CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION.doc

8/20/2019 CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-5-conclusion-recommendationdoc 1/4

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

Many pipeline projects have been continuously building to get the gas and oil

from sea to the shore and also from platform to platform. The transportation of gas from

fields (offshore) to the shore is normally by using the sub-sea pipeline. The constructions

of Offshore Gas Pipelines are uite comple!" in #hich pre-commissioning activities

contains high ris$ that cause of schedule and cost impact.

%s the result based on the data and analysis provided" my company is successfully

performing Pre-commissioning process #hich include the cleaning" gauging" filling"

hydrotesting of &' dia. ! *.* $m pipeline from +,, platform to /& platform. The

provided Table 0., Pressure Test 1ata of &' Pipeline in esult and 1iscussion sho#ing

that the Pressure drop during test period is less than ,2 #hich can be defined as the

pipeline is clean from debris and other material tolerance. 3t4s prove that the Pre-

commissioning phase or process is successfully done and been certified by & rd party body

#hich is 1/5 (1ot /ors$e 5eritas). These process is managing to meet client schedule

and safety is in 6ero tolerance and no# the said pipeline is successfully returned to

Petronas to commence a gas flo#.



is$ management is an important part of the decision-ma$ing process of all

construction companies. is$ and uncertainty can potentially have damaging

conseuences for some construction projects. is$ can affect productivity" performance"

uality" and the budget of a project. is$ cannot be eliminated. The constructions of

Offshore Gas Pipelines are uite comple!" in #hich pre-commissioning activities

contains high ris$ that cause of schedule and cost impact. 3n some case" the ris$

occurrence leads to delay the #hole project comple!. The negative impacts to project

(cost and schedule) at lient and ontractors" or even serious disputes bet#een the

involved parties could be raised if no precautions are underta$en.

5.2 Recommendaion

onstructing and operating subsea pipelines in deep #ater reuires a tremendous

amount of care" consideration and management. The greater depths add increased

pressure on the pipelines" thus ma$ing necessary higher grade material to #ithstand the

pressure7 in addition" the #eight and corrosion resistivity of the materials also need to be

ta$en into consideration. Maintenance activities are also made harder due the increased

depths. 3n response pipeline technologies have made substantial improvements.

The increasing number of subsea and deep #ater developments brings ne#

challenges #hen there are no surface connections to the pipeline available for testing and

pre-commissioning. Once constructed8installed" such subsea and deep #ater systems still

must undergo certain pre-commissioning and commissioning operations" from initial

flooding" gauging and testing" up to final start up. 9hile the provision of such services in

shallo# #ater and topside-to-topside developments is routine" the same services at #ater

depths in e!cess of ,:0m-,:m pose many challenges.

These challenges" and the current8planned technologies to address them" including

;looding and Pigging subsea pipelines using a remote flooding module (;M). This

enables the use of available hydrostatic head to flood and pig subsea pipelines #hile

meeting the project reuirements in terms of pig speed" filtration" and chemical treatment.



ecommended to use of O5 driven pumping units to complete flooding and

pressuri6ation. <y using the hydraulic po#er from a #or$ class O5 to po#er a custom

built pump s$id connected onto the ;M" all pigging and pipeline testing can be

performed subsea.

The use of smart gauge tools (=GT) to gauge pipelines #ithout using aluminum

gauge plates. This allo#s the gauging of lines #ith reduced bore P>+Ts at each end.

%lso" this gives the ability to communicate the result of the gauging run through-#all

#ithout the need to recover the gauge plate to surface. This allo#s testing #ithout pig

recovery.

;urthermore" by using of subsea data loggers to record pressures and temperatures

during subsea testing" and use of systems to transmit this data to surface in real-time

during the test.

The need for ne# and improved pre-commissioning technologies is e!pected to be

particularly acute in the %sia8Pacific mar$et" #here there has been a significant increase

in deep #ater pipeline projects over the past fe# years.

3t is important to have a good plan is not only for pre-commissioning #or$ butalso for the #hole construction phase" in #hich the bad #eather #indo# of the sea must

avoid. The necessary euipment for #or$ must be arranged probably.

%s a part of is$ Management" revie# the uality document and certificates

completed #ith conformance inspect of materials and euipment are also conducted

probably. The design of pipeline is important reuirement. The designer has to foresee

construction reuirements and all project constrains have to be incorporated in his design.

%ny insufficient design can cause of problems for construction and pre-commissioning

phase.

<y revie# the uality document and certificates completed #ith conformance

inspect of materials and euipment are also conducted probably" but it can be minimi6ed"



transferred or retained. Therefore" &rd party certified body need to be hire to prove all the

data documented according to client standard. 3t4s also a part of the client reuirement.

Documents

CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION.doc