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European Influences
Europe is a heart for many contemporary global ideas and practices Democracy Christianity Colonialism Imperialism The Enlightenment
Nationalism Fascism Socialism Communism Genocide
Diversity, Conflict, and Technological Innovation
Migrations of Peoples Early cultural groups: Greeks, Celts, Romans Other cultural groups: Germanic & Slavic Peoples
The Rise of European Global Power Capitalism, Colonialism & Imperialism Industrial Revolution
Nations, States, and Nation-States Nationalism and World Wars
Genocide
Natural Environment
Climate Midlatitude west coast climates Mediterranean climate Midlatitude continental interior climate
Natural Environment
Geologic Variety Ancient shield areas around the Baltic Sea Uplands of Central Europe
Iberian Meseta, Massif Central, Brittany, Rhine Highlands, Bohemian Massif, British and Norwegian uplands
Young folded mountains Alps, Sierra Nevada, Pyrenees, Apennines,
Dinaric Alps, Pindus, Carpathians, Balkans Extensive plains
North European Plain
Natural Environment
Long Coastlines and Navigable Rivers Peninsulas
Scandinavia, Jutland, Brittany, Iberia, Italy, Greece Seas
Baltic, North, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Aegean Major Rivers
Rhine, Elbe, Danube, Rhone, Seine, Loire, Thames, Vistula, Po
Estuaries: where rivers meet the seas Important port locations
Natural Environment
Forests, Fertile Soils, and Marine Resources Loess soils
Natural and Human Resources Environmental Issues
From Forests to Farms Impacts of industrialization East Central Europe and the Black Triangle Global environmental action Mediterranean Sea Waste Management
Global Changes and Local Responses
Europe after 1945 Communism
Democratic Centralism State Socialism Planned Economies
NATO European Union Supranationalism
Global Changes and Local Responses
Devolution within European Countries Devolution
Local peoples desiring less rule from national governments
Euroregions Border areas of differing countries within European
Union countries where the people within them work together to make trans-boundary movement easier
Global Changes and Local Responses
Population Patterns Dynamics
Low and Zero population growth rates Exceptions: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia
Urban-Rural Shifts Urbanization and Urban Landscapes
Gentrification Women, Power, and Social Position
Global Changes and Local Responses
Changes in Europe’s Economic Geography Productive capacity Producer goods Agglomeration economies Geographic inertia Deindustrialization
Global Changes and Local Responses
Planning and Privatization Manufacturing in non-Communist Europe
1950s: locating new factories in poor areas 1970s: EU regional policy 1980s & 1990s: reduction in government protections 2000s: extensive privatization
Global Changes and Local Responses
Agriculture Concentration Intensification Specialization Agribusiness Extensification
Tourism Global City-Regions
Western Europe
Countries France United Kingdom The Low Countries: Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg Alpine Countries: Austria, Switzerland,
Liechtenstein Germany
Western Europe
People: Ethnicity and Culture Immigrant Workforces
Guest workers Refugees
Economic Development Sophisticated Manufacturing Industries
Autos, airplanes Energy Sources
Coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear Service Industries
Producer services, productivity
Northern Europe
People: Ethnicity and Culture Scandinavians, Finns, Sami Evangelical Lutheran Christianity
Economic Development Primary
Agriculture: Denmark; Wood products: Sweden, Finland; Oil and gas: Norway
Manufacturing High-tech: Sweden
Overall: high GDP per capita
Mediterranean Europe
Countries Portugal Spain Andorra Monaco Italy Vatican City (Holy See) San Marino Malta Greece
Mediterranean Europe
People: Ethnicity and Culture Romance languages, Roman Catholicism
Portuguese, Spain, Italy Eastern Orthodox, Cyrillic alphabet
Greece
Mediterranean Europe
Economic Development Agriculture
Market gardening Tourism
Major industry Historic sights Beaches
East Central Europe
Countries Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary
Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Bosnia & Herzegovina Serbia & Montenegro Macedonia
East Central Europe
Yugoslavia Created following World War I Culture
Slovenes & Croats: Roman Catholic Serbs, Macedonians, Bulgarians: Eastern Orthodox Bosnians: Muslims, Roman Catholic, E. Orthodox
Devolution in 1990 Armed conflict involving Croats, Serbs, Bosnians Kosovo
East Central Europe
People: Ethnicity and Culture Peoples
Western Slavs: Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Sorbs South Slavs: Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, Bulgarians,
Macedonians Language
Slavic languages dominate Romanian is Romance language; Estonian is Finno-Ugric
East Central Europe
Ethnic Tensions Irredentism Ethnic cleansing
Assimilation, expulsion, extermination Genocidal rape
East Central Europe
Economic Development Region late to industrialize
Prior to World War I, the region was dominated by empires who treated
Dominance of Communism following World War II Collapse of Communism
Reorientation towards Western Europe Most successful: Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Slovenia, Baltic countries