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Chapter 34Degrees of Adjectives
Big Bigger Biggest
Positive degreePositive degree
altus, alta, altum: high/tall/deep
Haec arbor est altaalta.This tree is talltall.
fortis, forte-brave/strongVir conduxit fortesfortes lecticarios.
The man hired strongstrong litter-bearers.
Positive degree adjectives are used simply to describe something
Declension of positive Declension of positive degreedegree
Adjectives of positive degree are either Adjectives of positive degree are either in 1in 1stst/2/2ndnd declension or 3 declension or 3rdrd declension. declension.
altus alta altumalti altae altialto altae altoaltum altam altumalto altā alto
alti altae altaaltorum altarum altorumaltis altis altis altos altas altaaltis altis altis
fortis fortis fortefortis fortis fortisforti forti fortifortem fortem forteforti forti forti
fortes fortes fortiafortium fortium fortiumfortibus fortibus fortibusfortes fortes fortiafortibus fortibus fortibus
Singular Plural
1st/2nd
3rd
Comparative degreeComparative degree
Two nouns being compared must be the same case.Two nouns being compared must be the same case.
Used when comparing one noun to another.
This tree is taller than that tree.Haec arbor est altioraltior quam illa arbor.
The man hired stronger litterbearers.Vir conduxi fortioresfortiores lecticarios
Forming comparative Forming comparative degree from positive degree degree from positive degree adjectiveadjective
OR one can translate comparative degree using more rather too
1st/2nd declension adjectivesaltus, alta, altum
high, tall, deep1. Find the base in the feminine form minus the feminine ending: alta – a = alt-2. Add –ior, -ius = altior, altius
higher, taller, deeper
3rd declension adjectivesfortis, forte
brave, strong1. Find the base in the feminine form minus the feminine ending: fortis – is = fort-2. Add –ior, -ius = fortior, fortius
braver, stronger
Declining comparative Declining comparative degreedegree
altior altior altiusaltioris altioris altiorisaltiori altiori altiorialtiorem altiorem altiusaltiore altiore altiore
altiores altiores altioraaltiorum altiorum altiorumaltioribus altioribus altioribusaltiores altiores altioraaltioribus altioribus altioribus
fortior fortior fortiusfortioris fortioris fortiorisfortiori fortiori fortiori fortiorem fortiorem fortiusfortiore fortiore fortiore
fortiores fortiores fortiorafortiorum fortiorum fortiorumfortioribus fortioribus fortioribusfortiores fortiores fortiorafortioribus fortioribus fortioribus
Comparative degree adjectives are all 3rd declension, regardless of the declension of their positive degree
Singular Plural
Superlative degreeSuperlative degreeUsed when comparing one noun to a group.
This tree is the tallest.Haec arbor est altissimaaltissima.
The man hired the strongest litterbearers.Vir conduxit fortissimosfortissimos lecticarios.
Forming superlative degree Forming superlative degree from positive degree adjectivefrom positive degree adjective
11stst/2/2ndnd declension adjectives declension adjectivesaltus, alta, altumaltus, alta, altum
high, tall, deephigh, tall, deep1. Find the base in the feminine form minus the feminine ending: alta – a = alt-1. Find the base in the feminine form minus the feminine ending: alta – a = alt-2. Add –issimus, -issima, -issimum=altissimus, altissima, altissimum2. Add –issimus, -issima, -issimum=altissimus, altissima, altissimum
highest, tallest, deepesthighest, tallest, deepest
33rdrd declension adjectives declension adjectivesfortis, fortefortis, forte
brave, strongbrave, strong1. Find the base in the feminine form minus the feminine ending: fortis – is = fort-1. Find the base in the feminine form minus the feminine ending: fortis – is = fort-2.2. Add –issimus, -issima, -issimum=fortissimus, fortissima, fortissimumAdd –issimus, -issima, -issimum=fortissimus, fortissima, fortissimum
bravest, strongestbravest, strongest
OR one can translate superlative degree using very
Declining superlative Declining superlative degreedegree
altissimus altissima altissimumaltissimi altissimae altissimialtissimo altissimae altissimoaltissimum altissimam altissimumaltissimo altissima altissimo
altissimi altissimae altissimaaltissimorum altissimarum altissimorumaltissimis altissimis altissimisaltissimos altissimas altissimaaltissimis altissimis altissimis
fortissimus fortissima fortissimumfortissimi fortissimae fortissimifortissimo fortissimae fortissimofortissimum fortissimam fortissimumfortissimo fortissima fortissmo
fortissimi fortissimae fortissimafortissimorum fortissimarum fortissimorumfortissimis fortissimis fortissimisfortissimos fortissimas fortissimafortissimis fortissmis fortissimis
All superlative degree adjectives are 1st/2nd declension, regardless of the declension of their positive degree
Singular Plural