Chapter 4Chapter 4

The The American American

RevolutionRevolution1754 - 17831754 - 1783

What is the What is the difference between difference between a patriot and a a patriot and a rebel? Write one rebel? Write one paragraph paragraph explaining your explaining your opinion.opinion.

Chapter 4 Section 1Chapter 4 Section 1

The Colonies The Colonies Fight for Fight for

Their RightsTheir Rights

The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War

The French and English had been vying for The French and English had been vying for dominance in Europe since the late 1600s.dominance in Europe since the late 1600s.

The two European powers had fought three The two European powers had fought three major wars between 1689 and 1748.major wars between 1689 and 1748.

Most of the fighting took place in Europe, but Most of the fighting took place in Europe, but it was bound to eventually spill over into the it was bound to eventually spill over into the Americas and other colonies.Americas and other colonies.

Two Causes of the French & Indian WarTwo Causes of the French & Indian War

The French and English were in a The French and English were in a dispute over control of the Ohio dispute over control of the Ohio River Valley.River Valley.

The French built forts from Lake The French built forts from Lake Ontario to the Ohio River in an Ontario to the Ohio River in an attempt to block British claims in the attempt to block British claims in the region.region.

The Albany ConferenceThe Albany Conference

Seven colonies sent representatives Seven colonies sent representatives to meet with 150 Iroquois leaders in to meet with 150 Iroquois leaders in Albany, New York.Albany, New York.

The Iroquois would not join the The Iroquois would not join the colonies and English against the colonies and English against the French, but they did agree to stay French, but they did agree to stay neutral.neutral.

The Albany ConferenceThe Albany Conference

The colonies agreed that Britain The colonies agreed that Britain should appoint one supreme should appoint one supreme commander of all the British troops commander of all the British troops in the colonies.in the colonies.

Ben Franklin suggested the Ben Franklin suggested the Albany Albany Plan of UnionPlan of Union. .

The Albany Plan of UnionThe Albany Plan of UnionFranklin proposed that the colonies Franklin proposed that the colonies unite to form a federal government unite to form a federal government for the purpose of common defense.for the purpose of common defense.

The colonies rejected the plan, but The colonies rejected the plan, but it it proved that some colonial leaders proved that some colonial leaders were already looking at unificationwere already looking at unification. .

The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War

In 1756, the fighting spread to Eur-In 1756, the fighting spread to Eur-ope, they called it the Seven Year’s ope, they called it the Seven Year’s War.War.

Prime Minister William Pitt sent most Prime Minister William Pitt sent most of Britain’s troops to North America of Britain’s troops to North America and India to attack the French and and India to attack the French and seize their foreign empire. seize their foreign empire.

Writing Assignment for TodayWriting Assignment for Today

Write one paragraph on the following Write one paragraph on the following question:question:

Is there anything in your life that is worth Is there anything in your life that is worth fighting and dying for, why?fighting and dying for, why?

Give examples and details.Give examples and details.Be prepared to share your ideas and Be prepared to share your ideas and

keep in your notebook.keep in your notebook.

The The ActualActual First World War First World War

Britain had allies in Europe that Britain had allies in Europe that helped them fight the French in helped them fight the French in Europe.Europe.

Spain entered the war in 1761 on the Spain entered the war in 1761 on the side of France.side of France.

The Brits seized Spain’s colonies in The Brits seized Spain’s colonies in Cuba and the Philippines.Cuba and the Philippines.

The The ActualActual First World War First World War

The war was fought on four conti-The war was fought on four conti-nents, the Caribbean and the South nents, the Caribbean and the South Pacific.Pacific.

There were many countries that There were many countries that fought in the war: GB, France, Spain, fought in the war: GB, France, Spain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Sweden …Russia, Prussia, Austria, Sweden …

It was actually the first world war.It was actually the first world war.

The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris

The war ended in 1763 with the The war ended in 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.signing of the Treaty of Paris.

The treaty eliminated French power The treaty eliminated French power in North America.in North America.New France (Canada) became part of New France (Canada) became part of the British Empire, as did all of Loui-the British Empire, as did all of Loui-siana east of the Mississippi River.siana east of the Mississippi River.

The Proclamation Act of 1763The Proclamation Act of 1763In 1763 several Native American In 1763 several Native American groups joined together to fight the groups joined together to fight the British and colonists.British and colonists.They were led by Pontiac.They were led by Pontiac.

Pontiac led the Natives in several Pontiac led the Natives in several attacks on several frontier forts and attacks on several frontier forts and colonial settlers before British colonial settlers before British troops could stop them.troops could stop them.

The Proclamation Act of 1763The Proclamation Act of 1763The Natives attacked because The Natives attacked because colonists were settling on their land.colonists were settling on their land.

King George issued the King George issued the Royal Pro-Royal Pro-clamation of 1763clamation of 1763. It drew a north-. It drew a north-south line through the Appalachian south line through the Appalachian Mountains and declared that Mountains and declared that colonists could NOT settle west of colonists could NOT settle west of that line.that line.

Customs ReformCustoms ReformGeorge GrenvilleGeorge Grenville became prime became prime minister and first lord of the treasury minister and first lord of the treasury in 1763 and he was determined to in 1763 and he was determined to find a way to reduce Britain’s debt find a way to reduce Britain’s debt and pay for the 10,000 British troops and pay for the 10,000 British troops stationed in North America.stationed in North America.

Grenville Grenville implemented new tax implemented new tax policies in the colonies.policies in the colonies.

Customs ReformCustoms ReformGrenville Grenville convinced Parliament to convinced Parliament to allow him to place violators of the allow him to place violators of the customs and navigation laws on trial customs and navigation laws on trial in navy courts in Nova Scotia.in navy courts in Nova Scotia.

It was mostly smugglers that were It was mostly smugglers that were NOT paying NOT paying customs dutiescustoms duties..All of the above was a violation of All of the above was a violation of the colonists’ rights according to the the colonists’ rights according to the English Bill of Rights.English Bill of Rights.

Customs ReformCustoms ReformJohn Hancock John Hancock made a fortune on the made a fortune on the smuggling of sugar and molasses. smuggling of sugar and molasses. He was arrested and placed on trial He was arrested and placed on trial in Nova Scotia by the Royal Navy.in Nova Scotia by the Royal Navy.

Hancock was defended by a young Hancock was defended by a young colonial lawyer named colonial lawyer named John AdamsJohn Adams. . Adams argued that the trial denied Adams argued that the trial denied Hancock his rights as a British Hancock his rights as a British citizen.citizen.

The Sugar ActThe Sugar ActGrenvilleGrenville also also enactedenacted the the American American Revenue Act of 1764, Revenue Act of 1764, better known better known as theas the Sugar Act Sugar Act..

Besides sugar, the act also placed Besides sugar, the act also placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and indigo.pimento, and indigo.

The colonists argued this was The colonists argued this was taxation without representationtaxation without representation..

James OtisJames Otis

The Currency Act of 1764The Currency Act of 1764The new taxes causedThe new taxes caused inflation – a inflation – a rise in the prices of most goods and rise in the prices of most goods and services because money has lost its services because money has lost its value.value.Parliament passed the Parliament passed the Currency Act Currency Act of 1764of 1764 to slow inflation. It to slow inflation. It banned banned the use of paper money in the the use of paper money in the coloniescolonies, angering farmers & , angering farmers & artisans.artisans.

The Stamp Act CrisisThe Stamp Act CrisisTo raise money to pay for the war, To raise money to pay for the war, Parliament passed the Parliament passed the Stamp ActStamp Act in in 1765. Most 1765. Most printed materials were printed materials were stampedstamped. .

This was the This was the first direct tax placed first direct tax placed on the colonists by Britainon the colonists by Britain..

The Quartering ActThe Quartering ActAnother way that Parliament forced Another way that Parliament forced the colonists to pay for their own the colonists to pay for their own defense was the Quartering Act of defense was the Quartering Act of 1765.1765.

The Quartering Act required that The Quartering Act required that colonists provide places to stay for colonists provide places to stay for the British troops in the colonies.the British troops in the colonies.

Colonists ResistColonists Resist

In 1765, a Connecticut merchant, In 1765, a Connecticut merchant, named named Isaac SearsIsaac Sears, organized the , organized the Sons of LibertySons of Liberty..The group grew quickly throughout the The group grew quickly throughout the colonies.colonies.Organized demonstrations.Organized demonstrations.Intimidated stamp distributors, customs & Intimidated stamp distributors, customs & duty officers.duty officers.Tore down a Boston tax collector’s house Tore down a Boston tax collector’s house and used the wood for a huge bon fire.and used the wood for a huge bon fire.

Colonists ResistColonists Resist

Also in 1765, representatives from Also in 1765, representatives from nine colonies metnine colonies met in what came to in what came to be called the be called the Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress..John Dickinson wrote the Declaration of John Dickinson wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances.Rights and Grievances.It claimed that only colonial legislatures It claimed that only colonial legislatures elected by colonists could tax the colonies.elected by colonists could tax the colonies.They sent a petition to King George asking They sent a petition to King George asking him to repeal the Stamp Act.him to repeal the Stamp Act.

The Colonists Fight BackThe Colonists Fight Back

The colonists started having mass The colonists started having mass meetings in the summer of 1765.meetings in the summer of 1765.

They ignored the Stamp Act.They ignored the Stamp Act.

They decided to boycott British They decided to boycott British goods by signing a goods by signing a non-importation non-importation agreementagreement. .

They agreed They agreed NOTNOT to buy any British to buy any British goods until the goods until the Stamp Act wasStamp Act was repealed. It was repealed. It was repealed in 1766repealed in 1766..

Parliament was determined to show Parliament was determined to show the colonists that they were in the colonists that they were in charge.charge.

Parliament passed the Parliament passed the Declaratory Declaratory ActAct, which gave them the power to , which gave them the power to make laws for the colonies.make laws for the colonies.

This was one of the first colonial This was one of the first colonial laws that had nothing to do with laws that had nothing to do with trade or taxes.trade or taxes.

In In 17671767 GB finance minister GB finance minister Charles Charles Townshend introducedTownshend introduced a new set of a new set of regulations & taxes known as regulations & taxes known as the the Townshend ActsTownshend Acts..Revenue Act of 1767Revenue Act of 1767- placed new taxes on - placed new taxes on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea.glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea.It legalized the use of It legalized the use of general search general search warrants called writs of assistancewarrants called writs of assistance..British officials now had the British officials now had the power to seize power to seize property without following due processproperty without following due process..

The Townshend ActsThe Townshend Acts

John DickinsonJohn Dickinson published a series published a series of essays called of essays called Letters from a Letters from a Pennsylvania FarmerPennsylvania Farmer, he said:, he said: Only assemblies elected by colonists had Only assemblies elected by colonists had the right to levy taxes on colonists.the right to levy taxes on colonists. Colonists should resist the Townshend Colonists should resist the Townshend Acts.Acts.Claimed that writs of assistance were Claimed that writs of assistance were instruments of slavery.instruments of slavery.

The Townshend ActsThe Townshend Acts

Sam Adams Sam Adams andand James Otis James Otis wrote a wrote a circular lettercircular letter that pointed out that that pointed out that the the taxestaxes that were being collected that were being collected would be would be used to pay the govern-used to pay the govern-ment officialsment officials; a ; a dutyduty that had that had be-be-longed to colonial assemblieslonged to colonial assemblies..

Action & ReactionAction & Reaction

A A circular lettercircular letter is like an e-mail that keeps is like an e-mail that keeps getting getting forwarded all over the placeforwarded all over the place. They . They were very common during this time, they were were very common during this time, they were slow but effectiveslow but effective..

The The Virginia House of BurgessesVirginia House of Burgesses passed a passed a resolution in resolution in 17691769 that stated they were that stated they were the the only body that could tax Virginiansonly body that could tax Virginians. The . The resolution was called the resolution was called the Virginia ResolvesVirginia Resolves..

Action & ReactionAction & Reaction

Great BritainGreat Britain order the governor of Virginia to order the governor of Virginia to dissolve the H. of B.dissolve the H. of B. in response. in response.

George Washington, Patrick Henry & Thomas George Washington, Patrick Henry & Thomas JeffersonJefferson immediately called for a convention immediately called for a convention that that called for the non-importation of British called for the non-importation of British goods into Virginiagoods into Virginia..

Women got involved, calling themselves the Women got involved, calling themselves the Daughters of LibertyDaughters of Liberty..They quit drinking British tea.They quit drinking British tea.Stopped buying British cloth & thread.Stopped buying British cloth & thread.Started spinning their own rough cloth, Started spinning their own rough cloth, called “called “homespunhomespun.”.”Wearing “homespun” became a sign of Wearing “homespun” became a sign of patriotismpatriotism

Action & ReactionAction & Reaction

The colonial boycotts caused a drastic drop in The colonial boycotts caused a drastic drop in the amount of British imports to the colonies.the amount of British imports to the colonies.

In late 1768, In late 1768, GB sent 1,000 troops to BostonGB sent 1,000 troops to Boston to maintain order & protect tax collectors.to maintain order & protect tax collectors.The colonists called the red-clad soldiers The colonists called the red-clad soldiers “lobster backs.”“lobster backs.”In March of 1770, In March of 1770, a crowd of colonists started a crowd of colonists started taunting & throwing snowballs at a young GB taunting & throwing snowballs at a young GB soldiersoldier..More More GB soldiersGB soldiers came and came and opened fire opened fire on what on what had now become a mob.had now become a mob.The The first colonists to die was Crispus Attucksfirst colonists to die was Crispus Attucks, a , a man of African & Native American descent.man of African & Native American descent.In total five colonists were killed that day.In total five colonists were killed that day.

The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre

17641764 Sugar ActSugar Act

The Causes of the TensionsThe Causes of the Tensions

17651765 Stamp ActStamp Act

17671767 Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

17731773 Tea Act Tea Act (next section)(next section)

17741774 Coercive Acts Coercive Acts (next section)(next section)

Colonists protested that their rights were Colonists protested that their rights were being violated.being violated.

The Effects of the TensionsThe Effects of the Tensions

Nine colonies held Stamp Act Congress.Nine colonies held Stamp Act Congress. Colonists boycotted British goods.Colonists boycotted British goods. The Sons and Daughters of Liberty were The Sons and Daughters of Liberty were formed to organize colonial protests.formed to organize colonial protests. Tea was dumped in Boston Harbor to Tea was dumped in Boston Harbor to protest a British tax on tea. (protest a British tax on tea. (next sectionnext section)) Twelve colonies attended the First Twelve colonies attended the First Continental Congress in 1774. (Continental Congress in 1774. (next sectionnext section))