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Chapter 5Colonial Society on the Eve Of
Revolution13 colonies is misleading
England controlled 32 in new world
Conquest by Cradles
• 1700-300,000 1775-2.5 million(mil.black)• 800,000 imports-rest by natural causes• Colonists pop. Doubling every 25 years• Avg age 1775-SIXTEEN• Political consequences-1700-20:1 1775-3:1• Clustered on coast(TN/KY.)• Population rank 1775-Va./Mass/Pa./N.C./MD• 90% pop. Rural- Only 4 cities
A Mingling of Races
• Melting Pot-though most are?
• Create a chart with ethnic groups and their % in 1775
• Describe each ethnic group-push/pull factor and demographics and place of settlement
• Cre’vecoeur saw a new ‘man’ dawn
The Structure of Colonial Society
• Majority-land owning farmers• No all powerful upper class-nor large unseemly lower
one• Key feature rags to riches story• 18th century saw a slight rise in standard of living for
some-those benefiting from?• By 1750-top 10% in Philly and Boston owned 2/3• War brought destitute and almshouses• Planter class dominates south• Lower classes swelled by Indentured servants
Structure of Colonial Society cont.
• Southern gap between haves and have nots greatest
• 1700’s saw the colonies used as a dumping ground for undesirables
• On the bottom of the social ladder were slaves-whose #’s continued to increase
• Attempt made by SC to stop imports-crown stops the bid-source of future contention
Clerics, Physicins,Jurists
• Most honored profession in 18th cent.? Though losing rank-still high
• Physicians not very well respected-mostly feared-early physicians were on a par with barbers. Epedemics swept the colonies
• Law- looked down upon-considered on a par with drunks and brothel keepers(bigpimpin)-Adams’ future father in law frowned upon hearing of his new son in law’s chosen profession
Work-a-day America
• Agriculture was the leading industry• Tobacco #1 in VA/Md though wheat making
inroads-Why?• Middle colonies-Bread basket-NY-1759 export
80,000 barrels of flour• Standard of living probably higher for our masses
than for any Civilization up to that time• Fishing-done in all 13-most important in ?• Shipbuilding goes with fishing
Work-a-day cont.
• Commerce centered in middle colonies-NY and Philadelphia
• Manufacturing was slow to take root-England discouraged it and one could make a better living by farming
• Manufacturing that did exist-rum distilling/iron forges/beaver hats/spinning and weaving cloth
• Skilled labor hard to come by-wages were good• Lumber was most important manufacturing item• Shipbuilding consumed a lot of wood
Work-a-day cont.
• Large % of British fleet and merchant marine built in colonies
• Naval stores were coveted-pitch/tar/rosin/hemp/turpentine
• King treated those well-who made NS• King also limited colonists access to her
own trees-Broad Arrows
Strains Appear
• Americans were an important cog in England’s machine
• By early 1730’s trade imbalance hits the markets.• England could not buy enough of our goods so we
could not afford their goods. • Solution-seek buyers outside the crown-problem?• Mercantilism-• 1733-Molasses Act passed!!!
Horsepower and Sail Power
• Pioneers-transportation always a problem• Labor and capital shortages makes matters worse• Major cities not connected until 1700’s• Travel by boat common• Roads dangerous-wills in order?• Taverns/Inns days travel apart-breeding ground
for politics• Mail routes public/private
Dominant Denominations
• 2 established churches 1775-what are they?
• Anglicans est. where? Hindered by security of crown support-hurt by no bishop
• Congregational church in N.E.(R.I.)
• Read charts
Great Awakening
• Zeal is lost-2 burdens make it worse• “dead dogs”-ministers who were boring• Lay liberalism-reduce standards-good works-Jacob
Arminus• Stage was set for a major upheavel-1730’s• Jonathan Edwards-Folly of Goods Works-complete
dependence on God’s Grace• “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God”• Edwards was reserved in his delivery-Things will
change…
George Whitefield
• A former alehouse attendant…?• He will revolutionize the spiritual life of America• Actor’s comment…• He was a great orator• Revivals were a sight indeed• 2 schools of thought emerged-Old Lights did not
like new emotion- New Lights thought it was a +• Many new lights became baptists- a faith open to
emotion in sermons
Effects of the GA
• Older clergy was threatened
• The division it created in churches created new churches
• Created missionary work among natives
• ‘new light ‘ centers were created
• First spontaneous mass movement of the American people-”Americans” emerging
Education
• Education is for leadership not citizenship
• Reserved for the few
• New England will lead the way-good parishoners more important than good citizens-poem demonstrates change
• Conservative views in EDU.-reason was discouraged
A Provincial Culture
• American art/tastes were influenced by Britain
• Notable artists were-John Trumbull(1756-1843) Charles Wilson Peale(1741-1827)GW artist Benjamin West1738-1820 John singleton Copley 1738-1815
• Travel to Eng. to train- $ and time
Pioneer Presses
• John Peter Zenger