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Where in the world… Locate these important chapter 6 places on your map! Cape of Good Hope Straight of Magellan Brazil Peru West Indies Portugal India Spain North America Mexico
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Chapter 6: Expanding Horizons6.1 Notes: Early Explorations
Warm-Up
• World Map Exercise
Where in the world…Locate these important chapter 6 places on your map!
• Cape of Good Hope• Straight of Magellan• Brazil• Peru • West Indies• Portugal• India• Spain• North America• Mexico
What was the Age of Exploration?
• A time when Europeans began to explore the rest of the world.
• Improvements in mapmaking, shipbuilding, and navigation made exploration possible.
Why Explore?
• Merchants sought a profitable trade with Asia.– Spices such as pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg
were used as perfume, cosmetics, medicine, and to flavor/preserve meat.
• The church wanted to spread Christian teachings.
• Learning and imagination.
New Technology• Open water ocean sailing required
new tools so that ships could travel beyond sight of land for extended periods.
• Sailors began to learn how to use the position of the sun and stars to navigate beyond sight of land.– Compass: Determined the direction a
ship was sailing.– Mariner’s Astrolabe: Determined the
latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the noon altitude of the sun or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.
New Tech (Continued)• Cartographer’s (Mapmakers)skills improved into the 1300s.
– Mediterranean coastline now shown with greater accuracy.• Navigation maps by the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy reappear in Europe
– His grid system of latitude and longitude lines gave Europeans a new picture of the world.
• Ship design improves – Ships can now sail against the wind because of triangle-shaped lateen sails. – Multiple masts and sails(3-4) were added and made travel faster.– Up to 65 feet long and could carry 130 tons
• New ships called caravels incorporated all these improvements!– Caravels drew little water and allowed explorers to venture up shallow
inlets and rivers in order to make repairs to the ship. – Carried new weapons: muskets and cannons.
Caravel
Christopher Columbus
• Columbus leaves with three ships
• Lands in the Bahamas but believes he found India– Names inhabitants “Indians” – Islands became known as
West Indies– Discovers a new route for
spices…business!
Photo Analysis #2• List three details from the picture • What is the message that the illustrator is trying to get across?
Prince Henry the Navigator• Son of King John I of Portugal• Brought together the best
mapmakers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation.
• Sponsored Portuguese exploratory voyages to the Atlantic and down Africa’s west coast to find spices.
• Discoveries became the foundation of the Portuguese Empire.
Bartholomeu Dias
• Found the southern tip of Africa, later named the Cape of Good Hope (1488).
• Found route to the Indian Ocean.
• Proved that ships could reach East Asia by sailing around Africa.
Vasco de Gama • Sailed from Portugal and landed in
India in 1498.• The expedition rounded the Cape of
Good Hope and made stops at trading centers along the coast of Africa.
• Found Hindus and Muslims trading fine silk, porcelain, and spices.
• Faster trade route from Europe to India and East Indies.
Ferdinand Magellan
• Was credited as the first to circumnavigate (circle) the globe.
• Killed in the Philippines and his crew finished the voyage without him.
• Voyage proved that:– The world was round.– The world was larger than anyone had
previously believed.– Oceans of the world are connected.– Lands discovered by Columbus were not part
of Asia.
Wrap-Up
• Magellan VLA– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM-igYjn6E4– Dice Roll: Fresh facts you learned!!
Homework
• Create a newspaper article (complete with a clever headline), highlighting one of the explorers that we studied today.
• Make sure to include three details about the explorer and underline them.
What “stuck” with me today…
• Write down one new piece of information that you learned today and why you feel that this is important.
• Stick your post-it to the board on your way out of class!
RAFT Activity
• Half a page RAFT– Role • Who are you writing as?
– Audience• Who are you writing to?
– Format • A journal entry, letter, speech, etc.
– Topic• What are you writing about?