Chapter 4: Fuels ME 419 Thermal Systems Design

Simple Organic Chemistry

ether group

alcohol group ester group

peroxide group

Xylene

Benzene

Toluene

From Obert, E., “Internal Combustion Engines”

from Obert, E. F., Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution, Third Edition, ISBN 0-352-04560-0, Harper Row Publishers, Inc. (1973)

from Obert, E. F., Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution, Third Edition, ISBN 0-352-04560-0, Harper Row Publishers, Inc. (1973)

from Obert, E. F., Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution, Third Edition, ISBN 0-352-04560-0, Harper Row Publishers, Inc. (1973)

Evaporation and Combustion

End Gas Region

Relationship between Time, Temperature, and Knock

Variables that control auto-ignition are: A Temperature B. Density C. Time (ignition delay) D. Composition 1. Fuel 2. F/A ratio 3. Turbulence 4. Other (catalysts, walls, gradients in temperature, etc.

From Obert, E., “Internal Combustion Engines”

Relationship between Octane Number and Cetane Number

•Copper Corrosion

•Pour Point

•Cloud Point

•Cold Filter Plugging Point

•Viscosity

•Lubricity

Diesel Fuel Specifications

•Cetane Number

•Total Contamination

•Carbon Residue

•Ash

•Flash Point

•Gum

Production of DME

Summary

• Nomenclature

▫ (know alkanes to octane and benzene compounds)

• Distillation and Distillation Curves

• Gasoline

▫ evaporation and combustion

▫ auto-ignition characteristics

▫ CFR engine and octane rating

• Diesel

▫ cetane number

▫ fuel specifications

▫ alternate fuels