Chapter 4 and 6

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Solar Radiation

Greenhouse Effect

Layers of the Atmosphere

Ozone Layer

Smog

100% Solar Radiation

20%

50%

Solar Radiation

• 70% of the suns solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s land, ocean, & atmosphere.

• 30% of the suns solar radiation is reflected by clouds, dust, air & land.

100% of the solar radiation.

Some radiation escapes back into space.

Greenhouse gases radiate energy back to Earth’s surface.

Gases in the troposhere.

H2O

CO2

CH4

NO2

Greenhouse effect

•The warming of the Earth’s surface and troposphere from gases that trap heat.

• The burning of fossil fuels adds CO2

• Deforestation (removing trees) reduces the use of CO2 by decreasing photosynthesis.

•The warmer the Earth, the more gases it traps.

Greenhouse effect

• Major gases:1.(H2O) Water 2.(CO2) Carbon dioxide (from burning fossil fuels)

3.(CH4) Methane (fossil fuels, livestock, landfills)

4.(NO2) Nitrous oxide (fossil fuels, fertilizers)• (O3) Ozone • (CCl3F) CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon)

Ozone layer O3 O3

O3

O3O3O3

H2OCO2 H2O

CO2

Satellites

meteor

Layers of the Atmosphere

• Exosphere – “outer space”

• Thermosphere – satellites are placed

• Mesosphere – meteors burn up

• Stratosphere – ozone layer, airplanes fly

• Troposhere– all weather occurs, almost all H2O and CO2 in the atmosphere

Ozone layer

• Ozone is O3

• Absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. (Earth’s sunscreen!)

• Has been damaged by humans use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) CCl3F and exhaust compounds (from airplanes).

• CCl3F CCl2F + Cl UV radiation• Naturally the ozone layer thins “the hole” in the

Spring over the Antarctic.

Smog

landocean

Normal Conditions: Warm air near the Earth rises. (Air is heated from below as the sun warms the Earth’s surface.)

Inversion Conditions: Colder air is near the Earth, trapped under warm air. Caused when a warm front (air mass) moves over a cold front (air mass).

Solar Radiation