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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com 002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Chapter 6 Color Image Processing 六六六六 : 六 , 六 , 六 , 六 , 六 , 六 六六六六六六六六六六六六 六六六六 Color fundamentals

Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

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Chapter 6 Color Image Processing. Color fundamentals. 六個區域 : 紫 , 藍 , 綠 , 黃 , 橙 , 紅 每個顏色都是平順的融入下一種顏色中. Chapter 6 Color Image Processing. 彩色光頻譜範圍 400~700nm. 描述彩色光源品質的三種基本量 輻射度 (Radiance) The total amount of energy that flows from the light source Measured in watts (W) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

六個區域 : 紫 , 藍 , 綠 , 黃 , 橙 , 紅每個顏色都是平順的融入下一種顏色中

Color fundamentals

Page 2: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

描述彩色光源品質的三種基本量• 輻射度 (Radiance)

• The total amount of energy that flows from the light source

• Measured in watts (W)• 照度 (Luminance)

• The energy an observer perceives from a light source.• Measured in lumens (lm)

• 亮度 (Brightness)• A subjective descriptor.

彩色光頻譜範圍400~700nm

Page 3: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

錐狀細胞 (Cones) 對於色彩感受度可以分為三類65% -- red33% -- green2% -- blue (but the blue cones are the most sensitive)

三 “原 (primary)” 色 (RGB) 不代表它們可以組成頻譜上各種任意的顏色,除非波長可改變

CIE designatedRed: 700 nmGreen : 546.1 nmBlue: 435.8 nm

Page 4: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

加成性的原色 ( 光的三原色 )•紅、藍、綠•可見的顏色是由物體直接發出•例 : 綠色—物體發出綠光

•相減性的原色 ( 顏料的三原色 )

•紫紅、青、黃•物體吸收一種光的原色而反射另外的兩種光 .

•例 : 黃色—物體吸收藍光,反射紅及綠光

Page 5: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

• 用來區分彩色的特徵– 亮度 Brightness

• 色彩強度– 色調 Hue

• 與混合光波的主要波長有關 , 代表觀察者所查覺得主要色彩– 飽和度 Saturation

• 色彩的相度純度或與白光混合的量

Chromaticity( 色度 ) – 包含 Hue 及 Saturation

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Page 6: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

CIE 色度圖橫軸 : 紅縱軸 : 綠Z: 1-(x+y) 藍• 所有頻譜色彩圍繞

在舌形邊界 ( 純色 )• 等能量點 : 三原色等

比例• 連接任一兩點的直線

定義兩端點顏色可以組合的所有顏色

• 由等能量點連至邊線可以定義該色頻顏色的深淺

Page 7: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

色彩全域Color gamut

Color monitor

Color printing device

Page 8: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

色彩模型 (Color model, color space, color system)•Cartesian coordinate system•Color is defined by vector•Normalized value in the range [0,1]

RGB 色彩模型

Page 9: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Page 10: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

B

GR

Plane with R=128

Page 11: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

2166

402162563

40 顏色保留給系統進行處理與使用,其他 (216 色 ) 共通,即所謂的安全色彩,其顯示與硬體無關

FFFFFF FFFFCC CCFFFF

FFCCFF

FF0000

安全色彩• 系統• 網路• 瀏覽器

Page 12: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

21663

RGB 均只有六個值• 0,51,102,153,204,255• 下圖將 6.10 圖以立體顯示

Page 13: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

• CMY 及 CMYK 色彩模型– 青 Cyan, 紫紅 magenta, 及黃 yellow 是光的次色彩– 下列公式中所有的顏色值均被正規化至 [0,1] 之間– K 為純黑色 : 避免使用 C,M,Y 混出髒的黑色

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

B

G

R

Y

M

C

1

1

1 塗有青色 (C) 的原料被白光照射時,紅光 (R) 被吸收 (C=1-R)

Page 14: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

HSI 色彩模型•Hue, Saturation, and Intensity

RGB model – color generation( camera, monitor…)CMY model – color printingHSI model – color description, 根據人類直覺的彩色描述 發展影像處理的工具

Page 15: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Page 16: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Page 17: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

• Converting colors from RGB to HSI (R,G,B are normalized )

BGRI

BGRBGR

S

BGBRGR

BRGR

with

GBif

GBifH

3

1

),,min(1

1

cos

360

212

21

1

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Page 18: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

• Converting colors from HSI to RGB

)(*3

)60cos(

cos1

)1(

120

)240120(sector

)(*3

)60cos(

cos1

)1(

)1200(sector

360*

GRIB

H

HSIG

SIR

H-H

HGB

BRIG

H

HSIR

SIB

HRG

HH

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

)(*3

)60cos(

cos1

)1(

240

)360240(sector

BGIR

H

HSIB

SIG

H-H

HBR

請注意譯本的公式有誤

Page 19: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Page 20: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

請注意譯本的圖片有誤

Page 21: Chapter 6 Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 6Color Image Processing

Chapter 6Color Image Processing