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Chapter 6 Clickers
ConceptualIntegrated Science
Second Edition
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Heat
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The kind of molecular motion having most to do with temperature is
a) translational motion.
b) rotational motion.
c) internal vibrational motion.
d) longitudinal motion.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The kind of molecular motion having most to do with temperature is
a) translational motion.
b) rotational motion.
c) internal vibrational motion.
d) longitudinal motion.
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Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of
a) 0 K.
b) –273C.
c) both of the above.
d) none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of
a) 0 K.
b) –273C.
c) both of the above.
d) none of the above.
Comment:
At absolute zero, a substance has no more energy to give up. 0 K = –273C.
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Heat is simply another word for
a) temperature.
b) thermal energy.
c) thermal energy that flows from hot to cold.
d) radiant energy.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Heat is simply another word for
a) temperature.
b) thermal energy.
c) thermal energy that flows from hot to cold.
d) radiant energy.
Comment:
Be sure to distinguish between temperature, thermal energy, and flowing thermal energy.
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Thermal energy is normally measured in units of
a) calories.
b) joules.
c) both of the above.
d) neither of the above.
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Thermal energy is normally measured in units of
a) calories.
b) joules.
c) both of the above.
d) neither of the above.
Explanation:
Calories and joules, like miles and meters, are different units for the same thing. 1 calorie = 4.19 joules.
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When heat is added to a system, the temperature of the system
a) rises.
b) may or may not rise.
c) falls.
d) may or may not fall.
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When heat is added to a system, the temperature of the system
a) rises.
b) may or may not rise.
c) falls.
d) may or may not fall.
Explanation:
The correct answer is A if the substance doesn't change phase. Adding heat to a cube of 0 ice, for example, doesn't raise its temperature.
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Matter does not contain
a) thermal energy.
b) heat.
c) only one of the above, but it contains both of the above.
d) either of the above.
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Matter does not contain
a) thermal energy.
b) heat.
c) only one of the above, but it contains both of the above.
d) either of the above.
Explanation:
By definition, heat is the thermal energy that transfers due to a temperature difference, not the thermal energy itself.
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Your room gets messier day by day. In this case, entropy is
a) increasing.
b) decreasing.
c) hanging steady.
d) none of the above.
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Your room gets messier day by day. In this case, entropy is
a) increasing.
b) decreasing.
c) hanging steady.
d) none of the above.
Comment:
If your room got more organized day by day, then entropy would decrease in proportion to the effort expended.
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To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water
a) requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature.
b) gives off a lot of energy in cooling.
c) has a lot of ''thermal inertia.''
d) all of the above.
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To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water
a) requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature.
b) gives off a lot of energy in cooling.
c) has a lot of ''thermal inertia.''
d) all of the above.
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Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates the specific heat capacity for sand is
a) less than that of plants.
b) more than that of plants.
c) likely the same as that of plants.
d) unknown, because there is not enough information.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates the specific heat capacity for sand is
a) less than that of plants.
b) more than that of plants.
c) likely the same as that of plants.
d) unknown, because there is not enough information.
Explanation:
Lower specific heat means less resistance to change.
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Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. If equal amounts of heat are given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is
a) aluminum.
b) copper.
c) neither—actually, both will increase at the same rate.
d) none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. If equal amounts of heat are given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is
a) aluminum.
b) copper.
c) neither—actually, both will increase at the same rate.
d) none of the above.
Explanation:
Copper has about half the ''thermal inertia'' of aluminum.
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The high specific heat capacity of water has great importance in
a) climates.
b) cooling systems.
c) ocean currents.
d) all of the above.
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The high specific heat capacity of water has great importance in
a) climates.
b) cooling systems.
c) ocean currents.
d) all of the above.
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Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water
a) more dense.
b) less dense.
c) slipperier.
d) warmer.
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Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water
a) more dense.
b) less dense.
c) slipperier.
d) warmer.
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The greatest expansion of water occurs when
a) it turns to ice.
b) it cools at 4C.
c) it warms at 4C.
d) none of the above.
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The greatest expansion of water occurs when
a) it turns to ice.
b) it cools at 4C.
c) it warms at 4C.
d) none of the above.
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Water at 4C will expand when it is slightly
a) cooled.
b) warmed.
c) both of the above.
d) none of the above.
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Water at 4C will expand when it is slightly
a) cooled.
b) warmed.
c) both of the above.
d) none of the above.
Comment:
The density of 4C water will also decrease when slightly cooled or warmed.
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Water at 4C will sink to the bottom of a pond because
a) of thermal currents.
b) of the absence of thermal currents at low temperatures.
c) like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water.
d) of the presence of microscopic ice crystals.
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Water at 4C will sink to the bottom of a pond because
a) of thermal currents.
b) of the absence of thermal currents at low temperatures.
c) like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water.
d) of the presence of microscopic ice crystals.
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The thermal expansion of steel is about the same as that of
a) water.
b) air.
c) concrete.
d) all of the above.
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The thermal expansion of steel is about the same as that of
a) water.
b) air.
c) concrete.
d) all of the above.
Explanation:
This fact is important to civil engineers in the construction of concrete that is reinforced with steel rods.
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The fact that gasoline will overflow from an automobile tank on a hot day is evidence that the expansion of gasoline is
a) more than the tank material.
b) about the same as the tank material.
c) less than the tank material.
d) nonexistent.
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The fact that gasoline will overflow from an automobile tank on a hot day is evidence that the expansion of gasoline is
a) more than the tank material.
b) about the same as the tank material.
c) less than the tank material.
d) nonexistent.
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Heat can be transferred by
a) conduction.
b) convection.
c) radiation.
d) all of the above.
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Heat can be transferred by
a) conduction.
b) convection.
c) radiation.
d) all of the above.
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A firewalker walking barefoot on hot wooden coals depends on wood's
a) poor conduction.
b) good conduction.
c) high specific heat capacity.
d) convection.
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A firewalker walking barefoot on hot wooden coals depends on wood's
a) poor conduction.
b) good conduction.
c) high specific heat capacity.
d) convection.
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Thermal conduction has much to do with
a) electrons.
b) protons.
c) neutrons.
d) ions.
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Thermal conduction has much to do with
a) electrons.
b) protons.
c) neutrons.
d) ions.
Explanation:
Electrons are a chief carrier of thermal energy, especially in metals.
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Thermal convection has much to do with
a) radiant energy.
b) fluids.
c) insulators.
d) all of the above.
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Thermal convection has much to do with
a) radiant energy.
b) fluids.
c) insulators.
d) all of the above.
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When air rapidly expands, it generally
a) warms.
b) cools.
c) convects away.
d) compresses later.
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When air rapidly expands, it generally
a) warms.
b) cools.
c) convects away.
d) compresses later.
Comment:
Blow on your hand with lips puckered so your breath expands. Isn't your hand cooled? Conversely, when air is compressed it generally warms.
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Which body emits radiant energy into space?
a) Sun.
b) Earth.
c) Both of the above.
d) None of the above.
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Which body emits radiant energy into space?
a) Sun.
b) Earth.
c) Both of the above.
d) None of the above.
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A high-temperature source radiates relatively
a) short wavelengths.
b) long wavelengths.
c) low frequencies of radiation.
d) none of the above.
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A high-temperature source radiates relatively
a) short wavelengths.
b) long wavelengths.
c) low frequencies of radiation.
d) none of the above.
Explanation:
The relation T tells us that high-temperature sources emit high-frequency waves. High-frequency waves have short wavelengths.
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f
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Which of these electromagnetic waves has the lowest frequency?
a) Infrared.
b) Visible.
c) Ultraviolet.
d) Gamma rays.
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Which of these electromagnetic waves has the lowest frequency?
a) Infrared.
b) Visible.
c) Ultraviolet.
d) Gamma rays.
Explanation:
The relation T tells us that low temperature sources emit low frequency waves. The lowest frequency waves in the list are infrared waves.
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f
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Compared with radiation from the Sun, terrestrial radiation has a lower
a) wavelength.
b) frequency.
c) both of the above.
d) neither of the above.
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Compared with radiation from the Sun, terrestrial radiation has a lower
a) wavelength.
b) frequency.
c) both of the above.
d) neither of the above.
Explanation:
The relation T tells us that high-temperature sources emit high-frequency waves. High-frequency waves have short wavelengths.
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f
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The origin of much of the thermal energy in Earth's interior is
a) radioactive decay.
b) high pressure.
c) low thermal conductivity of rock.
d) trapped radiant energy.
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The origin of much of the thermal energy in Earth's interior is
a) radioactive decay.
b) high pressure.
c) low thermal conductivity of rock.
d) trapped radiant energy.
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A substance that absorbs energy well also
a) conducts well.
b) convects well.
c) radiates well.
d) none of the above.
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A substance that absorbs energy well also
a) conducts well.
b) convects well.
c) radiates well.
d) none of the above.
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A hot pizza placed in the snow is a net
a) absorber.
b) emitter.
c) both of the above.
d) none of the above.
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A hot pizza placed in the snow is a net
a) absorber.
b) emitter.
c) both of the above.
d) none of the above.
Comment:
The same hot pizza placed in a hotter oven would be a net absorber.
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Which is a more accurate statement?
a) A black object absorbs energy well.
b) An object that absorbs energy well is black.
c) Both say the same thing, so both are equivalent.
d) Both are untrue.
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Which is a more accurate statement?
a) A black object absorbs energy well.
b) An object that absorbs energy well is black.
c) Both say the same thing, so both are equivalent.
d) Both are untrue.
Explanation:
This is a cause–effect question. The color black doesn't draw in and absorb energy. It's the other way around— any object that does draw in and absorb energy will consequently appear black in color.
