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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY & TODDLERHOOD
Chapter 6
Growing!
Patterns of GrowthChildren grow faster during the
first 3 years, especially during the first few months, than they ever will again
This rapid growth rate tapers off during the second and third years
Body Growth
Gain 50% in height from birth
to age 1. 75% by age 2
Grow in spurts
Gain “baby fat” until about
9 months, then get slimmer
Girls slightly shorter and
lighter than boys
Changes in Body Proportions
Growth Trends
Cephalocaudal
“Head to Tail” Lower part of body
grows later than the head
Proximodistal
“Near to far” Extremities grow
later than head, chest, and trunk
Growing Gabe…
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Based on the material
in your text…
1. What are the physical changes you observed?
2. What other changes do you think he’s gone through in his first 2 years of life?
3. What can impact physical development?
Influences on Early Growth
Heredity Nutrition Emotional Well-Being
Regions of the Cerebral Cortex
Motor Development
Steps in Reaching and Grasping
Prereaching Reaching
With two hands, then one Ulnar Grasp
Adjust grip to objectMove objects from
hand to hand Pincer Grasp
Developments in Hearing
4 – 6 months
Sense of musical phrasing
6 months“Screen out” sounds from non-native languages
7 – 9 months
Recognize familiar words, natural phrasing in native language
10 months
Can detect words that start with weak syllables
Improvements in Vision
Brain development helps infants reach adult levels of vision skills:
2 months: Focus and color vision
6 months: acuity, scanning & tracking
6–7 months: depth perception
Steps in Depth Perception
Birth – 1 month Sensitivity to motion cues
2 – 4 months Sensitivity to binocular cues
5 –12 months
Sensitivity to pictorial cues. Wariness of heights
Differentiation Theory of Infant Perception
Infants actively search for invariant, unchanging features of the environment.Borders of stimuli, faces
They note stable relationships between featuresComplex visual patterns, intermodal relationships
Perception gets more and more sensitive— differentiation
Acting on the environment helps this process.
