Chapter 5. Silica-Fume Concrete Projects Bridge Decks Parking
Structure High-Rise Columns HPC Bridge Shotcrete Rehabilitation HPC
Constructability Slide 2 Bridge Decks -- New Construction and
Overlays (Fly Ash and Silica Fume Combination) Chapter Outline
Slide 3 Project: Bridge Deck Construction New York State DOT
High-Performance Concrete Requirements: Resist chloride ion
penetration Minimize cracking Slide 4 Concrete Mixture: Portland
cement 500 lb/yd 3 Fly ash135 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 40 lb/yd 3
w/cm0.40 Slump3-4 inches Air6.5 % Wet cure7 days Slide 5 Concrete
Performance: Results indicated that Class HP decks performed better
than previously specified concrete in resisting both longitudinal
and transverse cracking. Rapid chloride permeability: < 1,600
coulombs Compressive strength, 28 days: > 5,400 psi Slide 6
Project: Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration Minimize
cracking SI Bridge Deck Construction New York State DOT
High-Performance Concrete Slide 7 Concrete Mixture: Portland
cement300 kg/m 3 Fly ash 80 kg/m 3 Silica fume 25 kg/m 3 w/cm0.40
Slump 75-100 mm Air6.5 % Wet cure7 days SI Slide 8 Concrete
Performance: SI Rapid chloride permeability: < 1,600 coulombs
Compressive strength, 28 days: > 37 MPa Results indicated that
Class HP decks performed better than previously specified concrete
in resisting both longitudinal and transverse cracking. Slide 9
Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Slide 13 Slide 14 Bridge Deck Overlay
(High Silica Fume Content) Chapter Outline Slide 15 Project: Bridge
Deck Overlay, Ohio DOT Beverly, Ohio Requirements: Resist chloride
ion penetration 4,500 psi at 28 days RCP < 1,000 coulombs Slide
16 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I700 lb/yd 3 Silica fume
70 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.36 Slump4-8 in. Air6-10% HRWRA20 fl oz/cwt WRA,
Type D 3 fl oz/cwt Slide 17 Concrete Performance: Rapid chloride
permeability600 coulombs Compressive strength, 28 days 7,000 psi
Slide 18 Project: Bridge Deck Overlay, Ohio DOT Beverly, Ohio
Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration 31 MPa at 28 days RCP
< 1,000 coulombs SI Slide 19 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement,
Type I415 kg/m 3 Silica fume 41.5 kg/m 3 w/cm0.36 Slump 100-200 mm
Air6-10% HRWRA1.3L/100 kg WRA, Type D 165 ml/100 kg SI Slide 20
Concrete Performance: Rapid chloride permeability 600 coulombs
Compressive strength, 28 days 48 MPa SI Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23
Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27 Parking Structure Chapter
Outline Slide 28 Project: Parking Structure General Mitchell
Airport Milwaukee, Wisconsin Requirements: Resist chloride ion
penetration 2,000 psi at 36 hours 5,700 psi at 56 days Slide 29
Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I565 lb/yd 3 Fly ash, Class
C100 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 39 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.35 WRA12 fl oz/yd 3
Slump, maximum9 in. Additional WRA and HRWRA in SF slurry Slide 30
Concrete Performance: Compressive strength, 36 hours:> 2,000 psi
Cores taken at 2 - 10 months averaged < 1,000 coulombs Slump
used:6 - 7.5 in. Slide 31 Project: Parking Structure General
Mitchell Airport Milwaukee, Wisconsin Requirements: Resist chloride
ion penetration 14 MPa at 36 hours 40 MPa at 56 days SI Slide 32
Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I335 kg/m 3 Fly ash, Class
C60 kg/m 3 Silica fume 17 kg/m 3 w/cm0.35 WRA440 mL/m 3 Slump,
maximum230 mm Additional WRA and HRWRA in SF slurry SI Slide 33
Concrete Performance: Compressive strength, 36 hours> 14 MPa
Cores taken at 2 - 10 months averaged < 1,000 coulombs Slump
used:150- 90 mm SI Slide 34 Slide 35 Slide 36 Slide 37 Slide 38
Slide 39 Slide 40 High-Rise Columns Chapter Outline Slide 41
Project: Key Bank Tower Cleveland, Ohio Requirements: High ultimate
strength, > 12,000 psi High modulus, > 6,800,000 psi
Pumpable, 57 stories Slide 42 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement,
Type I 685 lb/yd 3 GGBFS 285 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 80 lb/yd 3 w/cm
0.24 Slump, minimum 10 in. HRWRA 30-50 fl oz/cwt WRA, Type A 4 fl
oz/cwt Slide 43 Concrete Performance: Modulus> 7,000,000 psi
Compressive strength, 28 days > 14,000 psi 56 days> 15,000
psi Slide 44 Project: Key Bank Tower Cleveland, Ohio Requirements:
High ultimate strength, > 83 MPa High modulus, > 47 GPa
Pumpable, 57 stories SI Slide 45 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement,
Type I 406 kg/m 3 GGBFS 169 kg/m 3 Silica fume 47 kg/m 3 w/cm 0.24
Slump, minimum 250 mm HRWRA 2.0-3.3 L/100 kg WRA, Type A 260 mL/100
kg SI Slide 46 Concrete Performance: Modulus> 48 GPa Compressive
strength, 28 days > 97 MPa 56 days > 103 MPa SI Slide 47
Slide 48 Slide 49 Slide 50 Slide 51 Slide 52 Slide 53 HPC Bridge
Chapter Outline Slide 54 Project: I-25 and Yale Bridge, Colorado
DOT Denver, Colorado Requirements: Reduced number of spans with
shallow superstructure depth Compressive strength: 10,000 psi Slide
55 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I730 lb/yd 3 Silica fume
35 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.29 HRWRA44-131 fl oz/yd 3 WRA 15-58 fl oz/yd 3
Slide 56 Project: I-25 and Yale Bridge, Colorado DOT Denver,
Colorado Requirements: Reduced number of spans with shallow
substructure depth Compressive strength: 69 MPa SI Slide 57
Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I433 kg/m 3 Silica fume 21
kg/m 3 w/cm0.29 HRWRA1.7-5.1 L/m 3 WRA 0.6-2.2 L/m 3 SI Slide 58
Slide 59 Slide 60 Shotcrete Rehabilitation Chapter Outline Slide 61
Project: Seismic Retrofit Littlerock Dam, California Requirements:
Provide adequate seismic stability for maximum credible earthquake
Compressive strength of 6,000 psi at 28 days in a 4-in. thick
overlay Slide 62 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I682 lb/yd
3 Silica fume 70 lb/yd 3 Steel fibers100 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.45 Slump2-4
in. Slide 63 Concrete Performance: Compressive strength, cores,
> 21 days, average 7,300 psi Pulloff testing of cores satisfied
project requirements of 150 psi Average shotcrete thickness: 4.7
in. Slide 64 Project: Seismic Retrofit Littlerock Dam, California
Requirements: Provide adequate seismic stability for maximum
credible earthquake Compressive strength of 41 MPa at 28 days in a
100-mm thick overlay SI Slide 65 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement,
Type I405 kg/m 3 Silica fume 41 kg/m 3 Steel fibers 60 kg/m 3
w/cm0.45 Slump50 - 100 mm SI Slide 66 Concrete Performance:
Compressive strength, cores, > 28 days, average > 50 MPa
Pulloff testing of cores satisfied project requirements of 1.0 MPa
Average shotcrete thickness: 119 mm SI Slide 67 Slide 68 Slide 69
Slide 70 Slide 71 Slide 72 Slide 73 HPC Constructability Chapter
Outline Slide 74 Project: Canister Storage Building Hanford Nuclear
Site, WA Requirements: Ease of placement Temperature control of
mass concrete High early strength for stripping High durability
Slide 75 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I391 lb/yd 3 Fly
ash, Class F 150 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 60 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.37 Slump8 in.
HRWRA 150 fl oz/yd 3 Mid-range WRA 60 fl oz/yd 3 Slide 76 Concrete
Performance: Concrete temperature, as delivered< 70 deg F in
place < 100 deg F Compressive strength, 28 days> 6,300 psi 90
days > 7,500 psi Slide 77 Concrete Mixture: Portland cement,
Type I232 kg/m 3 Fly ash, Class F 89 kg/m 3 Silica fume 36 kg/m 3
w/cm0.37 Slump200 mm HRWRA 5.8 L/m 3 Mid-range WRA 2.3 L/m 3 SI
Slide 78 Concrete Performance: Concrete temperature, as
delivered< 21 deg C in place < 38 deg C Compressive strength,
28 days> 43 MPa 90 days > 52 MPa SI Slide 79 Slide 80 Slide
81 Slide 82 Slide 83 Slide 84 End of Chapter 5 Main Outline
