Chapter 3

Key Concepts

additive bilingualism

additive bilingualism

Language learning situation in which learning a second language is not at the expense of development of the L1; both languages are supported and valued.

bilingual education

bilingual education

Schooling in two languages

dual-language instruction

dual-language instruction

Language education in which children who are native speakers from each of the target language communities, both majority and minority language speakers, share the classroom.

heritage language

heritage language

A language acquired by individuals raised in homes where a dominant language in the larger society, such as English in the U.S., is not spoken or is not exclusively spoken.

immersion education or instruction

Immersion education or instruction

A form of bilingual education in which students are taught through the medium of a second language, along with some instruction through their L1.

subtractive bilingualism

subtractive bilingualism

Language learning situation in which the majority language is learned at the expense of the native language of minority language speakers.