Chapter 4

Study Guide

Thermal EnergyThermal Energy•Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles in matter

•The more thermal energy something has, the faster the particles move.

•Thermal energy is produced by many objects. For example, a toaster

•Thermal energy is known as heat.

When an ice cube When an ice cube melts it gains thermal melts it gains thermal

energyenergy

Ways To Produce Heat

1.) FRICTION- a force that occurs when one object rubs against another object

Ex.) rubbing your hands

2.) Electricity- toasters, electric ovens, hairdryers all use electricity to produce heat.

3. Mixing Matter- can a chemical change. Often when a chemical change occurs heat is given off

4. Burning fuels- campfires, burning oils, or natural gases all are used to produce heat.Temperature

•Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold something is

•A thermometer is a tool that is used to measure temperature

•A thermometer is measured in units called degrees.

*Fahrenheit and Celsius

•The higher the liquid is in the tube the hotter it is

•The lower the liquid is in the tube the colder it is

A persons normal body temperature is 98 degrees. When you are sick and have a fever you could have a body temperature as high as 102 degrees!!!!

Movement of Heat

Radiation

Radiation is the movement of energy by waves.

Ex) a lizard gets warm by laying in the sun.

Conduction

Conduction is the movement of heat from one solid to another when they touch.

ex.) a stove heats up a frying pan.

Dark colors absorb waves (get hot fast)

Light colors reflect waves (do not get hot fast)

Convection

Convection is the movement of heat through liquids and gases

Ex.) heat from a pan warms the air above it.

Conductors

A conductor is any material that allows heat to move through it easily .

ex) most metals, glass, and ceramic

Conductors are used to cook food.

Insulators

An insulator is any material that does not allow heat to move through it easily.

ex) wood, paper, rubber, and plastic

Fiberglass is an insulator that is used to keep houses warmer in the winter.

An oven mitt is an insulator. People wear oven mitts to keep their hands from the heat of a pan.