CHAPTER 6AP US HISTORY

FRANCE COLONIZATIONFrance was late in coming to the New World

Religious conflict inside France kept them from colonizationReligious conflict ended with the Edict of Nantes which granted limited toleration to French Protestants

France became dominant European power in the 17th century under Louis XIV

QuebecFirst French colony established in New WorldEstablished in 1608Area known today as Canada was called “New France”

Samuel de Champlain

Founder of QuebecKnown as the “Father of New France”

FRENCH/INDIAN RELATIONSHIPS

French tried to have positive relationships with Indians--wanted to trade with themEnglish wanted to get rid of IndiansSpanish wanted to subdue and enslave Indians

Iroquois Indians were the major enemy of the FrenchIndians called French rifles “Lightening Sticks”

NEW FRANCEGovernment of New France completely controlled by KingFrench colonists did not have representative assemblies or trial by jury

Population of New France grew very slowly because there was no economic motive and denial for religious reasons

FRENCH FUR TRAPPINGBeaver pelts were the most important to the FrenchHeavy demand for fur in European fashion

Coureur de Bois

Runners of the Woods

French frontiersmen involved in fur trading

JesuitsFrench Catholic missionaries who tried to “save” Indians from hell and fur trappers

Antoine CadillacFounded DetroitDetroit called “The City of Straits”

Robert de La SalleFrench explorer who went down Mississippi RiverNamed the area now known as Louisiana

New Orleans

Most important seaport on the Mississippi River was New OrleansFrench control would keep Spanish and English under controlNew Orleans essential to French fur trading industry

European Wars

King Williams War

These European War were fought over for control of North America

Queen Anne’s WarWar of Jenkin’s EarKing George’s War

OHIO RIVER VALLEYThe Ohio River Valley was the main area of dispute between British and French

Fort DuquesneFrench fort in the present area of Pittsburgh

George Washington sent to secure English claimsWashington builds Fort Necessity Washington defeated and then released by French

Start of the French and Indian War

ALBANY CONGRESS

Met in 1754 in Albany, New York

Immediate--to make sure that the Iroquois remained on our sideLong range--to unite the colonies in defense against the French

Two Main Purposes

Benjamin Franklin was the leading spirit of the Albany CongressHe worked on a scheme for us to rule ourselves but still be part of England

Neither side would accept this idea….why?

Fighting the F & I WarEnglish military in America led by Gen. BraddockGeorge Washington served along with Braddock British forces lose often early onBritish forces tried to launch a full scale invasion of Canada--failed!!!!

William Pitt

William Pitt known as the “Great Commoner” and “Organizer of VictoryPitt changed British strategy to focus war on the America’s

Battle of QuebecMost important battle of French and Indian WarBattle ended the French and Indian WarTreaty of Paris formally ended the WarFrench power in North America removed

TREATY OF PARIS 1763

Treaty Conditions:1. France gave up all

claims in North America

2. France gave all Louisiana territory to Spain including New Orleans

3. Cuba given to BritainGreat Britain became

dominant power in North America

EFFECTS OF F&I WARColonists confident in their military strengthColonists gained valuable experienceBritish no longer appear invincibleBritish upset American’s didn’t support war effort as much as they would likeIncreased desire for westward expansionIncreased unity among the colonists…begin to see themselves as “Americans”

Pontiac’s RebellionOhio Valley Indians upset about treatment by British during the War

Chief Pontiac refused to surrender his lands even though French ally was gone

Pontiac leads group against whites and drive people back from the frontier

British responded with germ warfare

Made British want to create stable conditions with Indians which leads to….

PROCLAMATION OF 1763Prohibited the colonists from moving west of the line

Goal was to keep colonies and Indian disputes from happening

Effect was colonists became angry and generally ignored Proclamation

Set the stage for major disagreements between colonists and Great Britain!