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Chapter 4Chapter 4

Prefixes

2Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Identify and define common prefixes used in medical terms.

• Analyze, spell, and pronounce medical terms that contain prefixes.

3Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4

Lesson 4.1

4Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review Combining Forms Review Combining Forms

Combining Forms• carp/o• hemat/o• son/o• top/o

Meaning• wrist bones• blood• sound• place, position,

location

5Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review Combining Forms and Suffixes

Review Combining Forms and Suffixes

Suffix• -ation• -emia• -oma• -pnea

Meaning• process, condition• blood condition• tumor, mass• breathing

6Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic Prefixes Basic Prefixes

Meaning• no, not, without• up, apart• slow• with, together • through, complete

Prefix• a-, an-• ana-• brady-• con-• dia-

Example• apnea• analysis• bradycardia• congenital• diarrhea

7Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic Prefixes (cont’d.)Basic Prefixes (cont’d.)

Meaning• bad, painful, difficult• out, away from• new• back, again

Prefix• dys-• ex-• neo-• re-

Example• dysplasia• excision• neonatal• relapse

8Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Additional Medical TermsAdditional Medical Terms

• Adrenal Glands: endocrine glands located above each kidney

• Antibiotic: destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria

• Antigen: foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses

9Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

• Tachycardia: Condition of fast heartbeat • Bradycardia: Slow heartbeat • Congenital Anomaly: An irregularity in a

structure or organ that an infant is born with

• Dialysis: Removing harmful waste products from the body with an artificial kidney machine (dialysis machine)

10Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

• Ectopic Pregnancy: An abnormal pregnancy when the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes, but sometimes on an ovary or in the abdominal cavity

• Parathyroid Glands: Four endocrine glands located on the dorsal side of the thyroid gland that function separately from the thyroid gland

• Prolapse: To fall or slide forward, often used to describe an organ, such as a prolapsed uterus

11Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

• Retroperitoneal: Pertaining to behind the Peritoneum. The kidneys and adrenal glands are retroperitoneal organs.

• Syndrome: A group of signs or symptoms that commonly occur together and indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition

• Subcutaneous: Lower layer of the skin composed of fatty tissue

12Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.)

• Tachycardia: Condition of fast, rapid heart beat

• Transurethral: When an instrument passes through the urethra

• Ultrasonography: A diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image or photograph of an organ or tissue

13Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pronunciation of TermsPronunciation of Terms

Term• antepartum• bradycardia• endoscopy• hemiplegia• metastasis

Pronunciation• AN-te-PAR-tum• bra-de-KAR-de-ah• en-DOS-ko-pe• heh-me-PLE-jah• meh-TAS-tah-sis

14Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pronunciation of Terms (cont’d.)

Pronunciation of Terms (cont’d.)

Term• periosteum• retroperitoneal• tachycardia• unilateral

Pronunciation• per-e-OS-te-um• reh-tro-peri-ih-to-NE-al• tak-eh-KAR-de-ah• u-nih-LAT-er-al