Chapter 5Chapter 5DrugsDrugs

Drug – natural or synthetic substance Drug – natural or synthetic substance used to produce physiological or used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humanspsychological effects in humans

More than 75% of the evidence More than 75% of the evidence evaluated by crime labs in the US is drug evaluated by crime labs in the US is drug related.related.

Two types of dependenceTwo types of dependence Psychological dependence – using drugs Psychological dependence – using drugs

because of emotional needsbecause of emotional needs Physical dependence – physical need for Physical dependence – physical need for

a drug because of regular use. a drug because of regular use. Characterized by withdrawn sickness Characterized by withdrawn sickness when they stop taking the drug.when they stop taking the drug.

A person may develop a tolerance to A person may develop a tolerance to drugs over timedrugs over time

Drug levelsDrug levels

Drug levels can be categorized as:Drug levels can be categorized as:NormalNormalTherapeuticTherapeuticToxicToxicLethalLethal

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs Narcotic – induces sleep and depresses Narcotic – induces sleep and depresses

vital body functions such as blood vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate.pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate.

Opiates – pain killersOpiates – pain killers Analgesics – a substance that lessens or Analgesics – a substance that lessens or

eliminates paineliminates pain Examples: Heroin, morphine, codeineExamples: Heroin, morphine, codeine

Synthetic opiates – not naturally derived from Synthetic opiates – not naturally derived from opiumopium

Example: Methadone, OxyContinExample: Methadone, OxyContin

Hallucinogens – cause alterations in Hallucinogens – cause alterations in normal thought processes, normal thought processes, perceptions,and moods.perceptions,and moods.

Examples: LSD, PCPExamples: LSD, PCP Depressants – slow down or depress the Depressants – slow down or depress the

central nervous systemcentral nervous system Examples: Alcohol, barbiturates (downers), Examples: Alcohol, barbiturates (downers),

antipsychotics, antianxiety, huffing (sniffing antipsychotics, antianxiety, huffing (sniffing volatile solvents)volatile solvents)

Stimulants – stimulate or speed up the central Stimulants – stimulate or speed up the central nervous systemnervous system

Amphetamines (uppers or speed), CocaineAmphetamines (uppers or speed), Cocaine

Anabolic steroids – chemically related to Anabolic steroids – chemically related to testosterone and promotes muscle growth testosterone and promotes muscle growth

Club drugs – synthetic drugs used at Club drugs – synthetic drugs used at nightclubs, bars, and ravesnightclubs, bars, and raves

GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine, methamphetamine (Ecstacy)GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine, methamphetamine (Ecstacy)