Chapter 34: East Asia & Southeast Asia Section 1: Japan Becomes an Economic Power Section 2: From Revolution to Reform in China Section 3: The Asian Tigers

Chapter 34:Chapter 34:East Asia & East Asia &

Southeast AsiaSoutheast AsiaSection 1: Japan Becomes an Section 1: Japan Becomes an Economic PowerEconomic Power

Section 2: From Revolution to Reform Section 2: From Revolution to Reform in Chinain China

Section 3: The Asian TigersSection 3: The Asian Tigers

Section 4: Southeast Asia and the Section 4: Southeast Asia and the Pacific RimPacific Rim

Section 1: Japan Becomes an Section 1: Japan Becomes an Economic PowerEconomic Power

Summary: Summary: Due to a number of favorable factors, Due to a number of favorable factors,

Japan emerged as an economic powerJapan emerged as an economic power


After WWII, the bombing left Japan After WWII, the bombing left Japan devastateddevastated The job of recovery included rebuilding The job of recovery included rebuilding

burned-out cities and finding food and burned-out cities and finding food and housing for the peoplehousing for the people

Allied forces, led by Gen. MacArthur, Allied forces, led by Gen. MacArthur, occupied the landoccupied the land The Allied forces had 2 goals:The Allied forces had 2 goals:

Stop Japan from rebuilding its militaryStop Japan from rebuilding its military Set up a democratic government in JapanSet up a democratic government in Japan


In 1946, a new constitution let the In 1946, a new constitution let the Japanese elect lawmakersJapanese elect lawmakers From this constitution:From this constitution:

Women gained equalityWomen gained equality Civil rights were guardedCivil rights were guarded The Emperor lost powerThe Emperor lost power

In 1952, the Allied occupation endedIn 1952, the Allied occupation ended


By 1975, Japan had made an economic By 1975, Japan had made an economic recoveryrecovery Success came from the production of exportsSuccess came from the production of exports

Japan sent steel, cars and electronics all over the Japan sent steel, cars and electronics all over the worldworld

Why did Japan succeed?Why did Japan succeed? It had a large force of educated workersIt had a large force of educated workers New factories had modern machinesNew factories had modern machines High tariffs on foreign imports encouraged High tariffs on foreign imports encouraged

people to buy local goodspeople to buy local goods Small defense budgetSmall defense budget


Along with economic success, Japan had Along with economic success, Japan had its problemsits problems Global events, like the Global events, like the 1970s oil crisis1970s oil crisis, ,

meant a shortage of raw materials for a meant a shortage of raw materials for a country with few natural resourcescountry with few natural resources

80% of the population lived in crowded 80% of the population lived in crowded citiescities

Past success came, in part, because Past success came, in part, because employees gave their lives to workemployees gave their lives to work Now, some seemed less willing to give up Now, some seemed less willing to give up

family timefamily time

Section 2: From Revolution Section 2: From Revolution to Reform in Chinato Reform in China

Summary:Summary: Communists succeeded in unifying Communists succeeded in unifying

China in 1949China in 1949 They carried out reforms while They carried out reforms while

building a totalitarian statebuilding a totalitarian state


After WWII, conflict in China continuedAfter WWII, conflict in China continued Mao ZedongMao Zedong led the communists to led the communists to

victory over the Nationalistsvictory over the Nationalists Communists won control for several reasonsCommunists won control for several reasons

Mao won support from the peasants by promising Mao won support from the peasants by promising them landthem land

Communists valued all workers, so most women Communists valued all workers, so most women also backed Maoalso backed Mao

Mao’s army was better than the Nationalists’Mao’s army was better than the Nationalists’ In 1949, Mao united the Chinese under In 1949, Mao united the Chinese under

communism and set up the People’s Republic of communism and set up the People’s Republic of ChinaChina


Mao ran a Mao ran a TTotalitarian stateotalitarian state He put all business in party handsHe put all business in party hands He encouraged peasants to join lands He encouraged peasants to join lands

together to make larger farmstogether to make larger farms Communist ideas replaced religionCommunist ideas replaced religion New schools taught students to praise New schools taught students to praise

MaoMao


In 1958, Mao launched a program In 1958, Mao launched a program known as the known as the Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward This program called for This program called for communescommunes, ,

groups of people who live and work groups of people who live and work together, to meet production together, to meet production quotasquotas, , or sharesor shares The Program failed, and millions starved The Program failed, and millions starved

to death in the famine that followedto death in the famine that followed


In 1966, the In 1966, the Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution forced people to be loyal to Maoforced people to be loyal to Mao The The Red GuardsRed Guards made sure people made sure people

followed Mao’s policiesfollowed Mao’s policies


In 1976, Mao diedIn 1976, Mao died New Chinese leadership brought more New Chinese leadership brought more

economic freedom, but little political economic freedom, but little political changechange Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping introduced the introduced the Four Four ModernizationsModernizations aimed at updating aimed at updating farming, industry, science and defensefarming, industry, science and defense


In 1989, the army fiercely crushed a In 1989, the army fiercely crushed a student rally for democracy at student rally for democracy at Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square

In the 1980s and 1990s, China has In the 1980s and 1990s, China has tried to control its birthratetried to control its birthrate

Chinese leaders face the challenge Chinese leaders face the challenge of providing food, homes and jobs of providing food, homes and jobs for more than one billion peoplefor more than one billion people


Summary:Summary: The nations known as the Asian Tigers The nations known as the Asian Tigers

have combined industrialization, trade have combined industrialization, trade and finance to achieve remarkable and finance to achieve remarkable economic growtheconomic growth


Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea are called the ‘South Korea are called the ‘Asian Asian TigersTigers’ because of their strong ’ because of their strong recovery after WWIIrecovery after WWII Their locations close to China and near Their locations close to China and near

major ocean trading routes helped major ocean trading routes helped their economies grow rapidlytheir economies grow rapidly


All four ‘All four ‘Asian TigersAsian Tigers’ were ’ were influenced by Confucian ideas and influenced by Confucian ideas and Chinese powerChinese power Taiwan and Hong Kong have especially Taiwan and Hong Kong have especially

strong links to Chinastrong links to China Hong Kong reunited with China in 1997Hong Kong reunited with China in 1997

Taiwan remains a separate islandTaiwan remains a separate island


After 1945, the ‘Asian Tigers’ After 1945, the ‘Asian Tigers’ became economic giants and centers became economic giants and centers of tradeof trade Their economic success began with Their economic success began with

light industry and then moved into light industry and then moved into heavy industry as wellheavy industry as well

These countries welcomed trade with These countries welcomed trade with China when its was closed to the rest China when its was closed to the rest of the worldof the world


The ‘The ‘Asian TigersAsian Tigers’ thrived not only ’ thrived not only because of trade but also because of because of trade but also because of electronics, textiles and bankingelectronics, textiles and banking As of 1980, Singapore, the smallest As of 1980, Singapore, the smallest

Asian TigerAsian Tiger, had the busiest port in , had the busiest port in the worldthe world


The Korean The Korean PeninsulaPeninsula was another was another area that suffered after WWIIarea that suffered after WWII After the war it was divided into After the war it was divided into

Communist North Korea and Communist North Korea and noncommunist South Koreanoncommunist South Korea In 1950, the North invaded the SouthIn 1950, the North invaded the South

A U.N. force helped the South while the A U.N. force helped the South while the Chinese helped the NorthChinese helped the North


A A trucetruce, or cease-fire, in 1953 left , or cease-fire, in 1953 left Korea still dividedKorea still divided South Korea became on of the ‘South Korea became on of the ‘Asian Asian

TigersTigers’’ North Korea struggled under totalitarian North Korea struggled under totalitarian

rule and a communist economyrule and a communist economy

Section 4: Southeast Asia and Section 4: Southeast Asia and the Pacific Rimthe Pacific Rim

Summary:Summary: Following WWII, Southeast Asian Following WWII, Southeast Asian

nations struggled to free themselves nations struggled to free themselves from colonial rulefrom colonial rule


After WWII, Europe hoped to regain After WWII, Europe hoped to regain its colonies in Southeast Asiaits colonies in Southeast Asia However, the colonies wanted to be However, the colonies wanted to be

freefree Whether freedom came easily, or after Whether freedom came easily, or after

years of war, the newly freed lands had years of war, the newly freed lands had problemsproblems

They had little practice with self-ruleThey had little practice with self-rule Regional and ethnic groups fought bitterlyRegional and ethnic groups fought bitterly Modernization proved difficultModernization proved difficult


A thirty-year period of war began in A thirty-year period of war began in 1946 in Vietnam, a French colony1946 in Vietnam, a French colony This struggle became a major Cold War This struggle became a major Cold War

conflictconflict In 1954, communist fighters forced out In 1954, communist fighters forced out

the Frenchthe French The nation split into Communist North The nation split into Communist North

and noncommunist Southand noncommunist South


To stop a Communist invasion of the To stop a Communist invasion of the South, the U.S. sent aid then troopsSouth, the U.S. sent aid then troops

The Soviet Union and China aided the The Soviet Union and China aided the NorthNorth

Americans protested the U.S. role in Americans protested the U.S. role in VietnamVietnam In 1973, U.S. troops began pulling outIn 1973, U.S. troops began pulling out In 1975, the communists reunited VietnamIn 1975, the communists reunited Vietnam

They later came to control Laos and CambodiaThey later came to control Laos and Cambodia


Asian countries in the Asian countries in the Pacific RimPacific Rim, , or countries bordering the Pacific or countries bordering the Pacific Ocean, became an important market Ocean, became an important market in the world economyin the world economy The whole region profited from the The whole region profited from the

busy ocean trade routes on which they busy ocean trade routes on which they are locatedare located Foreign investors brought in moneyForeign investors brought in money


In 1967, six lands, Singapore, In 1967, six lands, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia and Brunei – formed the Indonesia and Brunei – formed the Association of South East Asian Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to increase Nations (ASEAN) to increase prosperity and improve self-reliance prosperity and improve self-reliance

Documents

Chapter 34: East Asia & Southeast Asia Section 1: Japan Becomes an Economic Power Section 2: From Revolution to Reform in China Section 3: The Asian Tigers