Chapter 4 – The Variety of Resources on

8/3/2019 Chapter 4 The Variety of Resources on

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Chapter 4 The Variety of

Resources on Earth


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The Earth has the resources tosustain life.

The resources are: air,

water, soil, minerals, fossilfuels and living things.


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Air

Atmosphere is the

layer of air surrounds

the Earth.

Air consists of

oxygen, nitrogen,

carbon dioxide, water

vapour and inert

gases.

Air contains dust and

microorganisms.


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Water

Water covers three

quarters of the Earths

surface.

The sources of are

oceans, seas, rivers,

lake, rainfall and

groundwater.


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Soil

The outer layer of the Earth.

Made up of mixture of mineral matter, organicmatter, air and water.

Organic matter includes:- organic litter (fallen leaves, twigs, fruits andanimals droppings and carcasses on the soilsurface.

- humus formed from decomposition of organicmatter.

- Microorganisms living in the soil.


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Soil

It support the plant

growth.

Water and air are found

in the pore space in the

soil. This enable the soil

to become the habitat

for various organism.


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Living things

The Earth is a habitat to various types of

flora and fauna

Green plants are able to make their ownfood. They use light energy from the sun,

water from the soil, can carbon dioxide

from the air through process

photosynthesis.


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Minerals

It is found naturally on land, in seas and oceans.

Example: iron, zinc, aluminium, tin, silver, gold

Required by our body for its systems to function

well.

Required by plants for healthy growth.

Minerals are mined because they are useful as

raw materials for many industries.


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Fossil fuels Are formed from the remains of animals and plants that

died millions of years ago. 3 types of fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas, coal.

Fossils fuel are used in power station to generateelectricity and to power vehicles as well as machine.

Coal and natural gas can be used after mining but

petroleum need to separated by fractional distillation. Example of fuels obtained from petroleum: diesel,

kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas.


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Elements

Made up of one type of particles.

Cannot be broken up into simpler

substances by any physical and chemicalmethods.

Examples: gold, sulphur, carbon


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Compounds

Made up two or more types of particles

which combined chemically.

Can be separated by chemical methodslike electrolysis.

Example: salt, carbon dioxide, water


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Mixtures

Made up two or more types of particles

which combine physically.

Can be separated by physical methodslike filtration, magnet.

Examples: air, soil, salt solution.


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Metals and non-metal

Characteristics Metals Non-metals

Appearance Shiny

Can bepolished

Dull

Cannot bepolished

Hardness Hard Soft

Conduction of

electricity

Good conductor

of electricity

Poor conductor

of electricity


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Metals and non-metalCharacteristics Metals Non-metals

Conduction of

heat

Good conductor

of heat

Poor conductor

of heat

Malleability Malleable

(can be beaten

into any

shapes)

Non malleable

Non-metals are

brittle.

Ductile Ductile (can be

pulled into

wires)

Non-ductile

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Chapter 4 – The Variety of Resources on