7.125 km @ 294

6 Valadhari 800 8.125 km @ 284

7 Pipaliya 797 4.5 km @ 333

8 Bharudi 798 3.25 km @ 310

9 Mahika Mota 811 5.125 km @ 272

10 Bhunava 812 2.375 km @ 264

11 Sindhavadar 809 6.875 km @ 260

12 Lunivav 807 9.75 km @ 251

13 Mahika Nana 810 5.75 km @ 241.5

14 Biliyala 813 4.375 km @ 186

15 Umvada Mota 818 7.875 km @ 22016 Nagadka 817 5.875 km @ 19717 Bhojpara 816 6.625 km @ 18318 Shemla 814 3.125 km @ 14419 Pachiyavadar

Gondal

815 5.125 km @ 13520 Khareda 680 6.875 km @ 12521 Rajgadh 679 9.375 km @ 11122 Kotda Sangani 672 7.875 km @ 10223 Soliya 669 6.0 km @ 7424 Naranka 661 9.5 km @ 4425 Ardoi 665 3.875 km @ 4226 Hadamtala 668 2.3 km @ 8627 Anandpar

Kotda Sanghani

664 8.5 km @ 62


3.2.1 INDUSTRIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is located in the Hadamtala industrial area which is one

of well developed industrial area in Rajkot. There is approx 500 nos. of industries

of different sizes and categories in the industrial area. The major category of

industries involved in the industrial area are cement, food, textile engineering as

well as synthetic organic chemical manufacturing . Table-3.3 shows the

few of the major industrial units functioning in the area.

Table-3.3: List of few Industries in Hadamtala Industrial AreaSr. No. Name of Industry Type of Industry

1. Devdeep Ginning & Pressing Industries Ginning

2. Shyam Ginning Ginning

3. Radhashyam Ginning Ginning

4. Kailash Ginning Ginning

5. Jalaram Ginning Ginning

6. Goverdhan Core Ginning Pvt. Ltd. Ginning

7. Raghuvir Ginning Pressing Ginning

8. Ashirwad Ginning Pressing Ginning

9. Gil Ginning Pressing Factory Ginning

10. T.T. Ginning Ginning

11. Jagnath Industries Ginning

12. Jalaram Ginning (Bilyada) Ginning

13. Paper Favtory Paper

14. Sagar Cement Cement

15. Royal Cement Cement

16. Manek Cement Cement

17. Trilok Cement Cement

18. Cargo Cement Cement

19. Shree Ganesh Concrete Pvt. Ltd. Cement

20. Micro Tech Cement Cement

21. Polad Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement


Sr. No. Name of Industry Type of Industry

22. Power Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement

23. Shaan Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement

24. Pyramid Cement Cement

25. Pramukh Cement Cement

26. Nilkanth Concrete Cement

27. Kangaroo Cement Cement

28. Samrat Cement Cement

29. Gaj Sahara Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement

30. Aum Cotton Cotton

31. K.K. Cotton Cotton

32. Raghuvanshi Cotton Cotton

33. Shree Ram Cotton Cotton

34. Raj Cotton Cotton

35. Cosmos Valves

36. Akash Polymers Plastic

37. Kranti Polymers Plastic

38. Rajkot Poly Pack Pvt. Ltd Plastic

39. Kelvin Plastic Plastic

40. KSP Auto & Forge Pvt. Ltd. Flanch

41. Patel Proteins Food

42. Aims Agro Food

43. Kishan Agro Food

44. Dolat Industries Oil Mill

45. Tirath Agro Engineering

46. Orchev Pharma Pvt. Ltd. Pharmaceutical

47. Endoc pharma Ltd. Pharmaceutical

48. Ascent Pharma Ltd. Pharmaceutical


3.3 GEOLOGY

General geology of district Rajkot shows the basaltic rock of the deccan trap.

The most common type is fine to medium grained, compact, grayish black,

basalt. Some variants are also not uncommon. Amygdaloidal varieties having

comparatively light colour, softer and more weathered basalt containing

amygdales of zeolites, calcite and quartz is also found.

The rock mass is covered withs an overburden of fine to very fine grained, dark

brownish and blackish brown, clays of high plasticity having approximately 1.0,

thickness followed by moderate to highly weathered and completely fractured

basalt up to around 2.0 m.

The general physical character of the rock may be taken as follows.

Uniaxial compressive strength : 800-2000 kg/cm2

Specific gravity : 2.80-2.95

Unit weight : 2.50-2.75 g/cc

Water absorption : 0.50-0.80 %

Porosity : 5-6 %

Permeability : 1 x 10-12 mm/sec

The general character of rock is best suited as aggregate in concreting for non

bituminous layers in pavements. The safe bearing pressure of such rock is more

than required for common structures. The ground water table in the region is at

a greater depth.

3. 4 METEOROLOGY

The transport and diffusion of the pollutants in the atmosphere is governed by

meteorological factors. Knowledge of meteorological characteristics is

therefore, essential to assess the effect of pollution on the receptors. Moreover,

metrological characteristics of an area are very important in deciding the

project installation, assessing possible environmental impacts and in preparing

environmental management plan. The importance and measurement method

of each meteorological parameter is given in Table-3.4.


Table-3.4: Meteorological Parameters

Sr.No Parameters Measurement

Method Importance

1. Surface Temperature

Temperature Sensors capable

of giving electrical signals

are used e.g. thermocouples,

resistance thermometers or

thermistors.

Temperature affect the plum rise & it increase the effective height of release and thereby increase dispersion and thus decreases the maximum ground level concentration of the pollutants. It also Influences stability conditions and extent of dispersion of pollutants.

2. Rainfall

Rain gauge as per IS: 5225 is used for the

measurement of rainfall.

Rainwater scrubs the atmospheric pollutants and pollutes surface and groundwater.

3. Relative Humidity

RH sensors giving electrical signals

are use e.g. hydrometer.

Moisture provides surface area for suspended particulate matter to coalesce and grow in the size and settle under the influence of gravity. It also enhances the chemical reactions of the gaseous pollutant High humidity is associated with

Lowered visibility for water vapour plumes Possible acid mist formation

4. Wind Speed

Totalizing type Anemometer is

used to measure the wind speed.

Determines initial dispersion of air pollution

5. Wind Direction

Wind vane is used to measure the wind direction

and wind direction

fluctuation.

Determines downward geometry

6.Atmospheric

Stability Condition

Determined from surface

observations on wind speed,

cloud cover and solar radiations

Determines plume spread associated with turbulent motions in the atmosphere


The meteorological data were collected for Rajkot district from Book “Climate

of Gujarat” published by Indian Metrological Department, Government of India

– 1995 for temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind direction, wind speed, &

cloudiness. The summary of these parameters are given in Table-3.5 &

represented in Graph 3.1(A) to 3.1(E).

Whole season of one year is divided in four sub season as Cold season, from

December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May, while

period from June to September is Monsoon and October to November is Post

monsoon for the study of climates of this district.

Table – 3.5: Summary of Meteorological Parameters

Temp(oC) Wind Direction Humidity

(%) Cloudiness

(Okta) Month

Max Min M E M E M E

Avg.Wind

Speed(m/sec)

RainfallAverage

(mm)

January 28.1 10.7 NE NE/N 51 22 1.3 1.4 13.1 1.0

February 30.7 13.1 - NW/W 57 19 1.4 1.3 13.6 1.3

March 35.3 17.2 NW/N NW 63 17 1.6 1.4 16.6 1.6

April 38.8 21.3 W/NW NW/W 66 18 1.5 1.4 19.7 1.5

May 40.5 24.7 SW/W N 72 27 2.1 1.7 26.2 10.0

Jun 37.8 26.2 SW SW/W 76 48 4.7 4.7 28.1 100.0

July 32.6 21.9 SW SW/W 85 68 63 6.7 28.3 239.5

August 31.6 24.0 SW SW/N 86 65 6.3 6.7 23.2 157.0

September 32.9 22.9 SW/W W/SW 85 57 4.2 5.1 17.4 90.0

October 35.4 20.9 NW NE/NW 70 31 1.8 2.3 12.1 23.7

November 33.2 16.5 NE NE 50 24 1.2 1.4 10.6 4.8

December 29.6 12.3 NE NE/N 49 25 1.3 1.3 11.3 1.2

ANNUAL 33.9 19.6 SW/W W/NW 67 35 2.8 2.9 18.3 631.6

Note : M = Morning , E= Evening

Source : Climate of Gujarat, Government Of India; Indian Metrological Department-1995


Graph -3.1 (A) Variation of Temperature

010203040

Jan

Feb

Ma

rA

pr

Ma

yJu

nJu

lA

ug Sep

Oct

No

vD

ec

Month

Tem

pera

ture

oC

M ax. Temp

M in. Temp.

Graph -3.1 (B) Variation of Relative Humidity

0

20

40

60

80

Jan

Feb

Ma

rA

pr

Ma

yJu

nJu

lA

ug Sep

Oct

No

vD

ec

Month

Hum

idity

, %

M orn. Humidity

Eve. Humidity.

Graph–3.1(C): Variation of Average Wind Speed

0

2

4

6

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Ap

r

May Ju

n

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

No

v

Dec

Month

Avg

. Win

d Sp

eed,

m/s

ec


Graph –3.1(D): Variation of Average Rain Fall

0

50

100

150

200

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Ap

r

Ma

y

Jun

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

No

v

Dec

Month

Avg

.Rai

n fa

ll,m

m

Graph –3.1(E): Variation of Cloudiness

0369

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Ap

r

Ma

y

Jun

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

No

v

Dec

Month

Clo

udin

ess

Morn.CloudinessEve. Cloudiness.

3.4.1 Temperature

The climate of district Rajkot is characterized by a hot summer and dryness in

the non rainy seasons. The period from October to December is a one of

continuous decrease in temperatures. December is generally the coldest month

with the mean daily maximum temperature being 29.6oC & mean daily

minimum temperature is 12.3oC.

The day temperature in May is nearly as highly as in April; the maximum

temperature was observed above 41oC during the summer season as hottest

day. January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature is

28.1oC and means daily minimum temperature is observed 10.7oC.


The highest maximum temperature recorded was 47.8oC in May and lowest

minimum temperature recorded was – 0.6oC in January.

3.4.2 Humidity

Humidity is usually high during the monsoon months, generally exceeding 60

percent. Humidity decreases during the post monsoon months. The driest part of

the year is the period of December to April when the relative humidity’s are less

then 15-30 percent mainly in the afternoon period.

In the morning, Maximum relative humidity observed is 86 percent in the month

of August & minimum relative humidity observed is 49 percent in the month of

December.

In the evening, Maximum relative humidity is observed 68 percent in the month

of July and minimum relative humidity is observed 17 percent in the month of

March.

3.4.3 Cloudiness

During the southwest monsoon months, the skies are usually heavily clouded or

overcast. Cloudiness decreases during the post monsoon months. In the rest of

the year the skies are mostly clear or highly clear.

3.4.4 Wind Speed and Wind Direction

Winds blow mostly from the northwesterly direction during the May, April and

southwest monsoon season and early part of the cloud season. In October,

November and December winds are mostly from Northeast direction. In January

and February winds are again from direction between the west and northwest.

Monthly Average Maximum wind speed is observed 28.3 m/Sec in July and

minimum in November is 10.6 m/Sec.

3.4.5 Rainfall

The average rainfall in district is 631.6 mm. About 95% of annual normal rainfall is

received during the monsoon season. About 95% of the annual rainfall is


received during the southwest monsoon season i.e. from June to September,

July being the month with highest rainfall.

3.5 MICROMETEOROLOGY

Latest Micrometeorological data were collected from Indian Meteorological

Department, Ahmedabad for the study period (October 2009 to December

2009) for nearest meteorological observatory based at Rajkot approximately

22.0 km from the project site to know the prevailing meteorological conditions

with respect to wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, cloudiness &

ambient temperature.

Maximum temperature observed during the study period is 39.20oC in the month

of October where as minimum temperature observed is 11.70oC in the month of

December. Maximum wind speed observed is 36 km/hr (10.0 m/Sec) where as

average wind speed varies from 12.03 to 20.47 km/hr. (0.13-0.24 m/Sec).

Dominant wind direction of the study area observed was from northeast.

Maximum Relative humidity observed is 33.53 % where as minimum humidity

observed is 17.63 %. As the study period is October – December (winter season),

no rain fall is observed.

The three hourly meteorology data for study period is given in Table 3.6(A) &

3.6(B) and represented in Graph 3.2(A) and 3.2(B) & wind rose diagrams

indicating wind speed & direction distribution is represented in Plate - 3.4.


Table – 3.6(A): Meteorological Observations For study period

Wind Speed, km/hr.Hours of the Day Max. Min. Avg.

%Relative Humidity

CloudCover(Okta)

DominantWind

Direction

2.30 36.0 0.0 12.03 21.88 1.03 NNE

5.30 36.0 0.0 12.70 17.63 1.60 NE

8.30 36.0 0.0 11.51 33.53 1.71 E

11.30 36.0 0.0 13.63 29.12 1.51 E

14.30 36.0 0.0 18.96 19.58 1.55 NE

17.30 36.0 0.0 20.47 18.42 1.55 NE

20.30 36.0 0.0 18.86 25.41 1.00 NE

23.30 36.0 0.0 16.60 18.25 1.17 NE

Table – 3.6(B): Temperature during Study Period

Temperature, °C Month

Max. Min. Avg. October 39.20 38.30 32.8

November 22.08 14.80 11.70

December 27.45 26.37 22.70

Graph –3.2(A): Wind Speed during Study Period

0.005.00

10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.00

2.30

5.30

8.30

11.3

0

14.3

0

17.3

0

20.3

0

23.3

0

Hours of the Day

Win

d S

pee

d,k

m/h

r

Max. Avg.


Graph –3.2(B): Temperature during Study Period

0.005.00

10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.00

March april May

Month

Tem

pera

ture

in °C

Max. Min. Avg.

3.6 ATMOSPHERIC INVERSION LEVEL & MIXING HEIGHT

Nearest IMD station form the project site is Rajkot, which is about 22.0 km away

from the project site. Atmospheric inversion level is not recorded at any IMD

station in Gujarat including Rajkot. Instead of this, mixing height data has been

procured for Ahmedabad IMD station from National Data Centre, Indian

Meteorological Department, Pune for the one year. These data has been

summarized in the following Table-3.7 and used for the mathematical modeling

to calculate Ground Level Concentrations (GLC), which is discussed in the

Section – 4.3.2.


Table -3.7: Mixing Height Data for the Study AreaJan Feb March April May June Day

Of the Month MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E)

1. 286.6 1080.1 308.8 1022.9 323.1 3097.0 409.9 2599.1 194.0 3132.0 250.5 2030.3

2. 572.6 1462.2 345.0 2016.8 421.3 1027.0 214.1 2010.5 345.0 3133.9 485.8 3700.7

3. 476.1 1981.4 322.9 1046.4 574.7 986.4 259.8 2511.8 708.4 1540.5 196.3 2540.1

4. N.A. N.A. 236.4 1540.6 439.6 1131.6 513.6 1072.1 617.0 1522.2 N.A. N.A.

5. 349.7 1642.4 671.8 1496.6 551.9 1375.2 N.A. N.A. 418.4 1443.3 483.7 1510.6

6. 248.8 546.0 244.2 1448.9 223.6 1508.3 380.2 3700.9 421.9 2577.1 937.1 1936.3

7. 304.4 663.6 206.1 1560.6 206.6 2530.2 214.6 4391.7 352.6 2579.5 1402.6 2280.8

8. 368.5 1514.1 120.5 961.4 492.2 2135.4 1058.7 2640.5 493.0 3795.5 N.A. N.A.

9. N.A. N.A. 197.2 2576.7 210.3 3258.7 358.2 4382.5 296.7 3953.5 189.8 2055.1

10. 226.8 413.6 270.4 2019.4 322.6 3057.1 236.6 3725.9 222.2 3155.6 N.A. N.A.

11. 406.4 1007.0 208.1 1970.8 289.0 3157.9 322.3 3922.5 181.3 652.5 445.7 1975.3

12. 274.2 709.2 242.3 2066.3 357.4 3040.1 520.2 4421.7 194.9 3747.9 928.2 2147.1

13. 304.1 665.6 152.2 1952.7 335.7 2630.5 312.8 2021.0 608.4 1199.9 249.0 1959.3

14. 247.8 617.0 147.2 1961.6 306.3 2037.1 551.2 2126.5 669.5 3739.2 457.3 2068.2

15. 292.3 1183.5 171.0 2039.2 277.1 2581.6 N.A. N.A. 281.9 1451.0 1418.0 3129.9

16. 216.1 617.2 123.9 2116.0 515.1 3075.1 325.0 964.5 619.1 3820.1 N.A. N.A.

17. 197.8 499.3 319.0 637.0 361.2 1987.5 969.4 2074.7 572.7 4474.3 485.6 1028.0

18. 278.8 1499.9 348.7 1516.9 505.4 1980.5 1443.0 3094.4 598.4 1553.9 447.4 69.1

19. 370.4 2720.2 N.A. N.A. 376.2 2645.4 477.3 1486.4 939.7 2030.3 457.9 593.1

20. 287.2 2533.1 238.7 647.4 490.1 2974.5 330.6 2114.7 768.8 1564.6 223.6 115.9

21. 275.5 1107.7 304.3 1630.3 228.7 2595.2 290.2 2544.2 602.4 1509.6 389.1 1403.6

22. 263.2 1010.9 166.4 1589.6 406.0 2583.1 235.8 3132.0 1041.8 2000.6 225.0 996.5

23. 132.7 431.4 160.7 690.9 502.8 3268.7 244.0 2071.0 1227.6 2499.0 893.7 1611.1

24. 213.8 1455.4 168.9 977.9 324.9 2154.5 324.2 2571.9 493.2 1041.7 N.A N.A

25. 156.7 473.5 174.4 1011.7 284.4 2570.8 536.9 2509.6 757.9 2024.8 1486.0 2466.6

26. 245.5 2523.6 264.1 2014.4 343.9 3111.2 751.2 3769.6 581.9 2074.2 935.8 1975.2

27. 275.6 3092.6 261.6 1485.8 222.3 993.8 304.1 1431.4 504.0 1470.5 202.4 1491.0

28. 258.9 583.0 229.7 984.6 235.2 1486.1 230.0 3196.1 780.8 2589.9 247.5 416.6

29. 357.0 2067.4 -- -- 369.9 1994.7 524.8 4438.7 590.2 1571.2 247.9 1495.3

30. 386.4 1812.8 -- -- 601.0 2513.8 199.6 3762.5 289.9 1999.0 N.A. N.A.

31. 494.7 581.7 -- -- 266.7 2597.4 -- -- 190.3 1007.9 250.5 2030.3

*MIX(M) : Morning Mixing Height (in Meters) MIX(E) : Evening Mixing Height (in Meters)


July August September October November December Day Of the Month MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E)

1. 1384.2 2077.7 N.A. N.A. N.A N.A 586.5 1477.2 228.9 2270.4 262.7 668.8

2. 420.0 N.A 470.3 468.7 503.1 935.3 419.7 1575.2 157.1 2020.2 182.2 1016.6

3. 329.0 671.5 298.6 267.9 N.A N.A 411.1 3140.4 323.0 2711.4 N.A N.A

4. 363.7 944.2 1038.4 521.2 N.A N.A 292.9 1473.1 383.8 2556.9 177.1 740.5

5. 1368.2 1513.4 194.9 308.2 227.1 450.0 407.7 2140.7 200.9 450.9 170.8 1470.8

6. 635.6 1069.7 474.5 1423.7 226.8 988.0 332.2 964.6 N.A. N.A. 195.4 2082.9

7. 486.6 111.7 295.9 495.8 466.3 1945.8 N.A. N.A. 355.1 2590.7 192.7 1517.9

8. 470.9 22.4 465.2 1001.9 219.2 995.9 335.6 1984.3 210.0 977.0 155.8 535.2

9. 615.1 1042.9 926.8 955.7 462.5 1525.5 169.8 373.3 262.7 2554.7 213.3 1097.5

10. 941.3 429.1 N.A. N.A. 221.1 933.6 387.9 3083.8 N.A. N.A. 250.0 990.1

11. 484.3 N.A. N.A. N.A. 189.3 1066.0 394.3 3062.9 209.2 2010.1 200.7 981.5

12. N.A N.A. 524.2 1409.3 445.3 1561.4 425.2 1566.8 164.3 1543.1 164.4 492.8

13. 449.4 540.1 508.8 1460.1 514.1 1952.0 229.4 781.8 203.1 1515.2 222.2 989.7

14. 485.4 525.1 462.2 611.9 510.1 2127.0 243.4 573.5 333.8 2756.3 N.A N.A

15. 431.2 458.3 285.0 578.6 196.5 592.4 161.2 494.9 N.A N.A 225.3 514.6

16. N.A N.A 521.3 1412.2 498.4 551.4 211.7 1488.0 314.4 2007.4 237.4 995.3

17. 427.1 200.7 509.8 1040.6 191.7 1460.4 343.9 2023.2 217.7 1006.3 226.4 724.0

18. 452.9 507.8 952.9 1493.2 215.6 966.7 224.6 978.3 N.A. N.A. 296.5 1153.6

19. 510.9 517.0 426.8 1510.2 206.5 106.9 489.0 3144.4 N.A. N.A. 285.4 1197.9

20. 570.5 1076.9 285.0 464.2 199.0 54.9 191.9 522.5 288.3 1489.2 319.3 1037.0

21. N.A N.A 297.7 618.8 165.9 146.2 314.8 2504.6 163.8 1060.0 302.9 1084.0

22. 526.5 923.6 1452.3 2457.6 481.0 954.0 206.9 2620.0 213.1 1021.1 233.8 530.7

23. 961.5 411.3 1765.8 1817.9 185.4 789.4 260.1 1511.5 N.A. N.A. 272.4 1063.0

24. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 184.6 1066.9 200.4 649.6 209.8 551.7 200.4 2027.3

25. 450.6 85.5 266.5 446.1 190.3 1460.9 201.6 3211.0 367.9 1620.4 431.1 1045.1

26. 1359.0 898.8 N.A. N.A. 248.4 1456.3 166.9 3757.8 225.6 1514.3 311.2 1479.2

27. 263.0 149.3 269.7 180.9 183.8 1521.0 556.7 3199.5 152.5 476.5 374.1 1110.3

28. N.A. N.A. 515.2 940.8 236.5 1454.8 212.7 1009.0 N.A N.A 290.8 510.3

29. 438.2 150.3 261.0 486.4 184.1 450.5 216.3 457.1 213.0 1101.5 246.7 573.3

30. N.A N.A 551.2 528.2 555.3 1953.8 2623.0 2912.9 332.9 1592.4 429.3 1158.2

31. 933.5 1963.0 251.6 572.1 -- -- 350.3 2141.2 -- -- 203.0 1206.7

* MIX(M) : Morning Mixing Height (in Meters) MIX(E) : Evening Mixing Height (in Meters)

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3.7 SELECTION OF MONITORING STATIONS

The following criteria were taken into account while deciding the location for

environmental surveillance.

Topography of the study area

Regional background

Populated and sensitive areas

Predominant wind direction

Based on the above criteria, several locations were selected for the surveillance

of various environmental parameters viz. ambient air, ground water and noise.

The details of these monitoring stations are given in Table- 3.8 and location map

of the stations is depicted in Plate-3.5.

Table - 3.8: Details of Monitoring Station

StationCode Monitoring Stations Location w.r.t

Project Site Sample

Collected For* S1 Project Site ---- A, GW, N

S2 Ardoi 3.9 km @ 42 A, GW, N

S3 Hadamtala 2.3 km @ 86 A, GW, N

S4 Biliyala 4.4 km @ 186 A, GW, N

S5 Mahika Nana 5.7 km @ 241.5 A, GW, N

S6 Mahika Mota 5.1 km @ 272 A, GW, N

S7 Veri Talav 4.2 km @ 156 SW

S8 NH-8B 3.9 km @ 186 N

S9 SH-233 3.7 km @ 42 N

*Note : A – Ambient Air, GW - Ground water, SW - Surface water, N - Noise


3.8 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The ambient air quality status with respect to the specific (identified) pollutants

across the study zone of 5 km radial distance from the project site during study

period will form the base line information over which the predicted impacts due

to the proposed project can be superimposed to find out the net (final) impacts

(post-project scenario) on air environment. If the final impacts due to the

project activities are known at the planning stage of the project, a viable

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) can be prepared based on impact

assessment for the air environment. The ambient air quality monitoring was

carried out in accordance with guidelines and National Ambient Air Quality

Standards (NAAQS) of MoEF & CPCB.

3.8.1 Frequency of Sampling & Testing Procedures

All the monitoring stations were monitored twice in a week i.e. two consecutive

days in a week, throughout the monitoring duration over the period of October

2010 to December 2010 i.e. 24 samples were collected from each station based

on MoEF/CPCB guidelines. The sampling was carried out for 24 hours at each

station.

The parameters determined for each sample are:

1) Particulate Matter (PM10)

2) Sulphur Dioxide(SO2)

3) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

4) Hydrocarbon (HC)

5) Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC)

The sampling and testing of ambient air quality parameters were carried out as

per relevant parts of IS: 5182. The details of testing procedures adopted are

given in Table – 3.9.


Table – 3.9: Details of Testing Procedures

Parameter Testing Procedure

PM10 Gravimetric Method Using Respirable Dust Sampler

SO2Improved West and Gaeke method (IS:5182,Part II, R-2001)

NOx Jacob & Hochheiser modified (Na-Arsenite) Method (IS: 5182, Part VI, R-1998)

Hydrocarbon Organic Vapour Sampler with Glass Canister & Gas Chromatograph IS : 5182 (Part- XVII)-1979

VOC (Benzene)

Organic Vapour Sampler with Glass Canister & Gas Chromatograph

3.8.2 Ambient Air Monitoring Results

The summary of ambient air quality measured during study period is given in

Table-3.10 for different parameters and observed range of parameters have

been compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards given in

Annexure – XXII.


Table – 3.10: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results

Concentration ( μg/Nm3 )Parameters StationCode Min. Max. Avg. S.D 98 %tile NAAQs*

S1 60.0 80.0 67.6 5.0 79.1 100 S2 19.0 39.0 25.9 6.8 38.5 100 S3 30.0 48.0 37.9 5.1 46.6 100 S4 52.0 68.0 58.6 4.5 67.5 100 S5 41.0 57.0 48.9 5.1 56.5 100

Particulate Matter (PM10)

S6 25.0 35.0 29.1 2.8 34.5 100

S1 55.0 60.0 57.3 1.5 59.5 80 S2 20.0 28.0 24.4 2.4 28.0 80 S3 40.0 49.0 44.7 2.7 49.0 80 S4 50.0 55.0 52.7 1.7 55.0 80 S5 45.0 50.0 47.1 1.6 50.0 80

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2 )

S6 30.0 39.0 35.3 2.3 39.0 80

S1 40.0 50.0 45.5 3.6 50.0 80 S2 36.0 44.0 40.8 1.9 43.5 80 S3 22.0 37.0 30.8 4.7 37.0 80 S4 39.0 49.0 44.8 2.7 48.5 80 S5 24.0 33.0 29.5 2.8 33.0 80

Oxides Of Nitrogen

(NOx)

S6 25.0 29.0 27.1 1.4 29.0 80

VOC (Benzene) S1 1.10 3.10 1.91 0.55 3.01 5

Hydro Carbon S1 39.0 52.0 45.9 3.8 51.5 160

Concentration of VOC & HC at all other monitoring location is below detectable limit. *National Ambient Air Quality Standards published by MoEF, New Delhi vide G.S.R. 826 (E), dated 16/11/2009.


3.8.3 OBSERVATION

The maximum concentration of PM10, SO2, NOx, & VOC (Benzene) at each

ambient air monitoring locations are compared with National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (NAAQS) for industrial, residential, rural and other area. The

concentration of HC is compared with GPCB norms for Air quality Standards.

Following comments can be highlighted from the ambient air monitoring results,

1) The maximum concentration as well as 98 percentile concentration of

PM10, SO2, & NOx at Project Site (S1) is well below the NAAQS.

2) The concentration of PM10 at all monitoring locations including project site

is in the range of 25.0 – 80.0 μg/Nm3 which is well below the NAAQS.

3) The SO2 concentration at all the monitoring locations including project site

is in the range of 20.0 – 60.0 μg/Nm3 and it is well below the NAAQS.

4) The NOx at all the monitoring locations including project site is in the range

of 22.0 – 50.0 μg/Nm3. The NOx concentration all the locations are well

within the NAAQS.

5) The VOC (Benzene) concentration at project site is in the range of 1.10-

3.10 μg/Nm3 and it is well below the NAAQS. VOC at all other monitoring

location is below detectable limit.

6) HC concentration at project site is in the range of 39.0-52.0 μg/Nm3 and it

is well below the GPCB Limit. HC concentration at all monitoring location is

well below the detectable limit.

3.9 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is important for

Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take

appropriate action by maintaining ecological homeostasis in the early stages of

development of the project. Physical, chemical and biological factors

influencing water quality are so interrelated that a change in any one

parameter will change a complete network of variables. The baseline quality of

water in the region is established by analyzing the present water sources in the

study area during the study period.


3.9.1 Geo-Hydrological Status of the study area

From Geo-hydrological study of the rregion shows that surface water as well

ground water flow direction is almost from Northeast to Southwest direction.

Sub-surface Geological cross- section which was drawn in the river flow

direction in the region shows that, it comprises predominantly of sand with

presence of intervening clay layers locally at places. It has limited lateral extent.

There is no continuity of clay beds with the adjacent areas. Clays are not

perfectly impervious and therefore it does not act as a perfect confining clay

bed/layer between two aquifer systems forming confined condition. Moreover,

regional as well as local aquifers in northern and north eastern part of the

present study area are leaky aquifer. Therefore, wherever and whenever

possible, adequate care need to be taken to restrict / control leakage of

waste water, if any, from waste storage site into upper unconfined aquifer.

The presence of leaky clay layer and its limited extent is likely to enhance or

accelerate the process of direct entry of pollutant into subsurface aquifer

system, if adequate care is not taken at the time of construction of land fill

/waste storage site.

Studies on water environment aspects of ecosystem is important for

Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take

appropriate action by maintaining ecological homeostasis in the early stages

of development of the project. Physical, chemical and biological factors

influencing water quality are so interrelated that a change in any one

parameter will change a complete network of variables. The baseline quality of

water in the region is established by analyzing the present water sources in the

study area during the period.


3.9.2 Water Resources

The major source of water available in the study area is ground water. Surface

water sources are also available somewhere in the study area, however those

are non-perennial.

Surface water: Veri Talav is the surface water source in the study area and the

sample was collected once during the study period. It is approximately 4.25 km

in East direction from the project site. There are some surface water sources like

seasonal lake/village pond in the study area but none of them is perennial

source. People are using this non-perennial surface water for domestic activities

other than the drinking purpose.

Ground Water: Water samples were collected from six locations including

project site for ground and one location for surface water once during the study

period. The sampling and testing of water quality parameters were carried out

as per relevant IS: 2488 (Part I to V) ‘Methods for sampling and testing of

Industrial effluents, IS: 3025 ‘Methods for sampling and testing of water and

waste water’ and Standard Methods for Examination Of Water And Wastewater

Analysis published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

3.9.3 Water Monitoring Results

The surface and ground water quality results are depicted in Table- 3.11 which is

compared with drinking water standards IS-10500 and reproduced as Annexure

– XXIII.


Table – 3.11: Water Monitoring Results for Study AreaIS: 10500 Sr.

No. ParameterDesirable Max.

Permissible

S1 GW

S2GW

S3GW

S4GW

S5GW

S6GW

S7SW

1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 Norelaxation 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.2 7.9 7.5 7.4

2 Temperature, ˚C -- -- -- 32 35 40 38 33 32

3 Turbidity, NTU 5 10 7 5.7 5 5.8 6.4 4.6 6.7

4 Suspended Solids -- -- -- 8 10 9 7 8 11

5 Dissolved Solids 500 2000 850 790 668 890 650 710 426

6Total Hardness As CaCO3

300 600 560 534 460 539 509 396 274

7 Calcium (as Ca+2) 75 200 150 138 121 135 128 109 52

8 Magnesium (As Mg+2) 30 100 45 48 42 38 46 30 35

9 Alkalinity 200 600 50 35 32 45 36 41 20

10 Chlorides (as Cl-2) 250 1000 283 263 223 297 217 237 142

11 Sulphates (as SO4-2) 200 400 60 65 55 75 61 70 35

12 Nitrates (as NO3-) 45 100 10 15 12 18 11 14 7

13 Fluorides (as F-) 1 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2

14 Sodium (as Na) -- -- -- 75 98 65 89 102 50

15 Potassium (as K) -- -- -- 4 2 3 6 8 35

16 Iron (as Fe) 0.3 1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.05

17 Total Nitrogen -- -- 10.9 12.1 13.7 11.5 13.2 11.8 BDL

18 Phenolic Compound 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

19 COD -- -- 6 9 14 11 10 8.5 19 20 BOD -- -- 3.8 5.6 4.2 3.8 4.8 3.6 6.9

21 Chromium (as Cr+6) 0.05 No

relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

22 Copper(as Cu) 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

23 Lead (as Pb) 0.05 No

relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

24 Zinc (as Zn) 5 15 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

All units are expressed in mg/L except pH, Temperature & Turbidity BDL: Below Detectable Limit, GW: Ground Water, SW: Surface water


3.9.4 Quality of Water

The following comments are derived based on water monitoring results,

1) At the project the site the water supply will be through own bore well and

the quality of water is analyzed which shows that all the parameters are well

below the desirable limit.

2) The pH for water sample is found to be in the range of 7.2 – 7.9 during the

monitoring period, which is in the range of desirable limit.

3) The TDS concentration for ground water sample at the project site is 850

mg/L and at other than the project site is in the range of 650 – 900 mg/L and

which is higher compared to desirable level of 500 mg/L. However, the TDS

concentrations are well below the maximum permissible level of 2000 mg/L.

TDS concentration for surface water is 426 mg/L.

4) The total hardness found is in the range of 274 – 560 mg/L for water samples.

The total hardness at all the location is higher compared to desirable level of

300 mg/L but it is well within the maximum permissible level of 600 mg/L and

hence can be used for drinking purpose in absence of any other alternate

source.

5) The chloride concentration for water sample is in the range of 142 – 297

mg/L, which is well below the maximum permissible level of 1000 mg/L.

6) The Sulphate concentration for water sample is in the range of 35 – 75 mg/l

which is well within desirable limits.

7) The mineral such as iron is well below the maximum permissible limits of 1

mg/L.

8) The concentration of Phenolic compound, copper, chromium, Zinc and lead

at all the location is in the range of BDL. Hence it can be used for drinking

water in absence of alternate source of water.


3.10 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of

frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many frequency

components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range.

Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the

response of an average human being to a complex sound made up of various

frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and heavily favored

of this scale is the weighted decibel (dBA). This scale has been designed to

weigh the various components of noise according to the response of the

human ear.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on

characteristics of the noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in

nature). It is well known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one that is

continuously varying in loudness. The time of day at which noise occurs, for

example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable

because of sleep disturbance. The location of the noise source, with respect to

noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of noise

exposure. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying

from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness

of noise levels. The objective of the noise pollution survey around the project site

was to identify the existing noise sources and to measure the background noise

levels.

The noise monitoring was carried out at eight locations including six monitoring

locations (S1-S6), one location at State Highway No. 233 and one at National

Highway No. 8B to measure ambient noise levels. The monitoring was carried

out at SH and NH to find out the impact of noise due to vehicular traffic. The

noise monitoring work was carried out at the above locations, with the

monitoring frequency of once during the study period for a period of about 60

minutes during daytime and nighttime.


3.10.1 Noise Monitoring Results

The range of noise levels at various locations in the study area is given in Table-

3.12 and a noise standard recommended by CPCB and Damage risk criteria for

hearing loss given by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is

given in Annexure –XXIV.

Table – 3.12: Noise Monitoring Results for Study Area

Noise Level (dBA) Ambient Noise Standards, (dBA)*

Day Time Night Time Station Code

Name of Location

Min Max Leq Min Max Leq DayTime

Night Time Category of Area

S1 Project Site 45.0 60.0 54.5 30.0 45.0 37.5 75 70 Industrial Ares

S2 Ardoi 35.0 43.0 40.0 30.0 40.0 34.3 55 45 Residential Area

S3 Hadamtala 30.0 34.0 32.3 31.0 35.0 33.3 55 45 Residential Area

S4 Bilyala 32.0 40.0 36.3 24.0 30.0 26.8 55 45 Residential Area

S5 Mahika Nana 50.0 65.0 57.5 24.0 29.0 26.5 55 45 Residential Area

S6 Mahika Mota 43.0 59.0 49.8 23.0 27.0 25.3 55 45 Residential Area

S8 NH-8B 55.0 60.0 57.0 52.0 60.0 55.3 65 55 Commercial Area

S9 SH-233 58.0 60.0 59.3 52.0 52.0 56.0 65 55 Commercial Area

Notes:

1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 am to 10.00 pm.

2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 pm to 6.00 am.

* Ambient Noise standard published by MoEF, New Delhi vide Notification SO.123 (E) dated 14/02/2000, Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 under EPA’86

3.10.2 Comments

1) The noise levels measured at project site (S1) for daytime and nighttime

are well within the noise level standards for Industrial area.

2) The noise levels (Leq) measured at monitoring location (S2 to S6) is in the

range of 37.5-54.5 and 34.3-40.0 during daytime and nighttime

respectively which is well below the noise level standard prescribe by

CPCB.

3) The noise level (Leq) at National Highway -8B(S8) and State Highway -233

(S9) nearer to villages Bhojpara & Ardoi respectively and in the study area


of 5 Km is higher because of heavy vehicular traffic both during day and

nighttime.

4) Assessment of existing noise level within premises revealed that adequate

control measures are taken by the industries to control the noise within the

plant premises and monitoring data also shows that noise within the

industrial premise is well below compare to noise level standard given by

OSHA to avoid noise damage to workers.

3.11 LAND USE PATTERN

Land cover inventories form an essential component in land resource

evaluation and environmental studies. The pattern and transformations of land

use/land cover is more pronounced in urban areas, mining areas, along

transportation networks and many more. Land use in general, shows the human

beings activities on land, whereas the word land cover indicates the

vegetation, agricultural and artificial man made structures covering the land

surfaces.

Identification of land uses and vegetation cover, in the vicinity of any

developmental activity is one of the most important components for a rapid

environmental impact assessment, which would help determine the impact of

the project developmental activities on the land use pattern.

To determine the baseline land use pattern at and around the proposed

project site, the required data have been obtained from published government

records i.e. Census Handbook of District Rajkot (2001) issued by the State

Government covering Hadamtala Taluka.

Remote sensing data is also used to determine land use/land cover pattern in

the study area. Remote sensing method is used because of having capacity to

provide synoptic and repetitive data at different scale. It provides unique

opportunity to study the assessment of distribution and condition of land use

and land cover changes in time and at regional and macro level.


3.11.1 Land Use/ Land Cover As Per the Census Record

The major land use classification of the study area is placed into forest, irrigated

by source, unirrigated land, cultivable wasteland and area not available for

cultivation. The land use pattern of the study area is as given in Table – 3.13 and

graphical presentation is shown in Graph – 3.3.

Table – 3.13: Land Use Pattern of the Study AreaArea under Different Types of Land use in Hacters

Taluka Villages

Fore

st A

rea

Irrig

ated

by

sour

ce

Unirr

igat

ed

Cul

tura

ble

Was

te

Are

a no

t av

aila

ble

for

culti

vatio

n

Tota

l Are

a

Gundasara 0.00 148.10 888.60 109.80 74.30 1,220.8 Ribda 0.00 46.10 997.30 94.30 59.20 1,196.9

Rib 0.00 75.00 460.60 172.50 326.00 1,034.1 Mungavavdi 8.10 220.10 5849.40 550.90 26.00 6,654.5

Daliya 0.00 610.20 397.50 91.10 11.50 1,110.3 Valadhari 121.30 414.00 325.70 163.60 2.60 1,027.2 Pipaliya 4.00 33.20 567.30 195.50 15.70 815.7 Bharudi 0.00 18.00 489.70 53.20 142.80 703.7

Mahika Mota 0.00 43.20 503.40 0.00 98.90 645.5 Bhunava 0.00 74.10 652.90 87.90 3.00 817.9

Sindhavadar 0.00 24.00 391.70 26.40 129.00 571.1 Lunivav 0.00 947.80 114.00 120.30 5.60 1,187.7

Mahika Nana 0.00 164.70 343.10 51.70 88.20 647.7 Biliyala 0.00 200.70 557.90 80.00 53.80 892.4

Umvada Mota 0.00 149.30 654.50 60.50 0.00 864.3 Nagadka 14.70 7.40 411.90 7.80 68.40 510.2 Bhojpara 17.80 52.60 284.50 176.00 321.40 852.3 Shemla 0.00 243.20 490.20 52.80 146.20 932.4

Gon

dal

Pachiyavadar 0.00 105.70 445.20 0.00 73.40 624.3 Khareda 0.00 568.40 164.60 177.50 33.10 943.6 Rajgadh 0.00 410.60 290.20 63.20 5.70 769.7

Kotda Sangani 47.40 686.40 422.20 817.10 167.60 2,140.7 Soliya 0.00 270.20 252.40 63.00 117.30 702.9

Naranka 215.10 255.00 294.30 113.20 6.30 883.9 Ardoi 0.00 419.70 1770.60 401.00 80.20 2,671.5

Hadamtala 0.00 191.90 241.90 80.00 346.20 860.0 Kotd

a Sa

ngan

i

Anandpar 0.00 80.00 333.30 33.00 139.30 585.6 Total 428.4 6459.6 18594.9 3842.3 2541.7 31866.9

Percentage 1.34 20.27 58.35 12.06 7.98 100.0


Graph 3.3 Land Use Pattern (0-10 km)

Area not available

for Cultivation,

7.08%Cultivable

waste, 12.13%

Unirrigated,59.19%

Irrigated bySource, 20.21%

Forest Area,1.38%

3.11.2 Land Use/ Land Cover as per Remote sensing data

Land use and land cover information of the study area of 10 km around the

proposed site and surrounding in Kotda Sanghani Taluka, district of Rajkot, has

been mapped using the digital data dated 2nd Nov. 2007 of IRS P6 LISS IV MX

sensor of the IRS series of satellite having resolution of 5.8 meter. Various major

categories like built up land, agriculture, wasteland, water body, etc were

identified and mapped. Data has been corrected geometrically and

radiometrically and this corrected data has been used for classifying the image.

The land use/ land cover statistics is shown in Table – 3.14. The satellite image of

land use/ land cover is given in Drawing 3.1(A) and its interpretation is given in

Drawing 3.1(B).


Drawing 3.1 (A) : Satellite Image Within 10 Km Radial Distance From Project Site

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Table – 3.14 : Land Use Pattern as per Remote Sensing Data

Sr.No. Category Particular Area, Ha. % of total

AreaBuilt – up residential 1078.73 2.38 1. Build up Land

Built – up industrial 952.54 2.11

Crop 18111.42 40.04 2. Agriculture land

Fallow 16250.14 35.93

Open scrub 7356.99 16.27 3. Wastelands

Dense Scrub 250.47 0.55

Water body 907.01 2.01 4. Water bodies

River 322.9 0.71

Total 45230.21 100

3.11.3 Cropping Pattern

The cropping pattern in the study area can be analyzed by the data of

cultivation pattern in Rajkot district. The crop calendar for different crops in the

district is given in Table – 3.15.

Table – 3.15: Details of Crops Cultivated in Study AreaD: Rajkot

Area ( In’ 00 Hectares) 2001 Census Sr.No.

Crop

1993 - 94 1997 - 98 1. Wheat 157 430

2. Chillies 19 17

3. Sugarcane 13 8

4. Other Food crops 180 397

5. Cotton 562 1045

6. Grass (Fodder) 59 87

7. Other nonfood crops 153 174

3.11.4 Observations

The distribution of land within 10 km radius of the project site constitutes of

Irrigated land (20.27%), unirrigated land (58.35 %), Cultivable waste (12.06 %)


and area not available for cultivation (7.98%) and forest land (1.34 %). There is

No reserved forest within 10 km area of the project site.

The major land area of @ 78.39 % is Unirrigated, cultivable and area not

available for cultivation, so people of the study area depend on industrial

activities for their livelihood.

The forest land as per the census record is negligible. As per remote sensing

data agriculture land is @ 75.97% out of which fallow land is 35.93% and as per

the census record agriculture land is only @ 20.27%. Moreover, the land is not

enough / suitable for the agricultural activity. So the proposed industrial activity

will boost up the socio – economic activity of the area.

3.12 ECOLOGY

Producer, consumer and decomposer govern whole cycle of ecology. Plant

and animal both are interdependent to each other. Producer is necessary for

each consumer. Plant plays their role in ecology as producer. Plant, animals

and microorganism together with the environment in which they live make of

an independent unit called the Eco system.

Ecology in essence is the study of the living and non-living components,

interaction of community and the environment and exchange of material

(energy and nutrient) between living and non-living parts. A community

includes all organisms in the given area interacting with the abiotic

environment. Due to the geographic location and climatic conditions of

Gujarat, flora and fauna are not monotonous in nature.

3.12.1 Flora

A floral enlistment of trees, shrub & climbers, herbs with their scientific names,

common names and the family to which they belong are presented in a

tabular format as Table- 3.16 and details of rare and endangered flora species

is given in Table 3.17.


Table- 3.16: Floral Species In Rajkot District

Sr.No Botanical Name Common Name Family

1 Acacia senegal Ghorad -

2 Acacia nilotica Babul Mimosaceae

3 Acacia leucophloea Hermo -

4 Zyziphus sp. Bor Rhamnaceae

5 Boswellia serrata Salad -

6 Wrightia tinctoria Kudi -

7 Commiphora wightii Gugal -

8 Balanites aegyptica Ingoriyo Balanitaceae

9 Sterculia urens Kadaya -

10 Tectona grandis Sisam Fabaceae

11 Butea monosperma Khakhra -

12 Aristida adscensionis Grass -

13 Tetrapogon tenellus Grass -

14 Eremopogon foveolatus Grass -

15 Eragrostis tenella Grass -

Table- 3.17: Rare and Endangered Floral Species In Rajkot District

Sr. No Family Botanical Name Common Name

1. Asteraceae Helichrysum cutchicum -

2. Liliaceae Gloriosa superba Malabar Glory Lily

3. - Nervilia aragoana -

4. Cucrbitaceae Citrullus colocynthis Bitter apple

5. Arecaceae Hyphaene dichotoma -

6. Burseraceae Commiphora wightii -

7. Convolvulaceae Convolvulus stocksii -

8. Boraginaceae Heliotropium bacciferum var. suberosum -


3.12.2 Fauna

The area supports varied habitats viz. open space, scrub-land, agricultural fields,

wetlands and human settlements. A faunal enlisting of birds & mammals with

their scientific names and common names is presented in Table-3.18 and details

of Rare and endangered species of fauna are given in Table-3.19.

Table – 3.18: Faunal Species in the Rajkot District

No Scientific Name CommonName Family

Status in Schedule of

Wildlife Protection Act

1 Vulpes benghalensis Fox Canidae II 2 Canis aureus Jackal Canidae II 3 Boselaphus

tragocamalus Blue bull III

4 Hyaena hyaena Hyenas Hyaenidae III 5 Sus scrofa Wild Boar III 6 Felis chaus Jungle cat Felidae – 7 Viverricula indica Civet Viverridal II 8 Herpestes

auropunctatus Mongoose Herpestidae IV

9 Lepus nigricollis Hare -10 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard - 11 Varanus griseus Indian monitor Varanidae - 12 Pytas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae II 13 Vipera russelli Viper II 14 Prinia sp. Warbler Muscicapidae - 15 Lanius sp. Shrieks Laniidae - 16 Streptopelia sp. Doves Columbidae - 17 Pycnonotus sp. Bulbul -

18 Patronia xanthocollis Yellow

throatedsparrow

Plocidae -

19 Astrilda sp. Munia Plocidae - 20 Drycopus javensis Woodpecker Picidae - 21 Tephrodornis

pondicerianus Flycatcher Campephagi

dae-

Source: EIC- New Delhi


Table – 3.19: Rare and Endangered Faunal Species in the Rajkot District

No Scientific Name Common Name 1. Manis crassicaudata Gray Desert; Monitor 2. Varanus griseus Rusty Spotted 3. Felis rubiginosa Geoffroy Long-Eared Hedgehog 4. Hemiechinus auritus(Gmelin) Ratel or Honey BadgerS 5. Mellivora capensis(Schreber) Dalmatian Pelican 6. Pelecanus philippensis crispus Porbandar Saline Gecko 7. Hemidactylus porbandarensis Lined Supple Skink 8. Lygosoma lineata --

3.12.3 Observations

The details of flora and fauna species in the district, which has been collected

and depicted in the above tables, indicate that there are few rare and

endangered floral and faunal species found in the study area.

3.13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The assessment of socio economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA

study. This section includes the present status of the socio-economic

environment in the study area. To determine the baseline socio-economic

pattern, at and around the project site, the required data have been obtained

from Published data i.e. District Census Handbook of District Rajkot; issued by

the State Government covering Taluka Gondal, and Kotda sangani.

Socio-economic base line data were collected for the following four major

indicators:

1) Demographic Structure (District Census Handbook, 2001)

2) Economic Structure (District Census CD, 2001)

3) Availability of Basic Amenities (District Census Handbook, 1991)

The major demographic and economic structure classification of the remaining

study area is placed into Population, Literacy Rate and workers details.


3.13.1 Demographic Structure

The population details and literacy rate of villages of the study area has been

given in Table-3.20 & Table-3.21 respectively. The population pattern and

literacy rate are shown in Graph – 3.4 (A) & (B) respectively.

Table - 3.20: Details of Population

Population

Talu

ka Villages House-hold Male Female Total

Area (ha)

Area(km2)

Popn

Density Per km2

Gundasara 301 837 812 1649 1,220.80 12.21 135.08 Ribda 262 781 705 1486 1,196.90 11.97 124.15

Rib 224 633 621 1254 1,034.10 10.34 121.26 Mungavavdi 163 484 473 957 749.00 7.49 127.77

Daliya 321 925 935 1860 1,110.10 11.10 167.55

Valadhari 235 593 592 1185 1,027.30 10.27 115.35

Pipaliya 228 652 586 1238 815.60 8.16 151.79

Bharudi 209 574 533 1107 703.70 7.04 157.31

Mahika Mota 234 625 623 1248 645.50 6.46 193.34

Bhunava 202 557 524 1081 817.90 8.18 132.17

Sindhavadar 97 295 264 559 571.10 5.71 97.88

Lunivav 307 797 693 1490 1,187.70 11.88 125.45 Mahika Nana 152 433 421 854 647.70 6.48 131.85

Biliyala 269 832 773 1605 892.40 8.92 179.85 Umvada Mota 204 637 586 1223 864.20 8.64 141.52

Nagadka 114 412 367 779 510.20 5.10 152.69 Bhojpara 188 512 463 975 852.30 8.52 114.40

Shemla 245 772 717 1489 932.50 9.33 159.68

Gon

dal

Pachiyavadar 98 321 312 633 624.30 6.24 101.39 Khareda 328 968 932 1900 943.50 9.44 201.38 Rajgadh 209 554 575 1129 769.70 7.70 146.68

Kotda Sangani 1504 4011 3821 7832 2,322.60 23.23 337.21 Soliya 185 541 498 1039 702.90 7.03 147.82

Naranka 159 465 451 916 883.90 8.84 103.63 Ardoi 575 1614 1489 3103 2,671.60 26.72 116.15 Ko

tda

Sang

ani

Anandpar 192 602 547 1149 1,132.70 11.33 101.44 Total 7314 20783 19691 40474 26415.8 264.16 153.22

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050100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Gundasara

Ribda

Rib

Mungavavdi

Daliya

Valadhari

Pipaliya

Bharudi

Mahika Mota

Bhunava

Sindhavadar

Lunivav

Mahika Nana

Biliyala

Umvada

Nagadka

Bhojpara

Shemla

Pachiyavadar

Khareda

Rajgadh

Kotda

Soliya

Naranka

Ardoi

Hadamtala

Anandpar

Population Density (per sq.Km.)


Table - 3.21: Details of Literates in the Study Area

LiteratesTaluka Villages Total Popn

Male Female Total LiteracyRate %

Gundasara 1649 581 486 1067 73.50 Ribda 1486 561 415 976 74.70

Rib 1254 400 323 723 67.50

Mungavavdi 957 355 270 625 75.00 Daliya 1860 683 552 1235 76.30

Valadhari 1185 389 300 689 66.60 Pipaliya 1238 470 332 802 73.60 Bharudi 1107 385 257 642 67.50

Mahika Mota 1248 446 341 787 71.30 Bhunava 1081 408 305 713 75.80

Sindhavadar 559 196 119 315 68.30 Lunivav 1490 569 421 990 76.40

Mahika Nana 854 549 305 854 73.70

Biliyala 1605 625 498 1123 83.00

Umvada Mota 1223 389 265 654 66.30 Nagadka 779 308 224 532 77.40

Bhojpara 975 339 229 568 68.80

Shemla 1489 464 375 839 64.90

Gon

dal

Pachiyavadar 633 251 246 497 88.80 Khareda 1900 645 485 1130 70.30 Rajgadh 1129 416 360 776 77.00

Kotda Sangani 7832 2741 2089 4830 71.80Soliya 1039 379 284 663 73.80

Naranka 916 322 190 512 67.50Ardoi 3103 1139 844 1983 73.80

Hadamtala 1149 602 547 1149 75.60

Kotd

a Sa

ngan

i

Anandpar 734 184 120 304 49.50Total 40474 14796 11182 25978 72.17

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BiliyalaUmvada

MotaNagadka

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Khareda

RajgadhKotda

SanganiSoliya

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Anandpar

Literacy Rate(%)


3.13.2 Economic Structure

Economic aspects of the study area include the economical structure of the

people of the surrounding area. It can be predicted that economic structure of

the study area will be improved with time, because it consists large industrial

area and hence there are more employment opportunities. The geographical

location, natural resources, business and employment, industries and

manpower play vital role in the economic development of any region. The

population can be divided into two groups in terms of employment:

Workers and

Non-workers.

Workers are further categorized into Main workers and Marginal workers.

Main worker: A person who has worked last year for six months or more.

Marginal worker: A person who has worked last year for less than six months.

Non-worker: A worker who did not work at all during the reference period of

one year.

Distribution of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers of total

population is presented in Table - 3.22 (A) and % distribution of each category is

shown in Graph - 3.5(A).


Table – 3.22(A) Distributions of Workers in the Study Area

Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers

Talu

ka

Village Popn

Total % Total % Total %

Employment Ratio

(%)

Gundasara 1649 625 37.9 27 1.6 997 60.5 39.5

Ribda 1486 584 39.3 49 3.3 853 57.4 42.6Rib 1254 409 32.6 56 4.5 789 62.9 37.1

Mungavavdi 957 399 41.7 87 9.1 471 49.2 50.8Daliya 1860 845 45.4 1 0.1 1014 54.5 45.5

Valadhari 1185 669 56.5 7 0.6 509 43.0 57.0Pipaliya 1238 498 40.2 22 1.8 718 58.0 42.0Bharudi 1107 597 53.9 90 8.1 420 37.9 62.1

Mahika Mota 1248 702 56.3 15 1.2 531 42.5 57.5Bhunava 1081 503 46.5 69 6.4 509 47.1 52.9

Sindhavadar 559 265 47.4 21 3.8 273 48.8 51.2Lunivav 1490 674 45.2 80 5.4 736 49.4 50.6

Mahika Nana 854 342 40.0 66 7.7 446 52.2 47.8Biliyala 1605 774 48.2 63 3.9 768 47.9 52.1

Umvada Mota 1223 342 28.0 125 10.2 756 61.8 38.2Nagadka 779 407 52.2 0 0.0 372 47.8 52.2

Bhojpara 975 502 51.5 4 0.4 469 48.1 51.9

Shemla 1489 509 34.2 284 19.1 696 46.7 53.3

Gon

dal

Pachiyavadar 633 167 26.4 2 0.3 464 73.3 26.7Khareda 1129 486 43.0 126 11.2 517 45.8 54.2Rajgadh 7832 3054 39.0 443 5.7 4335 55.3 44.7

KotdaSangani 1039 502 48.3 26 2.5 511 49.2 50.8

Soliya 916 540 59.0 0 0.0 376 41.0 59.0Naranka 3103 1512 48.7 161 5.2 1430 46.1 53.9

Ardoi 1149 500 43.5 7 0.6 642 55.9 44.1

Kotd

a Sa

ngan

i

Anandpar 734 442 60.2 0 0.0 292 39.8 60.2 Total 40474 17474 43.17 2209 5.5 20791 51.37 49.28


Graph.3.5(A):Distribution of workers and non-workers

Main Workers43.16%

Marginal Workers5.6%

Non Workers51.24%

Main workers and marginal workers can be divided into further four categories:

Cultivators

Agricultural labors

Household industry

Other workers

Cultivator: A person who has been engaged either as an employer, single

worker or family worker in cultivation of under noted crops on land owned or

held from Government or private persons or institutions for payment in money,

kind or share in cultivation including supervision of direction of cultivation.

Agricultural labors: A person who works in another person’s land for wages in

cash/kind or share crop is regarded as an Agricultural laborer.

Household industry: An industry conducted by one or more members of the

household at home or within the village in rural areas and within the precincts of

the houses where the household lives in urban areas. It should b smaller than the

scale of a registered factory and should be engaged in manufacturing,

processing, servicing and repairs of goods.

Other Workers: All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some

economic activity during the last one year, but are not cultivators or agricultural

laborers or in Household Industry, are 'Other Workers (OW)'. The type of workers

that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants,

municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those


engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction,

political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those

workers other than cultivators or agricultural laborers or household industry

workers are 'Other Workers'. Distribution of main workers and marginal workers in

sub categories is presented in Table-3.22(B) and % distribution of each category

is shown in Graph – 3.5(B).

Table – 3.22(B) Distributions of Workers in each category

Main Workers Marginal Workers

Talu

ka

Village

Cul

tivat

ors

Agr

icul

tura

l la

bour

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dust

ry

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ers

Gundasara 372 27 6 220 15 12 0 0 Ribda 312 74 5 193 24 10 1 14

Rib 281 71 2 55 38 13 0 5 Mungavavdi 194 118 7 80 19 14 5 49

Daliya 500 253 19 73 0 1 0 0 Valadhari 398 113 28 130 0 1 1 5 Pipaliya 245 30 5 218 5 6 1 10 Bharudi 402 116 2 77 64 25 1 0

Mahika Mota 436 140 1 125 12 2 0 1 Bhunava 268 67 5 163 11 54 2 2

Sindhavadar 98 128 0 39 3 18 0 0

Lunivav 412 110 46 106 10 45 18 7 Mahika Nana 239 58 0 46 52 11 0 3

Biliyala 375 278 3 118 49 8 3 3 Umvada Mota 178 73 4 87 28 57 2 38

Nagadka 280 25 0 102 0 0 0 0 Bhojpara 141 217 5 139 0 1 1 2 Shemla 258 113 10 128 180 100 2 2

Gon

dal

Pachiyavadar 103 63 0 1 1 1 0 0 Khareda 300 116 1 208 180 159 3 36Rajgadh 313 55 16 102 80 34 0 12

Kotda Sangani 941 787 37 1289 124 256 9 54Soliya 303 113 4 82 17 7 1 1

Naranka 400 74 0 66 0 0 0 0Ardoi 990 253 25 244 106 47 2 6Ko

tda

Sang

ani

Anandpar 254 180 0 8 0 0 0 0 Total 9230 3775 231 4239 1018 888 52 251

% with ref. To population 22.80 9.33 0.57 10.47 2.52 2.19 0.13 0.62


Graph.3.5(B):Distribution of workers in categories

Cultivators, 52%

Agricultural Labours, 23%

House hold Industries, 1%

Others, 24%

3.13.3 Comments

The 51.37% of the total population in the study area are non-workers. So,

proposed project will increase the employment opportunity for the people in

the study area and which will also boost up the socio-economic status.

3.13.4 Availability of Basic Amenities

The basic amenities available in study area with reference to education,

medical, water resources, post and telegraph, communication, power supply is


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________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environment Impact Assessment Report Page : 55 of 56 Chapter 3 Baseline Environmental Status

List of Abbreviations Education Medical

P Primary or Elementary school CWC Chief Welfare Center C College PHS Primary Health Sub-Center S Secondary School PHC Public Health Center

PUC Senior Secondary School TB T.B. Clinic TR Training School O Others

Post & Telegraph RMP Register Private medical Practitioner

PTO Post & Telegraph office HC Health Center

PO Post Office CHW Community Health Worker / Health Worker

PH Telephone connection H Hospital

TO Telegraph office MCW Maternity & Child Welfare Centre

Drinking Water FWC Family Welfare Center` T Tap Water News Paper, MagazineW Well Water N Newspaper TK Tank Water M Magazine O Others CommunicationC Canal BS Bus

TW Tube well Water RS Railway Station HP Hand Pump Approach to Village

Power Supply PR Pucca Road EA Electricity for all purpose MR Mud Road

FP Foot Path

3.13.5 Observations

There are Twenty Six villages within study area of 10-km radius from the center of

cluster. Significant observations with respect to socio-economic environment of

the study area is depicted below,

1) The data shows wide variation in the population of the study area. From

the Table – 3.22(A) it is seen that eight villages have population less than

1000, Kotada Sanghani has maximum population i.e. 7832 while for the

other villages the population ranges from 1039 to 3103.

2) The literacy rate for the study area is 72.17%. The overall literacy is

highest in Pachiyavadar village (88.80 %) whereas it is lowest in village

Anandpar (49.50 %).

3) The details of workers in the study area indicate that 23.69 % of the

population is engaged in agricultural activity, 1.44 % of the people are

________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environment Impact Assessment Report Page : 56 of 56 Chapter 3 Baseline Environmental Status

engage in household industrial activity, while 52.06 % of people are

engaged in cultivation and 22.81 % of people are engaged in other

occupation.

4) All villages of the study area have primary school and college.

5) The brief summary of medical facilities available in study area is given as

under,

Maternity & Child Welfare Centre 26

Primary Health Sub-Center 11

Public Health Center 26

Community Health Worker / Health Worker 8

Hospital 27

Family Welfare Center 4

Registered Private Medical Practitioner 3

6) In the study area drinking water facility is good as well water, tube well

water, canal water and hand pump is available almost in all the villages.

7) Post office facility and telephone connection is available in all villages.

8) In the study all the villages are well connected through a network of Pucca

road.

9) Bus and railway station is the main mode of transportation in all villages of

the study area.

10) The electricity is available in all the villages of study area.

CHAPTER – 4

IDENTIFICATION

AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT

________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page : 1 of 32 Chapter-4 Environmental Impact Assessment

CHAPTER-4 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT

4.1 PROLOGUE

Impact Identification and prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental

consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its alternatives.

Several techniques and methodologies are in vogue for predicting anticipated

impacts due to projects on natural and social aspects of the environment.

These predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of the

environment to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. These

Conditions are then subsequently evaluated for acceptability by screening

them against standards. Based on results of prediction and evaluation, pollution

abatement and control measures in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on

the environment are delineated in an Environmental Management Plan for

further implementation during the construction and commissioning of the

project activities, as well as during the operational phase.

The detailed list of activities described in this report have been taken into

consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect network, for

identification & prediction of the environmental impacts that would be

stimulated by the proposed activity.

Prediction involves determination of the nature and extent of the probable

impacts due to the proposed activities or the actions involved in the project.

Here it is determined, whether the likely environmental impacts are

Beneficial or Adverse

Long term or Short term

Permanent or Temporary

Caused or Induced

Primary / Secondary / Tertiary

Reversible or Irreversible

Site specific or Project specific


The overall environmental impact is divided into two categories during

Construction Phase and Operation Phase. The environmental impact

assessment is accomplished in three stage actions viz. identification, prediction

and evaluation.

The following project related activities identified as sources having potential to

cause impact upon various environmental attributes;

Transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products

Manufacturing process (Emission of liquid effluent, off-gases from stack,

generation of Hazardous waste and Noise)

Consumption of resources

Emergencies or disaster

Breakdown of critical systems

Maintenance activity

Green Belt Development

The prediction and assessment of impact has been based on the following

data, which has been collected from the industry, concerned agencies or

generated on the basis of the field monitoring:

1. Environmental pollution potential from the proposed project : Collected data from

industry

2. Meteorological data during study period : Collected from Indian

Meteorological Department (IMD)

3. Baseline environmental quality status at project site and within the study area of 5km radius from project site with respect to air environment

: Monitored data

Potential impacts of the project on the various environmental components or

parameters given below are predicted.

Water Environment

Air Environment

Land Environment


Noise Environment

Ecology

Aesthetics

Socio Economic Environment

The identification of environmental impacts has been made, based on the

understanding of cause-condition-effect relationship between an activity and

the impact component. The following activities identified as sources having

potential to cause impact upon various environmental parameters due to

proposed expansion project during the operation phase are given in Table – 4.1

(A) and Table-4.1(B).

Table – 4.1(A) Type of Activities and Impact during Construction Phase

Sr.No. Type of Activities Potential Impacts

1. Level and Road Laying Dust emission, Soil Compaction, Change in traffic pattern

2. Earthwork comprising of excavation, grading, trenching

Increase in erosion, soil compaction, increase in transport facilities; increase in employment

3. Foundation Work Dust emission, Noise, Decrease in water table

4. Mechanical erection Generation of noise

Table – 4.1(B) Type of Activities and Impact during Operation Phase

Sr.No. Type of Activities Potential Impacts

1. Trial runs and manufacturing activities

Gaseous emission, Increase in vehicular traffic, Increases in employment.

2. Material Handling Increase in Noise level, visual impact, Dust emission

3. Utilities Increase in traffic, Increases in Services, Gaseous Emission and effluent generation.

4. Green Belt Development Decrease in run off, increase in ground water table.


The identification based on this is helpful in recognizing series of impact that

would be triggered by the proposed activities.

4.2 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is an existing unit and situated in the Hadamtala

industrial area. They are planning to augment production capacity of plant

within the existing premises; therefore minor construction activity will be carried

out. Also the expansion activity is to be undertaken progressively; the time

period of the construction activities will be elongated. Thus, the impact due to

new construction activity will be negligible and for short term. However,

appropriate care will be taken to minimize the negative impacts if any to the

environment.

4.2.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water requirement for construction phase will be very minor and for short

period. Water requirement will be fulfilled by own bore well. Thus, there will

not be any impact on availability of ground water during this stage.

The wastewater generating will be only from the domestic activities; which

will be disposed into soak pit through septic tank.

4.2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The major construction activities from which air emission may occur are;

excavation, loading and unloading of material etc. Following mitigation

measures are proposed to minimize the air pollution during the construction

stage.

Water will be sprayed for dust suppression.

The sand and other such dispersible material will be stored at site for

minimum working period.

The equipment design will be chosen for least suspension of dust/sand into

atmosphere.

The construction activity will be carried out during day time only.

The emissions are temporary and not expected to contribute significantly to


the ambient air quality and will be within prescribed limits for industrial

regions by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

4.2.3 LAND AND SOIL ENVIRONMENT

The project site is located in industrial area of Hadmtala; there will not be

any significant topographical change.

The construction activity will help in fixation of soil, thereby reducing the soil

erosion.

Some construction activities will disturb the soil profile but that will be

temporary and have insignificant impact.

4.2.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The noise generated from construction machinery will be kept low by

keeping the moving parts serviced and properly lubricated.

The noise impacts will be local; limited to the premises and very short – term.

4.2.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

During the constriction activities, there will be positive impact on the socio –

economic environment, as it will generate employment for the local people.

4.3 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE

4.3.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT

With respect to water environment; three aspects are generally considered in

REIA, availability and consumption of Fresh water, Wastewater generation and

its disposal.

A) FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION

The existing fresh water consumption including gardening and domestic is @

23.4 KL/day which will increase up to 61.4 KL/day after proposed expansion.

Thus, additional water required after proposed expansion is 38.0 KL/day, which

will be met through their own bore well.

Since, the unit falls under Semi critical zone and water requirement of the plant

does not exceed the limit of 100 KL/day, as per CGWA guidelines it is not


mandatory for the unit to obtain permission from CGWA for the abstraction of

ground water.

Moreover, the unit will design and implement the rainwater harvesting system to

recharge the ground water, which will create positive impact to the water

environment.

Hence, there will be not being any adverse impact on ground water due to

water consumption for proposed project.

B) WASTE LOAD GENERATION

The existing industrial waste water generation is 6.3 KL/Day. After proposed

expansion the industrial waste water generation will increase up to 71.8

KL/Day. Thus, additional industrial wastewater generation after proposed

expansion will be 65.5 KL/Day.

There will be increase in the domestic effluent generation from 2.0 KL/day to

6.0 KL/day after proposed expansion.

C) DISPOSAL OF EFFLUENT

Presently, the entire wastewater generated during industrial activity is taken

to own effluent treatment plant comprising of primary treatment units where

waste water is treated through physico chemical treatment. Entire treated

waste water is further passed through MEE followed by Thin Film Dryer. Finally,

evaporated and condensed water is reuse as boiler feed water & in process

also.

Total quantity of wastewater generated after proposed expansion will be

treated in proposed ETP having treatment capacity of 75 KL/Day along with

the additional multiple effect evaporator and thin film dryer. Finally,

evaporated and condensed water will be reused as boiler feed water & in

process. Thus, there will be a Zero Effluent Discharge from the unit.

Domestic wastewater is sent to septic tank and finally disposed in to soak pit

and same practice will be continued after the proposed expansion.


Thus, wastewater management system proposed, by the unit will be

adequate. There will not be any impact on ground water environment as no

effluent disposal from proposed expansion.

4.3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

A) IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS

As the proposed will be expansion in the existing product capacity along

with the introduction of some new products of the same category, the

source of the air pollution will remain same after proposed expansion. Only

quantity of gaseous pollutants will increase.

The main source of air pollution will be flue gas emission from the stack

attached to steam boiler, thermic fluid heater & D. G. Set. The significant

pollutants identified due to flue gas emissions are PM (PM10 & PM2.5), NOx

and SO2.

There will be process gas emission and the significant pollutants identified are

SO2, HCl, HBr and Ammonia.

There will be very negligible chances of fugitive emission due to

manufacturing activities and fuel, raw material & products handing and

transportation.

B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT

Unit has switched over to agricultural waste to be used as fuel in steam boiler

and thermic fluid heater.

Since, agricultural waste is used as fuel in the steam boiler and Thermic fluid

heater; the unit has provided separate Cyclone Separator attached to the

each Boilers and thermic fluid heater as an APCM.

Adequate stack height of 31 m is provided for proper dispersion of pollutant

to the each stack of boiler & thermic fluid heater.

Adequate scrubbing system is provided for the control of process gas

emission which will also be expanded during expansion, so it will remains well

within gaseous emission norms prescribed by the GPCB/CPCB.


Adequate stack height as per the gases content at the various emissions is

provided for the proper dispersion of pollutant as per CPCB guidelines.

Impact of a source or a group of sources on air quality is evaluated using

mathematical models. The model stimulates the relationships between air

pollutants emitted from the source and their impact on surrounding air quality.

The air quality model is prepared based on the stack details and

meteorological data.

The mathematical model based on Gaussian theory, a computer based version

ISCST3, was used to calculate Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) as a function

of wind speed, direction and stability class. The GLC for the parameters like

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx as emitted from the stacks attached to steam boiler

and Thermic Fluid Heater and parameter like HCl, HBr, NH3 & SO2 as emitted

from the stack attached to scrubber have been predicted using above

mathematical model.

The likely impacts on air have been studied based on following assumptions,

1. PM(PM10 & PM2.5), NOx & SO2 likely to be emitted from steam boiler & TFH

and HCl, HBr, NH3 & SO2 emitted from the process stack attached to

scrubber were calculated.

2. Maximum possible computed emission at full capacity utilization,

The following methodology is adopted for the prediction based on above

model.

1. Input Parameters

The input parameters for the preparation of mathematical model consist of

Meteorological Data viz. ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction etc.

and potential of the air pollutants viz, physical stack height, inner diameter of

the stack at exit, stack emission, flue gas temperature, flue gas velocity etc. The

details of all the in put parameters are discussed here below.


Micrometeorological Data

Micrometeorological data required for the mathematical modeling were

collected for the site and the details of which are discussed and elaborated in

Section 3.5 of Chapter - 3 in earlier part of this report.

Potential of the Air Pollutants

The probable sources of air pollution are separate flue gas emission and process

gas emission stacks. The detail stack emissions likely to occur due to proposed

project and considered for the processing of mathematical model are given in

Table - 4.2.

2. The Receptor Area

The baseline ambient air quality monitoring stations are selected as

receptor area to evaluate the impact of air pollutants from the source and

eventually to find out resultant ambient air quality at above location.

The receptor locations in uniform polar grid within 5 Km with flow vector of

22.5 degree (sixteen directions) and 10 polar rings i.e. radial distance at 0.5

km increment from source is selected.

3. Model Output

The output of the model consists of ground level concentration at various

distances and direction from the source. The first three highest 24 hour average

ground level concentration value for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HCl, HBr and NH3 is

given in Table – 4.3 (A & B) and the first highest 24 hourly average ground level

concentration value for various parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HCl, HBr

and NH3 at the ambient air quality monitoring stations are given in Table-4.4.


Table – 4.2: Details of Stacks emission due to proposed project

Particular / Detail Unit Value

Source Attached To -- Steam boiler

& Thrmic fluid heater

APCM-2 APCM-3

Stack / Release Height m 31 15 12

Stack Inside Diameter m 0.45 0.05 0.025

Cross Sectional Area of Stack m2 0.1590 0.0020 0.0005

Gas Exit Temperature Deg. C 160 35 35

Gas Exit Velocity m/sec 3 4 2

m3/sec 0.477 0.008 0.001 Gas Exit Flow Rate

Nm3/Sec 0.328 0.008 0.001

Concentration of Pollutant Discaharge

a) PM 150.0 -- --

Particulate Matter (PM10) 75.0 -- --

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 37.5 -- --

b) SOx 261.2 40.0 --

c) NOx 9.4 -- --

d) HCl -- 20.0 --

e) HBr -- 30.0 --

f) NH3

mg/Nm3

-- -- 175.0

Load of Pollutant Discharge

a) PM 0.049 -- --

Particulate Matter (PM10) 0.025 -- --

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 0.012 -- --

b) SOx 0.086 0.00030 --

c) NOx 0.003 -- --

d) HCl -- 0.00015 --

e) HBr -- 0.00023 --

f) NH3

gm/sec

-- -- 0.000166


Table- 4.3 (A) : First Three Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values

HighestValue

Location w.r.t Project Site PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox

1st 3 km @ 270º 0.1269 0.0609 0.4442 0.0152

2nd 3 km @ 270º 0.0967 0.0464 0.3385 0.0116

3rd 2.5 km @ 270º 0.0560 0.0269 0.1998 0.0067

Note : All units are expressed in μg/m3

Table- 4.3 (B) : First Three Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values

HighestValue

Location w.r.t Project Site HCl HBr NH3

1st 0.5 km @ 270º 0.0142 0.0213 0.0320

2nd 0.5 km @ 270º 0.0119 0.0178 0.0250

3rd 0.5 km @ 270º 0.0103 0.0154 0.0245


Table-4.4: First Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values for AAQM Stations

Station Code

Station Name

Location w.r.t Project Site PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox HCl HBr NH3

S2 Ardoi 1.88 km @ 42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

S3 Hadamtala 23.25 km @ 86 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

S4 Biliyala 4.75 km @ 186 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

S5 Mahika Nana 2.63 km @ 241 0.1251 0.0060 0.0435 0.0015 0.0008 0.0012 0.0009

S6 Mahika Mota 3.5 km @ 272 0.1058 0.0508 0.3697 0.0127 0.0028 0.0042 0.0037


Air Isopleths Showing 1st highest 24 hourly average GLCs contour plots for the

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HCl, HBr and NH3 for the proposed expansion project are

given in Drawing – 4.1 to Drawing – 4.7 respectively.

C) OBSERVATIONS

The maximum 24-hourly average concentration for pollutant due to proposed

expansion calculated using mathematical model (ISCST3) for PM10, PM2.5, SO2,


NOx, HCl, HBr and NH3 is 0.1269 g/m3, 0.0609 g/m3, 0.4442 g/m3, 0.152 g/m3,

0.0142 g/m3, 0.0213 g/m3, and 0.0320 g/m3 respectively which is very

negligible even for the worst case scenario.

The incremental ground level concentration of various pollutants at all the

ambient air monitoring locations is practically nil as shown in Table – 4.4 and

therefore there will not be any impact on the air quality of surrounding villages

due to the proposed expansion.

Hence, there will not be any significant impact on air environment due to

proposed expansion considering worst-case scenario.


4.3.3 LAND/ SOIL ENVIRONMENT

A) PREDICTION OF IMPACT

The impact on land and soil environment may be due to effluent disposal,

chemical handling and hazardous waste disposal.


Since the proposed expansion will be in the existing premises situated in

Hadmtala Industrial area, there will not be any change in land use pattern,

forest cover or vegetation in surrounding area. Moreover, Electricity, water,

roads, all basic amenities and infrastructure are already available at project

site.

Effluent Disposal

Their will not be any disposal of effluent due to proposed expansion activity

as entire wastewater generated will be reused in the process and as boiler

feed water after treatment in ETP followed by MEE & TFD.

Entire quantity of Domestic waste generated will be treated in septic tank

followed by soak pit.

Material handling

Spillage of material during loading, unloading and transfer, gland leakage of

pumps, flange leakage in pipelines may create soil/land contamination.

However, the management should ensure regular maintenance of pumps and

flange connections in the pipelines and proper care must be taken by the

management while loading, unloading and transfer of materials to avoid the

impact.

Hazardous Waste Disposal

The main sources of hazardous waste generation from proposed

manufacturing activity will be Process Waste viz. Spent Solvent, Spent

Carbon, Spent Catalyst and Distillation Residue and Dried sludge generated

from effluent treatment plant.


The ancillary source of hazardous waste generation will be discarded

bags/bottles/drums/Carboys/Containers from storage and handling of raw

materials and spent oil generation from plant machinery.

The unit has already provided isolated area @ 1463.0 m2 with impervious

flooring system and roof cover for the on-site storage of hazardous waste,

which will be increased up to 1795.0 m2 for the hazardous waste likely to

generate due to proposed expansion.

The hazardous waste generated will be stored and handle as per The

Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2008.

Hence, there will not be any impact on land and soil environment due to

effluent disposal, material handling and disposal of hazardous waste.

Development of Green Belt

The unit has already developed green belt area of 1935.0 sq.m., which will be

increased up to @ 7033 sq.m. (33.3 % of total available area) area for the

betterment of the environment within and on the surrounding of the existing

premises which will not only improve the soil conditioning but will also prevent

soil erosion and the landscape & give slight beneficial impact on the land

usage. Greenbelt will minimize the predicted level of possible air pollutants and

to minimize noise pollution.

In consequence of development of green belt it will create a beneficial impact

on land and soil environment.

4.3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

A) PREDICTION OF IMPACT

Prediction of potential impacts on noise environment from the proposed

expansion project activity is as important as other components of the

environment. The impacts of noise depend mainly on the characteristic of the

noise generating sources, topography and atmospheric conditions.


During operational phase the impact on noise environment will be due to

manufacturing activities and transportation activities (transportation of raw

materials and finished products). Present Noise levels of the study area are

shown in section 3.10 of chapter - 3.


After commissioning of the expansion project their will be very negligible

increase in the noise level. The noise generation will be mitigated by installing

noise barriers/absorbers around stationery noise sources, viz. pumps,

compressors and blowers etc.

Adequate noise control measures such as anti vibration pad for equipment

with high vibration is provided. Proper and timely oiling, Lubrication

Preventive Maintenance will be done regularly.

Adequate noise control measures such mufflers, silencers at the air

inlet/outlet of DG set and earmuff and earplugs to the operators etc. is

provided.

Existing as well as proposed green belt is act as a barrier to the propagation

of noise from the factory premises. This will reduce the noise levels

appreciably and it will not have any impact to the nearby present human

settlement.

Vehicular movements during operation phase for loading/unloading of raw

and finished materials and other transportation activity may also increase

noise level. However, the volume of transport vehicles to be handled due to

proposed project is very low, as compared to the total vehicular traffic in the

industrial area.

Therefore, there will be negligible impact on noise environment of surrounding

area due to proposed expansion.

4. 3.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The impact due to the proposed expansion on the ecological parameters like

natural vegetation, crops, forests and species diversity is summarized in below

texts:


The proposed expansion is within the existing industrial premises located in

Industrial area of Hadamtala. Hence, there will not be any cutting of natural

vegetation due to proposed expansion. On the contrary, the industry will

expand its green belt area within and surrounding periphery.

Since the proposed expansion is on non-agricultural land of the existing

factory premises, it is not likely to alter the crop production and pattern or

the area.

Necessary environmental protective measure have been planned under

EMP for air, water and hazardous waste management systems and regular

environmental surveillance will be carried out so as to prevent any short-term

or cumulative effect on the crops and natural vegetation of the area.

Higher concentrations of SO2 may damage to the plant tissues leading to

plant diseases like Necrosis or Chlorosis. However, adequate stack height is

provided as per CPCB guidelines for the proper dispersion of pollutants,

particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere. So that increment in

GLC of SO2 will be very negligible even for the worst case scenario.

There is no disposal of effluent from the unit and same practice will be

continued after proposed expansion also.

There is no reserved forest, nation park or sanctuary within the study area.

Very few rare and endanger flora & fauna is reported within the study area.

Thus, there will not be any significant impact on ecological environment due to

proposed expansion.

4.3.6 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed expansion is in the existing premises having total area @ 21,138

m2 and located at Industrial area of Hadamtala. Hadamtala industrial area

having more than 50 units and spread over 300 hector of land. The area for

the plant when compared to the total area is insignificant or negligible.

The unit has already developed the green belt area @ 1935 m2 which will be

expanded up to 4483 m2 to improve the overall aesthetic view of the

premises.


Since there is no discharge of effluent, there is no visual adverse impact on

quality of water. On the contrary, the wastewater generated from the

industrial activity will be reuse as boiler feed water and in process also.

Thus, there will not be any impact on aesthetic environment due to proposed

expansion.

4.3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

A) EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

Prediction of the socio-economic impacts of site would be totally a positive

mainly due to the employment opportunities. During operational phase, skilled

and unskilled manpower will be needed. This will increase the employment

opportunity. Secondary jobs are also bound to be generated to provide day-to-

day needs and services to the work force. This will also increase the demand for

essential daily utilities in the local market and ancillary business development to

some extent for the local population.

This phase is expected to create a beneficial impact on the local socio-

economic environment.

B) INDUSTRIES

During the operation activities, the required raw materials and skilled and

unskilled laborers will be utilized maximum from the local area. The increasing

industrial activity will boost the commercial and economical status of the

locality, to some extent.

C) PUBLIC HEALTH

During operation activities, workers will be provided with basic amenities like

safe water supply, low cost sanitation facilities, first aid, required personal

protective equipment, etc. Otherwise, there could be an increase in diseases

related to personal hygiene.

Hence, there will not be any significant change in the status of sanitation and

the community health of the area, as sufficient measures have been taken and

proposed under the EMP.


The proposed expansion activities will improve the general environment by

expanding area of green belt and planting more number of trees through a

planned green belt development which will improve Aesthetic value of the

region.

On the whole the project will have a favorable ranking with the local

inhabitants and will be looked upon as a blessing for development of the area.

Thus, there will be a beneficial impact on socio-economic environment due to

proposed expansion activities.


The possible beneficial Impacts due to the proposed expansion is shown in

Drawing-4.8

Drawing – 4.8 Possible Beneficial Impacts Due To Proposed Expansion

Project

Minimize the Noise Pollution

Improve Aesthetic

Environment

Improve community

health

Improve Sanitationcondition

Improve Educational

facility

ImproveSoil

Conditioning

Development of Green Belt


Probability of temporary

employment

Enhance Commercial

and economical

status

Probability of permanent

employment

Probability of secondary

employment

Prevent Soil erosion and improve the landscape


4. 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT VALUATION

The matrix system evaluates the impact on the environment both in terms of

quality and quantity. The environmental parameters that have some impact

due to the proposed expansion activities are considered. The environmental

impacts identify the possible relationship of proposed industrial operations with

respect to environment parameters. These relationships can be beneficial or

adverse. Impact identification matrix for operation phase is given in Table – 4.5.

The potential impact during operational stage along with mitigation measure is

presented in Table – 4.6.


Table-4.5: Impact Identification Matrix (Without EMP)

ProjectActivities

(Construction Phase)

Project Activities (Operational Phase)

Sr.No. Environmental

Parameters

Exca

vatio

n

Con

stru

ctio

n

Inst

alla

tion

of

Equi

pmen

ts

Wat

er

Requ

irem

ent

Efflu

ent

Disc

harg

e G

aseo

usem

issio

ns

Solid

Was

te

Mat

eria

l Ha

ndlin

g

Man

fg.

Act

ivity

Equi

pmen

t Fa

ilure

Tran

spor

tatio

n

Gre

en B

elt

Deve

lopm

ent

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONi) Water Env.

Water Resource

Water Quality ii) Air Env. iii) Land / Soil

Env.

1.

iv) Noise Env. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

NaturalVegetation

Crops Fisheries & Aquatic Life

2.

Forests & Species Diversity

AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENTVisual Water / Air Quality

Odour

3.

Landscape SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Employment Opportunity & Economic Development

Public Welfare & Sanitation

4.

Social Amenities


Table- 4.6: Impacts & Mitigative Measures Taken During Operational Stage

Env. Parameters

Potential Impacts Source Mitigative Measure Remarks

Water Environment

Consumption of Water

Process, boiler,

cooling, APCE,

washing activities

Ground Water through own bore well will be

used. New Effluent treatment

plant along with additional MEE & TFD will be installed to treat the

waste water. Reuse of effluent in

process and as boiler feed water.

Rain water harvesting system will be provided

for ground water recharge.

Negligible impact

Flue gas emission

Steam Boiler,

Thermic Fluid Heater & D.G. Set

Cyclone separator has provided for air pollution

control measures. Adequate stack height is

provided. DG set will be operated

during emergency.

AirEnvironment

Process gas emission

Manufacturing process

Two stage scrubbers & single stage ammonia

scrubber will be provided.

Negligible increase in

GLCs of pollutant and also meeting NAAQS.

Negligible adverse impact.

Socio-Economic

Environment

Increase in employment opportunities, overall growth

and development

of area.

Process Activities

and Transport-

ation

--- Beneficial impact

Ecological Environment

Long-term effect on plant

and floral species due to

pollutant.

Manufac-turing

activities

Proper EMP for air and water pollution.

Green Belt development

Negligible Impact

NoiseEnvironment

Increase in Noise Level

Manufac-turing

activities DG set

operations Transporta-

tion

Proper maintenance of equipments

Green Belt development

Marginal Impact


4.4.1 IMPACT EVALUATION

The environmental impact evaluation is based on careful study of project site,

manufacturing operation of proposed expansion activities, surrounding

environment (meteorological conditions, ambient air quality status, water

quality status, soil quality status, ecological environment, socio-economic status,

land-use pattern of the study area) etc.

These can be further classified as short term or long term, reversible or

irreversible, local or regional. The evaluation of the impacts due to proposed

expansion activities are given in Table – 4.7. While Table - 4.8 shows the total

score of the project.

4.4.2 IMPACT QUANTIFICATION For calculating the severity of the impact on the environmental parameters due

to the various project activities the severity has been divided into impact scores

from 0-4 as under;

Severity Criteria Impact Score

No Impact : 0

Very Slight : 1

Slight Impact : 2

Moderate Impact : 3

Appreciable Impact : 4

The impact score is (–ve) or (+ve) depending on whether the impact is adverse

or beneficial. The construction phase is not considered in environmental impact

matrix, as impacts due to construction activities are temporary, short-term and

negligible.


Table – 4.7: Environmental Impact Evaluation Matrix

Project Activities (Operational Phase)

Sr. No. Parameters

Wat

er

Requ

irem

ent

Efflu

ent

Gen

erat

ion/

Di

spos

al

Gas

eous

em

issio

ns

Haza

rdou

s W

aste

G

ener

atio

n

Mat

eria

l Ha

ndlin

g M

anfg

. A

ctiv

ity

Equi

pmen

t Fa

ilure

Tran

spor

tatio

n

Gre

en B

elt

Deve

lopm

ent

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Water Env.i) Water Resource 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ii) Water Quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Air Env. 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 -1 +2 Land & Soil Env. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1

1.

Noise Env. 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 +2 Total 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 5

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Natural vegetation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 Crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fisheries & Aquatic Life

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.

Forests & Species Diversity

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT

Visual Water / Air Quality

0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 +1

Odour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3.

Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 Total 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 2

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Employment Opportunity & Economic Development

0 0 0 0 +2 +1 0 +1 0

Public Welfare & Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4.

Social Amenities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0


Table-4.8: Environmental impact score of the proposed project activities

Thus, proposed expansion activities will not have any significant environmental

impact on surrounding environment. On the contrary, there will be beneficial

impact on surrounding environment due to increase in employment

opportunities and economy of the area.

Sr.No.

Parameters Evaluation Score

1. Environmental Pollution 0

2. Ecology Environment -1

3. Aesthetic Environment -1

4. Socio-Economic Environment

+4

Total +2

CHAPTER – 5

ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT PLAN

________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page 1 of 22 Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan

CHAPTER- 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 PROLOGUE

The main purpose of the EMP is to identify project specific actions that will be

undertaken by the project authority for mitigation of the specific impacts

identified in the project. These actions will be incorporated into project

management system and integrated into the implementation at various stages

of project development. The EMP describe both generic good practice

measures and site specific measures, the implementation of which is aimed at

mitigating potential impact associated with the project activity.

The aim of Environmental Management Plan is to warrant that the industrial

development in an identified particular study area needs to be entangled with

judicious utilization of non-renewable resources and to ensure that the stress /

load on the ecosystem is within its permissible assimilative capacity i.e. its

carrying capacity. In above context assimilative capacity refers to the

maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged into the

environment without affecting the designated use of various environmental

attributes and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to physico-

chemical and biological process. An effective EMP ensures that these

environmental requirements and objectives are satisfied during all phases of

project.

Environmental Management generally includes protection / mitigation /

enhancement measures as well as delineation of post project monitoring

program. The plan as prepared may suggest revisions in the plant layout or

operational parameters to avoid adverse impacts. Sometimes additional

project operations have to be incorporated in the conventional plan of

operation, as per the actual requirement.

Adopting mitigative measures including incorporation of suitable features in the

planning and design stage can minimize the adverse impacts envisaged during

________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page 2 of 22 Chapter-5 Environmental Management Plan

construction and operation phases. Mitigation measures at the source level and

an overall management plan are elicited to improve the supportive capacity of

the study area and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving

bodies.

5.2 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The long-term objectives of the Environment Management Plan for all the

environmental attributes are as under:

To comply with all the regulations / applicable laws stipulated by Central &

State Pollution Control Boards.

To create good working conditions (devoid of air and noise pollution for the

employees).

To encourage support and conduct developmental works for the purpose of

achieving environment standards and to improve methods of environment

management.

To rationalize and streamline environmental activities to add value in

efficiency and effectiveness.

To encourage and achieve highest performance and response from

individual employees and contractors.

To plan out the complete strategy to take care of stakeholder engagement.

To contribute significantly for sustainable development.

To treat all the pollutants i.e. effluent and hazardous waste with appropriate

technology.

Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management

expenditure.

Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a

cleaner and better environment.

To encourage, support and conduct development work for the purpose of

achieving environmental standards and to improve the methods of

environmental management.


The environment Management Plan has been chalked out for Operation phase

of the proposed expansion which has been categorized for:

Water Environment

Air Environment

Land Environment

Noise Environment


As a part of the efforts for sustainable development, to identify the adverse

impacts, their causes and prevention and precaution measures are the most

important part of the development activity of any project. For the purpose of

the prevention/minimization of the adverse impacts the Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) and impact mitigation measures are identified and

implementations of various mitigative measures for environmental impacts

envisaged are discussed.

5.3 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM

Water required for industrial & domestic activity after proposed expansion will

be fulfilled by own bore well within the industrial premises and which is well

below the permitted value by the CGWA in the located area. Hence, it will

not create any stress upon the ground water bodies.

Record for water consumption is maintained and will be maintained for each

usage in future.

Unit has already taken appropriate water conservation measures and in

future also will take appropriate measures to optimize the fresh water

requirement as listed below.

(1) The treated effluent is reused in the manufacturing process and as boiler

feed after treatment in existing ETP followed by MEE & TFD. The

maintenance of all the units of ETP is carried out regularly and same

practice will be continued after proposed expansion.

(2) The unit will carry out water audit regularly and implement the measures

suggested to minimize the use of water.


(3) The unit will design and implement the rainwater harvesting system to

recharge the ground water, which will create positive impact to the

water environment.

Record of the wastewater generation and reused are maintained and same

practice will be continued after proposed expansion as well.

The domestic effluent is disposed to septic tank/soak pit system & same

practice will be continued after proposed expansion.

Cleaner production technology is assessed to maximize possible reuse and

recycling of material is done.

The unit will take following measures for storm water management.

1) Disposal system for storm water is provided separately and it will be

assured that there will not be any contamination of chemicals /

effluent in to storm water.

2) The unit will adopt water sprinkle system for gardening as open hose

system creates ponding and allow the water to flow outside the

premises.

3) The unit will give responsibility and instruction to the operator not to

allow treated wastewater to flow outside the premises.

The action sheet for mitigation of water pollution due to storm water and

effluent discharge is given Table-5.1 and Table-5.2.

Table – 5.1: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Storm Water Pollution

Source Rain

Mitigation Measures

1. Identify the potential sources of storm water pollution. 2. Evaluation of all non-storm water discharges to determine

if they contaminate storm water.

Methodology of Implementation

1. Good House Keeping – To maintain a clean and orderly working environment.

2. Visual Inspection – To conduct routine inspection of facility to ensure that all the elements of the plant are in place and working properly.

3. Spill Prevention & Response – Identify location where spill occur and define spill prevention handling practices and response procedures.

4. Employee Training-Trained employees in all aspects of storm water management plan.


Table-5.2: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Water Pollution

Source Generation of wastewater due to process, Washing, Boiler and Cooling

MitigationMeasures

1. Flow meter is provided at the inlet of the MEE. 2. Storage tanks are cleaned at regular interval of time. 3. To check or to avoid and leakage and spillage of effluent

while transferring from one unit to another. 4. To carry out the analysis of waste water samples at regular

interval of time. 5. To minimize the use of fresh water consumption through

waste minimization measures to reduce the quantity of effluent.

Methodology of

Implementation

1. To measure the fresh water consumed and wastewater generated at each point.

2. Proper Maintenance of effluent drainpipe and collection tank to avoid any leakage.

5.3.1 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

The project site falls under semi critical zone and their water withdrawal will not

exceed the 100 m3/day. According to the CGWA guidelines it is mandatory for

the unit to adopt recharging of ground water (Rainwater harvesting). However,

the unit will design and implement the rainwater harvesting system to recharge

the ground water, which will create positive impact to the water environment.

The following major points will be kept in to consideration while designing the

system;

Total annual rainfall in the area

Catchments area within the project site

Subsurface geology and aquifer

Precaution to mitigate and control dust contamination


Drawing – 5.1: Drawing of rain water harvesting


Well design storm water network will be provided to collect the rain water from

the site area and diverted to the proposed rain water harvesting pits for

recharging the ground water. The storm water drain system will be designed

with proper slope and direction, considering the catchments area and intensity

of rainfall. The total volume of water harvested through the percolation well will

be 5125 m3/Annum considering the annual average rainfall of 600 mm. Here, for

designing of rain water harvesting system the area of the premises where

hazardous waste/chemical handling & storage carried out is not consider as

catchments area to ensure that storm water will free of contamination. All the

storm water collected in considered catchments area on site will be harvested

for ground water recharge.

The proper management and pretreatment of rainwater harvested will be

done. The storm water collected will be passed through multi grade filter to

remove the suspended matter before recharging. The Schematic drawing of

percolation well is shown in Drawing - 5.1. Unit has already provided water

harvesting pond near Main gate.

Total water requirement per day of proposed project will be 61,400 lit. i.e. 18,420

KL/annum (considering 300 working days per annum). Total requirement of

water will be met by own bore wells within the factory premises of unit. It can be

shown from Table – 5.3 that total volume of water harvested per annum will be

5,125 KL. Thus, 27.8 % of total ground water consummated will be recharged in

the soil. Thus the annual ground water required after harvesting system will be

13,295 KL.


Table-5.3: Detail of Rain Water Harvesting System

Value

Particular unit Roof-Top

Ground Surface

Covering

Untreated Ground

Catchment

Catchments Area Sq.meter 4079 8559 6658

Runoff Coefficient -- 0.75 0.7 0.15

Filter Efficiency -- 0.85 0.85 0.85

Maximum intensity of rain fall mm/hr 50

Annual Rain Fall mm 600

1560 3056 509 Total Annual Volume of water harvested m3/Annum

5125

Per Day water Consumption m3/Day 61.4

Working Days per Annum Nos. 300

Annual water consumption m3 18420

Annual Water requirement after Harvesting m3 13295

Annual Reduction in Ground water Withdrawal % 27.8

5. 4 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM

Adequate scrubbing system is provided for the control of process gas

emission which will also be expanded during expansion, so it will remains well

within gaseous emission norms prescribed by the GPCB/CPCB.

HSD is used as fuel in D.G. set and proper air to fuel ratio is maintained to

reduce/control the emission.

To reduce the fugitive emission the entire manufacturing activities are

carried out in the closed system and the solvent recovery is carried out in

well designed distillation system.

The unit will also take all adequate measures to reduce the fugitive emission

likely to occur due to the transportation activity.

Stack monitoring facilities like porthole, platform etc. is provided with flue gas

& process gas stack in order to facilitate sampling of gases being emitted

into the atmosphere.


Regular monitoring of flue gas stack and process gas stack is carried out.

In case of failure of any air pollution control equipments, the process

activities will be stopped.

Regular ambient air quality & stack monitoring is carried out within factory

premises.

Transfer vehicles will be properly maintained so as keep air emissions in

check.

The action sheet for mitigation of air pollution is given Table-5.4.

Table – 5.4: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Air Pollution

Source Process emissions, Steam Boiler, DG Set, Thermic Fluid Heater & Transportation.

Mitigation Measures

1. Regular preventive maintenance and overhauling of blowers, pumps etc. will be done.

2. Regular check on the content in the fuel and emissions. 3. To maintain proper air to fuel ratio. 4. Monitoring of combustion. 5. Regular check for the efficiency of Scrubber. 6. Regular check for the efficiency of cyclone separator.

Methodology of Implementation

1. Monitoring of source emissions and ambient air quality as per GPCB Norms through reliable testing authority to ensure compliance of air pollution emission standards as per consent.

2. Proper preventive maintenance of fuel firing system. 3. Spill Prevention & Response – Identify location where

spill occur and define spill prevention handling practices and response procedures.

4. All the kaccha roads will be made pacca or will be asphalted or concreted to avoid dust formation caused by movement of vehicles.

5. The PUC of the vehicles entering the industrial premises will be checked regularly.


5.5 SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The hazardous wastes generated are stored and handle as per The

Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2008.

The main source of hazardous waste generation due to the manufacturing

of proposed Synthetic Organic Chemicals (Bulk Drugs & Drugs Intermediates)

products is Process Waste viz. Spent Solvent, Spent Carbon, Spent Catalyst

and Distillation Residue and Dried sludge generated from effluent treatment

plant.

Bags/Bottles/drums/Carboys/Containers from storage and handling of raw

materials is decontaminated and reused or sell or sent back to vendor.

Spent catalyst generated is send to registered re-processors regularly or

reuse within process and same practice will be continued after proposed

expansion.

Used oil from plants and machineries is reused as lubricant within premises.

ETP sludge, solid waste from centrifuge, spent carbon, distillation residue and

used resins are regularly sent to M/s. GEPIL (TSDF/CHWIF site) for the final

disposal.

Spent solvent generated is reuse in the process.

The unit has provided isolated area @ 1463 sq. m. area for the hazardous

waste storage within premises having pucca floor, roof cover which will be

expanded up to 1795 sq. m. as per the requirement.

Record of hazardous waste generation and disposal is maintained on

printed logbook.

The action sheet for mitigation of pollution due to Hazardous waste is given

Table-5.5.


Table - 5.5: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Hazardous Waste

Source Manufacturing Process, ETP, Plants and Machineries and Raw Material Storage

Mitigation Measures

1. The hazardous waste likely to be generated is stored in covered area.

2. Spent catalyst generated is send to registered re-processors regularly or reuse within process.

3. Used oil from plants and machineries is reused as lubricant within premises.

4. ETP sludge, solid waste from centrifuge, spent carbon, distillation residue and used resins are regularly sent to M/s. GEPIL (TSDF/CHWIF site) for the final disposal.

Methodology of

Implementation

A record w.r.t quantity & quality and treatment/ management of solid/hazardous waste generation and disposal will be maintained

As the unit uses agricultural waste as fuel, very less quantity of fly ash is

generated from boiler as well as thermic fluid heater operation. However, fly ash

and bottom ash generated is stored in the covered area and is regularly sent to

the GEPIL (TTSDF/CHWIF) site for final disposal along with the hazardous waste

generated or is sent to the brick manufacturer.

5.6 NOISE CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Detrimental and unpleasant sound energy transmitted from one area to

another is classified as "Noise". There will be slight increase in noise level due to

proposed manufacturing activities, due to mechanical equipments for the

manufacturing of product. The precautions to be taken for abatement of noise

pollution are as follows,

The precautions taken for abatement of noise pollution is as follows,

Adequate noise control measures are provided whenever required.

Proper and timely oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance is carried

out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.

The transport contractor is informed to avoid unnecessary speeding of

vehicles inside the premises.

Personal protective devices such as ear-muffs, ear-plugs etc. is strictly

enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas.

Noise monitoring is done regularly at different parts of the plant.


The unit will expand existing green belt which prevent the noise pollution in

surrounding area.

The action sheet for mitigation of noise pollution is given Table-5.6.

Table – 5.6: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Noise Pollution

Source DG set, Steam Boiler, Process Plant & Transportation

MitigationMeasures

1. Strict adherence for maintenance schedule of various equipments.

2. Staffs to use earplugs at places where noise level exceeds 90 dBA.

3. Inform all transport contractors to avoid unnecessary speeding of vehicles inside the premises

4. Use of dampening tools to reduce noise generation due to DG set operation.

Methodology of

Implementation

1. Periodically noise monitoring is done at various places inside the factory premises.

2. Boiler maintenance records, logs in the respective areas.

3. Placard will be displayed at various locations

5.7 APPLICATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Cleaner Production in recent times has emerged as an attractive proposition to

tackle the environmental problems posed by rapid industrialization and is being

accepted worldwide. Besides reducing pollution, it also improves the process

efficiency, thus reducing the cost of production. Applications of CP mainly

focus on preventing or minimizing the generation of waste and gaseous

emission. The basic idea of cleaner production is to avoid a problem altogether

rather than trying to find remedial measure by adopting proactive approach of

waste management.

CP is nothing but a new and creative way of thinking about products and the

processes which are used to manufacture. Cleaner Production is continuous

ongoing process. It is achieved by the continuous application of strategies to

minimize the generation of waste and emission. As far as the production

processes are concern, CP is achieved by raw material and energy

conservation, by reducing quantum of emission and waste generation. To opt


fruitful results of CP should be implemented by adopting the concept of

product modification, source reduction and recycling.

M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is existing unit & have been implemented various

techniques of CP in their factory premises & put continues efforts for developing

new techniques. The techniques implemented & proposed by the unit & are

given below.

5.7.1 POLLUTION PREVENTION:

M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is manufacturing products having (80-90 %) yield by

using high-quality of raw material and advanced process technology.

To minimize material wastage, standard SOP is followed by the unit.

High density polythene bags or drums are used. Hence, the generation of

plastic waste is reduced. Moreover, Discarded Bags and Container are

decontaminate and Reuse/ sold.

The unit is maintaining the proper inventory of the hazardous chemicals and

keeping the buffer stock as minimum as possible. This will reduce the

possibilities & magnitude of environmental hazards.

There is a periodic arrangement of environmental training program to create

sensitivity among plant personnel towards environment.

5.7.2 WATER CONSERVATION:

The treated wastewater generated is reuse in the manufacturing process and

as a boiler feed after treatment in ETP followed by Multi Effect Evaporator &

Tin Film Dryer. Unit will installed one additional MEE & TFD during proposed

expansion.

Mopping is done for floor cleaning. Same practice will be continued after

proposed expansion.

As a part of water conservation, excess service water taps will not be

provided in the plant premises. Likewise, the green belt will be developed by

using water sprinkle system instead of hose pipe.

Rainwater harvesting system will be installed.

Flow meter is installed at inlet MEE in the Effluent Treatment plant.


High Pressure Jet Pump will be used for the cleaning of equipment, vessel &

rector etc.

5.7.3 ENERGY CONSERVATION:

First step to conserve energy is to identify source of energy utilization. The

exact electricity requirement in the plant premises will be identified.

Variable frequency drives (VFD) in pumps, whenever required is provided to

save energy.

Use of low loss transformer instead of conventional transformer.

As far as possible the unit will use solar street lights in the factory premises

which is the renewable energy.

Proper air to fuel ratio is maintained for the maximum efficiency of boiler.

Good insulation practice has been adopted to prevent heat losses.

Regular cleaning to the lamps and fixtures is done to get better illumination in

the plant.

To avoid loss of precious quantum of energy, regular maintenance/ servicing

is provided to all the equipments.

Energy audit will be conducted regularly as a tool for monitoring purpose.

5.7.4 REUSE / RECYCLE:

The wastewater generated from the industrial activity is reused as boiler feed

water and process again after treatment in the existing ETP. Same practice

will be continued after proposed expansion.

The HDPE drums are reused in plants for processing.

The solvent used in the manufacturing process are recovered through

distillation and reused again in the manufacturing process.

Used oil from the plant & machineries are reused as a lubricant within plant.

5.7.5 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING:

Good house keeping means changing existing practices or introducing new

ways of operating and maintaining equipment. Proper good housekeeping can

prevent accidents, spillages and leakages, raw material & product loses.

For Good house keeping following action will be taken.


All the materials are stored in compatible group.

All pits, sumps are properly covered or securely fenced.

Appropriate tools are provided for handling of all the materials.

Regular training is given to all workforces.

All the passages, floors and stairways are maintained in good condition. The

system will be made available to deal with any spillage at the plant.

Sufficient disposable bins are clearly marked and these are suitably located

in the plant.

In the plant, precaution and instructions are displayed at strategic locations.

Proper working instructions are given to all the workers in factory.

Roads/walkway within the plant is maintained neat and clean. Walkways are

clearly marked and free from obstructions.

5.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Environment Management Plan is prepared to reduce the likely adverse

impacts of the project based on existing socio economic profile in the area.

Environment Management plan would be helpful for smooth functioning of the

project and uplift of the quality of life of the people in the area. The impact on

the major attributes of the socio-economic environment is discussed here under;

Resettlement and Rehabilitation

As this is the working project on the industrial area and no additional land will

be required for the proposed expansion, there will not be any requirement of

the resettlement and rehabitation due to the manufacturing activity.

Impact on Population Growth

This project will have an impact on the population growth, as it will provide

some employment to the families in the nearby villages. About 85%

employees are domicile and employed from the near by village and

remaining 15% skilled and managerial staff are non-domicile.


Impact on Economic Aspects

The impact of plant on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The

manufacturing activities will provide employment to persons of different skills

and trades. The local population will have preference to get an

employment. The employment potential will ameliorate economic

conditions of these families directly and provide employment to many other

families indirectly who are involved in business and service oriented activities.

These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the area.

Impact on Civic Amenities

As per the census 2001, the area has a good network of roads,

communications, educational facilities, post and telegraph facilities and

health care facilities. There will not be any major impact or stress on the

existing facility due to the proposed industrial expansion.

The project will definitely help for the improvement of the socio-economic status

of the society in the region by generating direct or indirect employment

opportunities. The project will also induce the development of ancillary and

related small-scale industries in the adjoining areas. It is obvious to assume that

the activities of the proposed industrial operations will produce some

improvements in the socio-economic levels in the study area. The project will

contribute additional revenue to the state and central exchequer in the form of

cess and other taxes etc.

M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. not only carries out business but also understands the

obligations towards the society. The unit is aware of the obligations towards the

society and for fulfills the social obligations; they will employ semi-skilled and

skilled labor form the nearby villages for the proposed expansion. At least 85 %

of the total manpower recruitment will be conducted from domicile workers

(i.e. Within the Gujarat) as per the Factory Act and out of which most of the

recruitment will be carried out from the nearby villages as far as possible. They

will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the near by villages


by appointing local contractor only during construction phase as well as during

operation phase.

Apart form this they are also giving their adequate and reasonable contribution

for the following action in the nearby villages,

Plantation all along the road side in nearby villages and development of

garden/greenbelt on government barren land/common plots.

Education aids & scholarship to poor students for higher education.

Organizing medical camp for the near by villagers.

Company will also participate & contribute in Local religious and social

programs.

Company will also cooperate and participate in the various activities

conducted by the government for the socio-economic development and

welfare of the society such as;

Participate in the medical camp organized in the villages.

Participate and cooperate in animal husbandry camp.

Participate in the Forestry Programme of state government.

Participate and Cooperate in Education Camp of state government.

Participate in the national programme organized on 15th August and 26th

January.

Participate in new school admission campaign.

Participate in Cleanliness Camp of state government.

5. 9 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

The main objective of green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and

surrounding areas to prevent air and noise pollution. To maintain the ecological

balance project authorities are planning to develop green belt around the

plant. Green belt recommendations around the company premises will be

evolved as per CPCB norm for noise pollution control and to prevent the

gaseous pollutant into surrounding, balancing eco-environment, soil

erosion/protection, economic sustenance and aesthetics. The scenario of


planting arrangement and size will be based on the optimum use of available

land. Based on the agro-climatic conditions of the region, location of proposed

plant and physico-bio-chemical properties of the soil strata in addition to the

nature of pollutants and their rate of dispersion, it is suggested to develop green

belt around the plant. Plants suitable to abate the pollution have been

identified to be local plants.

The plant authorities have proposed to plant a green belt in around the

periphery of the rode particularly around the storage yard. In addition to the

green-belt planted around the project, roadside plantation will also be

required within the project.

The tree plantation shall be based on the following principles

The plant shall be fast growing and indigenous

It has been tolerant to air pollutants present in the area mainly dust pollution

and SO2, HCl and HBr

It has been maintain ecological, land and hydrological balance of the

region.

It has been possess extensive foliar area to provide maximum impinging

surface for continued efficient adsorption and absorption of pollutants.

It has been tall in peripheral curtain plantation, with large, spreading

canopy in the primary and secondary attenuation zones.

It has been able to grow and thrive on soil of areas, be evergreen in habitat

having minimum of leaf fall.

It shall be efficient in absorbing pollutants without significant effects on plant

growth.

In order to mitigate the air pollutants and to attenuate the noise generated by

the plant and also improving the ecology and aesthetics of the area, the unit

has already developed green belt area in 1935 m2 (9.15 % of total area) within

the existing premises and along the periphery & after proposed expansion it will

increases to 4483.07m2 (21.21% of total area) and unit will also plant a tree in the

surrounding villages to meet the 33% greenbelt area requirement. Green belt is


developed to avoid any kind of fugitive mission in to surrounding environment in

any case. The unit has already planted 488 numbers of plantation species and

unit will also plant more 650 numbers of plantation species during the proposed

expansion. The details of plant species are given in Table-5.7(A). The green belt

development program (three years) for the proposed plantation is shown in

Table – 5.7(B). The rate of survival would be 80 – 90%.

Table – 5.7(A): Plantation Species

Sr.No. Scientific Name Common

Name Existing Proposed Total After proposed expansion

1 Azardorachta Indica Neem Tree 114 125 239 2 Polyalthia longifolia(Sonn.) Asopalav 92 125 217 3 Delonix regia Gulmohar 55 200 255 4 Saraca Indica Ashoka 90 100 190 5 Miscellaneous -- 137 100 237

Total 488 650 1138

Table – 5.7(B): Three Year Program for Proposed Plantation Species

Proposed Plants 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year

650 320 190 140

In addition to the green belt development plan within the own industrial

premises, the unit propose to develop green belt on out side peripheral of the

industry premises and also develop the green belt in common plots, barren land

and along the road side in the nearby villages and contributes towards the

green belt development. This way the unit will contribute indirectly to develop

green belt on minimum 2,550 m2 on such areas. Thus, total green belt

development by the unit will come to 7,033 m2, which will be around 33.3 % of

the total area occupied by the unit.

5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

All the project activities will be monitored to ensure that appropriate

environmental mitigation activities are implemented and to identify areas


where environmental management plan compliance is not satisfied. Effective

monitoring will allow corrective actions to be identified and implemented in a

timely manner.

One of the principal goals of environmental monitoring is the effective

observation of site conditions and work activities to:

Verify and document compliance with environmental requirement

Identify and document existing or potential non compliance situations and

initiate corrective or remedial actions

Regular monitoring of environmental parameter will be made to find out any

deterioration in environmental quality. The head of environmental cell will be

responsible for total environmental management. The EMS shall perfume

following functions.

Establishment and maintenance of documented environmental objectives of

the “Environmental Protection Policy” of the management.

Collected information from regular monitoring and create database.

Analyze the data and decide thrust area.

Based on the data collected, decide target for each thrust area.

Carry out “project” in each thrust area to arrive at practical solutions to

environmental problems.

Discuss the reports of study on environment and disseminate the information.

Work out action plan for the implementation of the recommendations made

in the report.

Prepare Management Information System (MIS) reports and budget for

environment management program.

Apart from having an environment plan, it is also necessary to have a

permanent organizational set up for effective implementation of various

activities. In this effect, all the units assign responsibility to officer from various

disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and

implementation of environmental control measures. M/s. Sam fine chem Ltd. is


the existing unit, it has already set up permanent and efficient team for the

effective implementation of environmental control measures. The current

practice will be continued after proposed expansion. The environmental

management cell set up by the unit is given herewith.

The management of the unit will keep adequate funds aside to meet with

regular expenses for the environmental control measures. Recurring cost for

environmental management plan is shown in Table- 5.8.

Table –5. 8: Recurring Cost for Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Recurring Cost, Lac Rs./Annum Sr.No.

DescriptionExisting Proposed Total after

proposed 1. Air Pollution Control 6 6 12

2. Water Pollution Control 30 12 42

3. Hazardous waste management 6 6 12

4. Noise Pollution - - -

5. Environmental Monitoring 2 1 3

6. Occupation Health 2 2 4

7. Green Belt 3 3 6

8. Stationary Compliance & Charted Service

1 1 2

9. Community Welfare 2 2 4

Total 52.0 33.0 85.0

Director

General Manager (Plant)

Chemist

Operator & Helper


5.11 POST PROJECT MONITORING

All the project activities shall be monitored to ensure that environmental

mitigation activities are to be implemented and to identify areas where

environmental management plan compliance is lacking. M/s. Sam Finechem

Ltd. has schedule periodic investigations at predetermined locations for

effective monitoring of emission and environmental quality.

Along with the industrial emission monitoring as per the GPCB regulations and

under the various environmental laws, the unit also conducts work area

ambient air quality monitoring as per Gujarat Factories Rules by GPCB

approved agency regularly. The Monitoring Plan and schedule describing

scope, parameters to be monitored and frequency are given in Table – 5.9.

Table – 5.9: Monitoring Plan and schedule

Scope of monitoring Parameter Frequency of Monitoring

Gaseous Emission

Steam Boiler, Thermic Fluid Heater, DG set (Flue gas) SO2, NOx, PM Monthly

APCM / Scrubber (Process Gas) HCl, HBr, SO2, NH3 Monthly Ambient Air PM10, NOx & SO2 Quarterly Noise Noise level in dB(A) Quarterly

Work Place VOC(Benzene), HC, HCl Quarterly Occupation Health X-ray and Blood test Once in a year

Unit will also keep a close vigil on any non-compliance of emission and

deterioration of environmental quality in the project area. Accordingly unit will

identify and implement corrective actions in a timely manner.

CHAPTER – 6

RISK ASSESSMENT,

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &

SAFETY MANAGEMENT

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CHAPTER- 6 RISK ASSESSMENT, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY MANAGEMENT 6.1 INTRODUCTION

Increasing use of hazardous chemicals as raw materials, intermediates and

finished products has attracted attention of the Government and the public at

large in view of the chemical disasters. The serious nature of the accidents,

which cause damage to the plant, personnel and public, has compelled

industries to pay maximum attention to the safety issues and also to effectively

manage the hazardous material and operations. Identification analysis and

assessment of hazard and risk are very useful in providing information to risk

management. It provides basis for what should be type and capacity of its

onsite and offsite emergency plan and also what types of safety measures are

required. It is mandatory for the industries handling hazardous chemical to

maintain specified safety standards and generate an on-site emergency plan

and keep it linked with off site emergency plan.

The safety management includes the implementation of preventive methods or

accident prevention methods to avoid incident or accident and handling of

emergency in case of accident. The implementation of accident prevention

methods needs the risk analysis, to identify the risk associated with handling,

storage, operations and reaction in the process and from that to find out the

prevention methods. The broadly the safety management may be divided in

followings,

Risk Analysis

Emergency Preparedness

6.2 STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS/SOLVENT

Raw material used and product generated are hazardous & non hazardous in

nature. The unit does not involve any process where phosgene used. The

hazardous materials used may be corrosive, toxic and/or flammable. The details

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of the storage of the hazardous material along with the storage details are


Table – 6.1: Details of the storage of Hazardous Chemicals

Sr. No.

Name of HazardousChemicals

Type of packing/ storage

Packingsize

Maximumstorage

capacity, MT

Possible type of hazardous

1 Acetic acid Bottle 35 lit 5.0 Corrosive, Flammable

2 Ammonia Bottle 50 lit 6.0 Corrosive 3 Caustic Sda Lye Tank 150000 lit 15.0 Corrosive

4 Mrthylene Di Chloride

HDPEDrums 250 lit 12.0 Corrosive

5 Hydro bromic acid HDPEDrums 200 lit 25 Corrosive

6 Sulphuric acid Bottle 60 lit 6.0 Corrosive

7 Chloro Benzene MS Drum 250 lit 2.0 Flammable, toxic

8 Formic Acid HDPECarboy 35 lit 15.0 Flammable,

toxic

9 Methanol Tank 12000 lit 15.0 Flammable, toxic

10 Xylene MS Drum 200 lit 5.0 Flammable, Toxic

11 Iso Propyl Alcohol Tank 12000 lit 12.0 Flammable 12 Hydrogen Gas Cylinder 1 Kg 6 Flammable 13 Tetra Hydro Furan MS Drum 180 lit 5.4 Flammable 14 Hexane MS Drum 200 lit 5.0 Flammable

15 Chloroform MSDrum 300 lit 30.0 Toxic

16 Toluene Tank 12000 lit 15.0 Toxic

17 Nitric acid HDPECarboy 50 lit 5.0 Corrosive,

toxic

18 Oleum Tank 12000 lit 12.0 Corrosive, toxic

19 Hydro-chloric Acid HDPEDrums 200 lit 25 Corrosive,

toxic

20 Triazol Fiber/ HDPEDrum

25 kg 5 Corrosive, toxic


The unit is taking various precautions during the storage of hazardous chemicals

which is given below.

Tanks are located and marked in designated area of hazardous chemical

storage.

MOC of tanks is properly selected.

All tanks are uniformly tagged.

Level indicator is provided in all storage tanks.

Dyke wall is provided to tank farm area where hazardous chemicals are

stored.

Spare barrels of sufficient quantity are kept ready for any emergency

spillage or leakage.

Drum trolley is used for the movement of drums of hazardous chemicals.

Most of the liquid chemicals are transferred by mechanical seal pump

through closed pipeline.

Industrial type electric fittings are provided in whole plant area.

Anti corrosive paint are applied in production plant.

Safety instruction boards are displayed at prominent places.

6.3 RISK ANALYSIS

Risk and Safety is situation without unacceptable risk. Risk is defined as a

likelihood of an undesired event (accident, injury or death) occurring within a

specified period or under specified circumstances. This may be either a

frequency or a probability depending on the circumstances. Hazard is defined

as a physical situation, which may cause human injury, damage to property or

the environment or some combination of these criteria.

The followings are the hazards associated in proposed project,

Fire Hazard

Toxicity Hazard

Corrosive Hazard

Electrical Hazard

Mechanical Hazard


6.3.1 Fire Hazard

Since the Stone Age term ‘fire’ is associated with fear. It is very dangerous if

occurs in uncontrolled manner. It should be clearly understood that Flammable

Chemicals which have a flash point lower than 65°C and which remain liquids

under pressure, where particular processing conditions, such as high pressure

and high temperature, may create major accident hazards. The details of the

chemicals are given in Table-6.2.

Table-6.2 Details of Flammable Chemicals

Sr. No. Name of Chemical Flash Point Auto Ignition Temperature

1 Chloro Benzene 29.44 ºC 638 ºC

2 Hexane 15 ºC 225 ºC

3 Iso propyl Alcohol 12.77 ºC 399 ºC

4 Hydrogen Gas -- 570 ºC

5 Formic acid 69ºC 539ºC

6 Methanol 16 ºC 464 ºC

7 Tetra Hydro Furan 20 ºC 321 ºC

8 Xylene 21-27 ºC 432-530 ºC

9 Toluene 16 ºC 480 ºC

The condition of events which can leads to fire:

Equipment failures, presence of open flame or spark in the area, static

charge accumulation, Leakage of gas and open live cables and reaction

between incompatible chemicals are some of the reasons which lead to the

occurrence of fire.

A brief description of the preventive measures roused to prevent fire.

Proper earthling connections for the all the equipments, i.e. lines and

similar operations is given.

The entire pipe lines and storage tanks have been provided with proper

earthing to handle static charges safely.

All the electrical connections have been done with flameproof fittings

within the flammable area.


At preset adequate nos. of fire extinguishers (CO2 and DCP, Mechanical

foam type) of various types are provided at prominent place in fire prone

area and unit will install more nos. of fire extinguisher after proposed

expansion.

The unit has decided to provide automatic fire detection and control

system to prevent spreading of fire due to leakage of gas.

Storage and process areas are posed with “No Smoking” sign.

All gas pipe joints are provided with heavy duty champion gaskets to

prevent any leakage.

First aids boxes are also provided at different places wherever required.

The gas pipe lines are painted with different colors to distinguish it.

The flanges are provided with Teflon washers for long life and efficiency.

Pressure controllers and pressure safety locking are provided in the plant.

Fire protection system

The plant’s fire protection is consisting of structural solutions, hydrant system, fire

extinguishing systems, and fire alarm systems.

Fire Hydrants

Hydrant type Fire Protection System is consisting of a network of piping and

hydrant valves- both indoor & outdoor. The distance between any two hydrants

is not more than 45 meters. Each hydrant is provided with a hose cabinet

(mounted along side the hydrant on a steel column, lockable type) containing

two nos. of 15 M long hoses and branch pipes/nozzles.

The number and position of the hydrants are such that spray from at least two

hoses with combined jet and water fog nozzles may reach any interior places.

Some hydrants are also installed on an external wall, to allow the use of hoses

outside a building.

Fire hoses are cotton and nylon jacket seamless woven and rot proofed

material equipped with quick couplings and adjustable water fog nozzles. Hose


couplings and nozzles throughout the fire line are completely interchangeable.

Hose couplings are made of a copper alloy or other approved material.

Hose length: 15 m

Hose diameter: 63 mm

Busting pressure test: 32 kg/cm2

The unit has already provided under ground water tank of 100 KL and overhead

tank of 30 KL.

Fire extinguishing equipment

Extinguisher, preferably wall mounted type, are located such that they are not

far from each other at max distance of 15 m.

CO2 extinguishers

Fire extinguisher contains extinguishing carbon dioxide which under expected

conditions of use gives off to prevent fire to get oxygen. CO2 extinguishers are

meant to extinguish mainly fire caused by electric devices. Capacity of

extinguisher is Min. 4.5 kg.

Dry powder extinguishers

Dry powder extinguisher contains extinguishing medium which either by itself or

under expected conditions of use gives off fine powder to prevent fire to get

oxygen. Dry powder extinguishers are suitable for all kinds of fires. Capacity of

one extinguisher will be Min. 5 kg Dry powder type ABIII-E.

Fire alarm system

The fire alarm system is a part of the primary systems and will take care of the

places which are unmanned or do not have any fixed fire extinguishing system.

Three nos. of fire alarms are provided to prevent spreading of fire in the plant

area.

6.3.2 Toxicity Hazard

The chemicals which create adverse effect to human body are called Toxic

Chemicals and hazard is Toxicity Hazard. The Toxicity of chemicals is defined


based on their Threshold Limit Value on 8 hrs Time Weighted Average. The unit

uses toxic materials like Hydrochloric Acid, chloroform, Methylene chloride, nitric

acid, oleum, furan, hydrogen cynide, benzyle cynide, xylene and toluene etc.

in the manufacturing process. The detail of toxic chemical is given in Table-6.3.

Table-6.3 Details of Toxic chemical

TLV*, ppm Name of Chemical

IDLH STEL TWA Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 100 5 5

Chloform 1000 -- 10

Methylene chloride 5000 500 75

Nitric acid 216 4 2

Oleum -- 3 1

Tetra Hydro Furan 20000 -- 200

Toluene 2000 150 100

Xylene 10000 150 100

Benzyle cynide -- -- 25

Sodium Cynide 10 10 --

*Note: TLV data are taken from “Fundamentals Of Industrial Safety and Health” complied by Dr. K. U. Mistry and “NIOSH Pocket Guide To Chemical Hazard” published by U.S. Department Of Health and Human Services.

TLV = Threshold Limit Value IDLH = Immediately Dangerous To Life Or HealthSTEL = Short Term Exposure LimitTWA = Time Weighed Average

The condition of events which can leads to Toxic Hazards

Incase of failure of bottom valve or overflow of the reaction vessel, the

chemicals will splash /fall on the employees. The leakage can also be taken

place during pumping of liquid and failure of any component during

transferring.


A brief description of the measures roused to prevent spillage / leakage of

toxic chemicals

The preventive maintenance is planned and carried out as per plan to avoid

the failure of valve, pipe lines and other component of transferring line. The

spillage will be confined to the dyke area underneath the vessel. The resultant

splash of such chemicals will result in exposure of toxic chemicals to employees.

Decontamination facilities (Safety shower and eye wash fountains) are provided

in the plant area, which can be used to decontaminate the affected

employees.

Suitable decontamination procedure is used to decontaminate the spilled or

leaked material. The SOP for decontamination is reared with all related

department. The followings are some measured taken for handling the toxic

chemicals safely.

Suitable personal protective equipment like splash goggles, gloves and

protective clothes are provided while handling the toxic chemicals and

details of the same are given in Table-6.4.

The installation of all the equipment is as per guidelines of provision of

Gujarat Factories Rule 1963.

All the toxic chemicals are being stored under adequate safe condition.

The storage of corrosive and toxic chemicals is segregated from each other.

The piping is examined thoroughly every year for finding out any defects;

and a defect is removed forthwith. The record of such examination is

maintained.

Smoking is prohibited inside the factory. Train employees are employed for

handling of toxic and corrosive chemicals.

All pipe joints are provided with heavy duty champion gaskets to prevent

any leakage.

Self breathing apparatus are provided and workers are trained about their

use also.


stored.


Spare barrels of sufficient quantity are kept ready for any emergency

spillage or leakage.


stored.

Drum trolley is used for the movement of drums of hazardous chemicals.

Most of the liquid chemicals are transferred by mechanical seal pump

through closed pipeline.

Table -6.4: The Details of Personal Protective Equipments

Sr. No. Type Of PPE Name Of PPE Hand gloves

1. Hand Protection Shock proof hand glovesHelmetHelmet ring2. Head Protection Helmet with welding face shield

3. Face Protection Face shield

4. Eye Protection Safety gogglesEar muff

5. Ear Protection Ear plugChemical resistance apronPVC apron 6. Body Protection Boiler suit - Blue colorCotton Mask

7. Respiratory Protection Dust maskSafety harness beltGeneral Purpose safety belt8. Fall Protection Rope ladderWind socks - 5ftFolding stretcher First aid box Rubber mat

9. Industrial Hazard Protection

Barricaded tape ( red color ) Electrical safety shoes Safety shoes 10. Foot Protection Half gum boot

6.3.3 Corrosive Hazardous

Unit uses corrosive substances viz. Caustic Lye, sulfuric acid, ammonia,

Methylene chloride, Hydro-bromic acid and Hydro-chloric acid in the


manufacturing process. If corrosive substances are not handled properly it can

cause eye irritation and Skin allergy. Sometimes ingestion and inhalation of such

chemical can cause gastro-intestinal irritation and damage to the central

nervous system. The unit is taking following precautions while handling corrosive

chemicals.

Corrosive chemicals are transferred to another vessel by pumping to avoid

splash and manual handling.

Corroded valves, pipelines are periodically changed.

Personal Protective equipments are provided to all the workers who handle

such chemicals.

Pressure test, wall thickness test of each and every vessel is regularly carried

out.

Painting of equipment is being done on periodical basis with anti corrosive

paint.

All protective and safety precautions are observed while cleaning up spills

and chemical goggles are also used.

Corrosive substances are stored away from the moisture.

6.3.4 Electricity Hazard

Electrical Installation is carried out as per Indian Electricity Act 1910 and The

Indian Electricity Rules, 1956.

Monitoring of earth pit resistance is carried out.

Safety tag out system under the electric work permit is done for electric

isolation.

Marking of under ground path of the cable from substation to the

transformer.

Proper earthling is provided to pump body, drive motor and electrical

switch.

Provision of Rubber mats is made in working platforms of control room.

The ELCB is installed for human safety as and when required.


6.3.5 Mechanical Hazards

The following general precautions are being taken during the project stages to

minimize and control the hazards due to mechanical failure,

Equipment

Vendors for fabrication are selected based on the exposure in the related

field. During fabrication the inspections are done at every stage like material

checking, weld joint checking, dimensions like thickness, diameters. All The

installation is as per the related standards and codes of fabrication.

Safety guards (Enclosures) are provided on the moving parts of the

machines.

Safety hand rails are provided around the heavy machineries.

Standard operating procedures (SOP) are provided near the machines to

read before operation. All are available in Gujarati and English Language

and easily readable to the workers.

Safety shoes, helmets & other precautionary equipment are provided to the

workers at the time of operation in the plant.

First aid kit is provided at every working location.

Hand trolley is used for manual handling and movement of the raw material

and products.

Civil

In principal R.C.C. frame structure / steel structure design is considered.

To go for more precise design some where mix design, R.C.C. frame structure

and steel structure, is considered.

Architectural views, Wind directions, Safety for escape at the time of

accidents, Bylaws of factories inspector’s office and site development is

taken for consideration of design in view of Equipment’s live loads, loads,

working space and other related details of equipments.

Roads, Drainage, mechanical and electrical layouts are planned in easy

and safe handling from maintenance consideration.

Following accident prevention methods are used during the operation stages to

minimize and control the hazards due to mechanical failure,


Maintenance and inspection schedules

Regular maintenance and preventive maintenance are carried out as per

schedule.

All the rotating parts are guarded properly.

The high pressure storage tank thickness is tested by the outside agency

after every 6 months.

The crane, lift, hoist, fork lift system is also tested by the competent person

every year.

Description of responsibility for plant safety

Safety committee is formed which complies of senior persons with officers

and workers from each fields.

Safety department consist of nine management level employee & nine

workers.

This committee meet minimum once in every three months.

The points raised in the committee are ill implemented based on the

evaluation.

Work permits system

The meaning of work permit is the permit or approval for the work other than the

manufacturing process or routine manufacturing jobs. This is one type of

accident prevention technique. The main objectives of the permit systems are

as follows,

To ensure the safe working place

To ensure that all necessary precautions are taken

To prevent the human error

To prevent the unsafe condition

To prevent the incidents / accidents

To give information to the plant personnel

To make the hazardous operations smooth and tension free

The various work permits will be introduced according to the requirement.


6.4 OCCUPATION HEALTH HAZARDS AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational

hazard. An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with the potential to harm

a worker. Occupational hazards can be divided into two categories:

Safety hazards, that cause accidents that physically injure workers,

Health hazards which result in the development of disease.

Hazards can be rated according to the severity of the harm they cause - a

significant hazard being one with the potential to cause a critical injury or

death.

6.4.1 Safety Hazards

Safety of plant personnel and equipment’s is of utmost importance irrespective

of plant size. Units will bring its environment, health and safety policy and follow

it. The need of safety is to protect and serve the mankind, to search and

suggest the safe ways of behavior and keeping the safe working.

Unit has already taken various preventive measures for plant safety. All the

existing practices will be continued after proposed expansion also.

Various emergency spots in plant area are identified and kept in sharp

and alert watch.

Fire and sand bucket and hose reels are provided to withstand the fire or

explosion conditions.

Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, water type, CO2

type) are also provided inside the factory premises. Unit will also increase

the no. of extinguishers after proposed expansion.

On site/off site emergency plan is also in practice.

Annual mock drill is carried out to train and aware the workers and other

employees in case of emergency situation as a part of on-site

emergency. Record of the same is maintained regularly.

Open space near security gate is decided as Assembly Point where all

the employees and worker are meet at the time of emergency

occurrence. Counting of workers and employees take place immediately

at assembly point and compared with those present.


Safety guards (Enclosures) are provided on the moving parts of the

machines.

Safety hand rails are provided around the heavy machineries.

6.4.2 Occupational Health Hazards

Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational

hazard. Hazard identification is carried out through careful study of plant

process. Since chemical and fuel poses different kind of hazard, both have

been separately associated. The chemical poses more of Occupational Health

Hazard, while fuel posses more of safety / accidental hazards. Hazard and risk

assessment has been carried out for exposure to harmful dust / vapors, liquid

pool evaporation or boiling and leakage’s in confined space.

From the preliminary risk assessment study carried out for the unit some of the

possible hazards have been identified which are mentioned in Table 6.5.

Table 6.5: Accident Scenarios

Sr.No. Scenario Vulnerability

Zone Control Measures

1. Spill of Acids

Area close to spill area

Isolate the area immediately and ensure no ignition source comes near by. Reclaim the material if possible or cover the spill with sand/mud /foam (to be safely disposed off later)

2.

Toxic Liquid

Leakage/ Spillage in Confined

Space

Confined Area

Spillage to be mopped up, decontaminated (if required) and disposed of as per norms. Fresh Air inlet / Ventilation System to be fully opened. Ventilation Exhaust will carry harmful vapors. Personnel to avoid contact with exhaust vapors. Exhaust to be released at safe elevation.

The above mentioned hazards scenarios can further aggravate into much more

serious incidents if not intercepted in time. The vapors of toxic chemicals if

carried away by wind above TLV concentrations may further enlarge the

vulnerability zone. Similarly, toxic chemical spillage and all wastes leaving the

live processing zone if not decontaminated properly can cause serious health

hazard to plant personnel and persons in nearby area.


A brief description of the measures roused to prevent health hazard

The potential health aspects, impacts and remedies are shown in Table - 6.6.

Some of the safety measure carried out by M/s. Sam Fine Chem Ltd. to ensure

prevention of occupational hazards is delineated below.

Suitable personal protective equipment like water jet blankets, gloves,

helmets, safety belts, first aid boxes is provided to personnel in the plant &

detail of the same is given in Table-6.4.

Use of protective equipments is regularly checked and will be kept easily

accessible and easily workable during emergency.

Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation is carried out at

frequent intervals.

The workers exposed to higher noise level are provided with ear muffs/

ear plugs.

Drinking water supply for the employees is provided by the project

proponent and the standard of the drinking water is as per WHO

guidelines.

Proper sanitary facilities are made available by the project proponent so

that employees do not suffer from any health ailments.

Training includes information on accident prevention, proper control and

maintenance of equipment, first aid training and safe material handling

practices.

MSDS of the chemical used are made available at the place of use.

Storage and process areas are posted with “No Smoking” signs. Smoking

is prohibited throughout the factory. All management staff, Executives on

their rounds to factory ensures the compliance.

Adequate ventilation is provided in process area so that airborne

concentration does not exceed threshold limit value.


Recommended actions to prevent exposure to gas are as follows:

Design facility ventilation to maximize air circulation.

Installed exhaust ventilation at the significant point sources of gas

emissions.

Provided a sealed cabin with filtered air conditioning for an operator

needed in a contaminated area.

Provided separated eating facilities that allow for washing before eating.

Provided facilities that allow work clothes to be separated from personal

clothes, and for washing / showering after work.

Implemented a policy for periodic health checks.

Recommended actions for respiratory protection include the following:

For light, metallic dust and gases, fresh-air supplied respirators are used.

Alternatively, a complete facial gas mask (or an “overpressure” helmet)

are used.


Table - 6.6: Prospective of Health Aspects, Impact and RemediesPotential Health Aspect

Potential Health Effect First Aid Measures Remedies

INHALATION (acute)

Severe Irritant & Pneumonitis may occur. Severe respiratory disturbances. Effects from

inhalation of dust or mist to serious damage of the upper respiratory

tract causing coughing, burns, breathing difficulty and possible coma. Symptoms may include sneezing sore throat or runny

nose. Lack of sufficient oxygen may cause serious injury or death.

INHALATION (chronic)

Prolonged contact with dilute solutions or dust has a destructive

effect upon tissue. Repeated exposure may cause erosion of teeth. May cause conjunctivitis

and photosensitization. Prolonged inhalation can cause irritation of

mucous membranes.

Remove to fresh air, if not breathing

give artificial respiration. Get

medical attention immediately.

A system of local/general

exhaust is recommended. Wear a NIOSH

approved respirator when exposed to dust above exposure

limits.

EYECONTACT (acute/ chronic)

May cause eye irritation, severe burns and damage to cornea. That may result in permanent

impairment of vision, even blindness.

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of

water. Lifting upper and lower

eyelids immediately. Get

medical aid.

Wear safety goggles and/or full

face shield to prevent

Contact with eyes. Maintain eye wash

fountain and quick-drench

facilities in work area.

SKIN CONTACT (acute/ chronic)

May cause irritation, severe burns scaring with greater exposures

and photosensitization in certain individuals.

Immediately flush skin with soap and

plenty of water. Remove

contaminated clothing and shoes. Get

medical advice if irritation develops.

Wear impervious gloves, shoes and

protective clothing to prevent

skin contact

INGESTION (acute/ chronic)

Swallowing may cause severe burns of mouth, throat and

stomach. May cause permanent tissue destruction of the

esophagus and digestive tracts. Symptoms may include Bleeding, Vomiting, Diarrhea and possible

death.

Do not induce vomiting, but drink plenty of water or milk. Never give

anything by mouth to an unconscious

person. Seek Medical attention

for discomfort.

Wear face mask to prevent contact

with mouth.


In addition to regular control measures to prevent the health hazards to the

workers, the following check-up are carried out regularly to avoid occupational

hazard.

Pre-employment medical check-up at the time of employment.

The unit has appointed the medical officer cum industrial hygienist for the

regular medical examination and treatment of the employee.

Certificate of fitness of employ is maintained. Reference medical check up

report of an employ is attached as Annexure-XVII.

Unit has also taken Steps to avoid musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD), backache,

pain in minor and major joints, fatigue etc.

Crane/fork lift/trolley for Loading, unloading & movement of the heavy

containers/bags etc. of raw material as well as product which ever is

appropriate.

Suitable flooring to allow easy movement of equipment. Earmarked/Anti skid

flooring is provided for the movement of the plant personnel.

Adequate ventilation and temperature control to ensure the comfort of user.

Adjustable room lighting with easily accessible dimmer controls; shaded

windows to eliminate light.

Accessories that improve posture and reduce muscular force should be

available and easily accessible to the user.

Adequate rest breaks between working hours is provided particularly for

procedures comprised of similar postural and muscular force attributes.

Regular shift changing is maintained to reduce mental physical burden on

the workers.

Maintain all equipment in good working order.

Unit has also planned to take following measures during proposed expansion.

Appropriate training will be given to workers on the risk & prevention of

musculo disorder.

Perform risk assessments in consultation with the users on a regular basis to

identify musculoskeletal disorders and formulate and implement controls for

the prevention and/or reduction of these disorders.

Task rotation will be encouraged in the workplace as much as possible.

Documents

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