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THE OLD KINGDOM. Chapter 4.2. YouTube : The Old Kingdom. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSKBOilYBiY&sns=em. The Old Kingdom. Egypt was first made of two kingdoms Upper and Lower Upper-Southern Nile River Valley Lower-Northern Delta Menes was king of Upper Egypt - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 4.2THE OLD KINGDOM
YouTube: The Old Kingdom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSKB
OilYBiY&sns=em
The Old Kingdom Egypt was first made of two kingdoms
Upper and LowerUpper-Southern Nile River ValleyLower-Northern Delta
Menes was king of Upper EgyptHe led his army from the Southern Valley
into Lower EgyptConquered the Lower Kingdom and married
a princess
The Old Kingdom His marriage united the kingdoms He wore two crowns, the Upper and
Lower crownsHigh White one from the south (Upper)Low red one from the north (Lower)
Menes declared a new capital of Egypt in MemphisBorder city
The Double Crown
Map
Old Kingdom 2600 BCE, the Old Kingdom arose (500
years)Cities were centers of religion and
governmentCity centers housed Kings, priests,
government officials, and artisans Many Egyptians did not live in the city,
but large estates on the Nile banks.Rich owners had gardens and pools
Home of the Rich The homes had many paintings
depicting daily life Family, servants and artisans lived there
Artisan were hired to build boats, weave linen, and make tools/pottery
Egyptian Farmers Most Egyptians did not live in the center
of the city or on the banks of the Nile. Most lived on the rich estates as farmers
Homes made of reed and mud, and later sun-baked brick.
Had one room, palm leave roof and built on high ground to avoid flood waters
Worked fields, built monuments, dug ditches, and repaired roads
The Pharaoh Pharaoh is a king
Meaning “great house” Pharaoh was ruler, priest, and a god Center of life and ruled on earth as
god’s ruled in heaven Owned all land, often gave as a gift to
the rich Maintained the land, kept up with it to
make sure it could produce
The Pharaoh Made sure canals were made and
repaired Developed granaries to house the grain
so people would not starve if a bad harvest
Elected all officials Taxed and issued building permits, trade
went through Pharaoh first Word of Pharaoh was law
The Pharaoh People believed fate of Egypt depended
on Pharaoh’s actions Carried out rituals to ensure good
harvest Treated with respect, flutes were played
when he appeared Bowed and smelled the earth, or
brought head to ground
YouTube Video: The Pyramids http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycUbk
jfW1Xc&sns=em
The Pyramids Pyramids were built out of respect for
the Pharaoh’s. Pyramids were great tombs built for
Pharaoh’s as “Houses of Eternity” Built in west to avoid flood waters Built to protect Pharaoh and his
belongings EVERYTHING was placed in tomb
The Pyramids
Making the Pyramids Farmers worked on them for the 3
summer months (flooded fields) Used copper tools to cut granite and
limestone blocks that were shipped down the Nile from the quarries
After unloaded workers brought them to building site and dragged the blocks up ramps to create the layers
YouTube Video: Making the Pyramids http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CpjM
xXG52s
Making the Pyramids
Religious Beliefs Believed in many god’s River God Hapi and Sun God Re were
most importantRiver brought water and fertile soil and sun
grows crops Osiris is god of harvest and eternal life
The God: Re (Sun God)
The God: Hapi (River God)
The God’s: Osiris (God of Harvest)
Mummification Egyptians used the technique of
embalmment to preserve the bodies of the dead.First only used with Pharaoh to preserve the
body so the soul could live on and watch over Egypt
Body placed in wood box and covered with natronNatron dried up water in body and shrunk it
Mummification Body was wrapped in linen Poor people were buried in sand, while
rich in tombs