Upload
cecilia-paul
View
250
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 6Chapter 6Nomenclature of Nomenclature of
Inorganic CompoundsInorganic CompoundsObjectives:Objectives:
Distinguish between common and systematic names of Distinguish between common and systematic names of compoundscompoundsReview differences between elements and ionsReview differences between elements and ionsBe able to write formula from names of compoundsBe able to write formula from names of compoundsUnderstand binary compoundsUnderstand binary compoundsName compounds containing polyatomic ionsName compounds containing polyatomic ionsName and recognize acidsName and recognize acids
Common and Systematic NamesCommon and Systematic Names
Common NamesCommon Names ArbitraryArbitrary Not based on chemical compositionNot based on chemical composition Historically associated with a physical or chemical Historically associated with a physical or chemical
propertyproperty Not consistent among languages or disciplinesNot consistent among languages or disciplines
Systematic namesSystematic names Identify the chemical compositionIdentify the chemical composition Devised by IUPACDevised by IUPAC
Elements and IonsElements and Ions Diatomic moleculesDiatomic molecules
2 atoms of same element2 atoms of same element HH22, O, O22, N, N22, F, F22, Cl, Cl22, Br, Br22, I, I22
Polyatomic Polyatomic 3 or more atoms of same element3 or more atoms of same element Sulfur (SSulfur (S88) and Phosphorus) and Phosphorus (P(P44))
IonIon Charged particle Charged particle Positive (cation)Positive (cation) Negative (anion)Negative (anion)
Elements and IonsElements and Ions
Naming cationsNaming cations Same as element but add the word ionSame as element but add the word ion Potassium ionPotassium ion
Naming anionsNaming anions Stem of the parent name with ending changed to Stem of the parent name with ending changed to ––
ideide Add the word ionAdd the word ion Oxide ionOxide ion
Commonly formed ions – figure 6.2 pg 107Commonly formed ions – figure 6.2 pg 107
Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds
Chemical compounds Chemical compounds must havemust have a net charge a net charge of of zerozero
Compare charges of ions formed from Compare charges of ions formed from elementselements ““Trade” charges and rewrite as subscript on Trade” charges and rewrite as subscript on
opposite ionopposite ion Write with lowest possible whole numbersWrite with lowest possible whole numbers
Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds
Write formulas forWrite formulas for Sodium and chlorineSodium and chlorine
Aluminum and oxygenAluminum and oxygen
Na1
+Cl1- NaCl
Al3+ O2- Al2O3
Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds
Write formulas for the followingWrite formulas for the following Calcium chlorideCalcium chloride
Calcium will form CaCalcium will form Ca2+2+
Chlorine will form ClChlorine will form Cl1-1-
Formula is Formula is CaClCaCl22
Magnesium oxideMagnesium oxide Magnesium will form MgMagnesium will form Mg2+2+
Oxygen will form OOxygen will form O2-2-
Formula is Formula is MgOMgO
Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds
Barium phosphideBarium phosphide Barium will form BaBarium will form Ba2+2+
Phosphorus will form PPhosphorus will form P3-3-
Formula is Formula is BaBa33PP22
Sodium sulfideSodium sulfide Sodium will form NaSodium will form Na++
Sulfur will form SSulfur will form S2-2-
Formula is Formula is NaNa22SS
Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds Contain only two different elementsContain only two different elements
Often metal with nonmetal (binary Often metal with nonmetal (binary ionic compound)ionic compound)
Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal Forming Containing a Metal Forming
Only One Type of CationOnly One Type of Cation Name of cation is left the sameName of cation is left the same Name of anion is changed (-ide)Name of anion is changed (-ide)
Write formulas for the following compoundsWrite formulas for the following compounds Strontium chlorideStrontium chloride
Strontium is SrStrontium is Sr2+2+ and Chlorine is Cl and Chlorine is Cl--
Calcium sulfideCalcium sulfide Calcium is CaCalcium is Ca2+2+ and Sulfur is S and Sulfur is S2-2-
SrCl2
CaS
Binary Ionic Compounds Containing Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Can Form Two or More a Metal That Can Form Two or More
Types of CationsTypes of Cations Metals in the center of the periodic tableMetals in the center of the periodic table
Iron can be FeIron can be Fe2+2+ or Fe or Fe3+3+
Stock SystemStock System Use Roman Numeral to designate charge of cationUse Roman Numeral to designate charge of cation Copper (II) Chloride is CuClCopper (II) Chloride is CuCl22
Tin (IV) Oxide is SnOTin (IV) Oxide is SnO22
-ous and –ic endings are also sometimes used-ous and –ic endings are also sometimes used
Binary Ionic Compounds Containing Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Can Form Two or More a Metal That Can Form Two or More
Types of CationsTypes of Cations Write the name for each of the following Write the name for each of the following
compoundscompounds PbIPbI22
FeFe22OO33
CuOCuO TiFTiF44
Lead (II) Iodide
Iron (III) Oxide
Copper (II) Oxide
Titanium (IV) Fluoride
Binary Compounds Containing Binary Compounds Containing Two NonmetalsTwo Nonmetals
Not ionic bonds - Not ionic bonds - Molecular (covalent)Molecular (covalent) Different system of namingDifferent system of naming Element that occurs first in the series below is Element that occurs first in the series below is
written and named firstwritten and named first Si, B, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, FSi, B, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, F Usually given to you…first element listed always Usually given to you…first element listed always
named firstnamed first Second element retains –ide endingSecond element retains –ide ending
Binary Compounds Containing Binary Compounds Containing Two NonmetalsTwo Nonmetals
Prefix is attached to each element to indicate the Prefix is attached to each element to indicate the number of atoms of that element in the moleculenumber of atoms of that element in the molecule Mono (1) never used for first elementMono (1) never used for first element
PrefixPrefix MeaningMeaning PrefixPrefix MeaningMeaning
MonoMono 11 HexaHexa 66
DiDi 22 HeptaHepta 77
TriTri 33 OctaOcta 88
TetraTetra 44 NonaNona 99
PentaPenta 55 DecaDeca 1010
Binary Compounds Containing Binary Compounds Containing Two NonmetalsTwo Nonmetals
Examples:Examples: NN22O is dinitrogen monoxide (drop “o”)O is dinitrogen monoxide (drop “o”)
SS22FF1010 is disulfur decofluoride is disulfur decofluoride
You try:You try: PP22OO55
CBrCBr44
NHNH33
Diphosphorus pentoxide
Carbon tetrabromide
Nitrogen trihydride
Acids Derived from Binary Acids Derived from Binary CompoundsCompounds
Hydrogen compounds – form acids in waterHydrogen compounds – form acids in water Write symbol of H first, then the restWrite symbol of H first, then the rest
Shows it is an acidShows it is an acid NamingNaming
Take stem of nonmetalTake stem of nonmetal Add prefix Add prefix hydro-hydro- Add suffix Add suffix –ic–ic Add the word Add the word acidacid
Acids Derived from Binary Acids Derived from Binary CompoundsCompounds
HH22SS Hydrogen sulfide (if not in water)Hydrogen sulfide (if not in water) HydroHydrosulfursulfuric acidic acid
HClHCl Hydrogen chloride (if not in water)Hydrogen chloride (if not in water) HydroHydrochlorchloric acidic acid
Figure 6.4 on page 115Figure 6.4 on page 115
VERY HELPFUL FOR NAMING BINARY VERY HELPFUL FOR NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ionPolyatomic ion
Must be able to recognize common polyatomic Must be able to recognize common polyatomic
ionsions Table 6.6 (pg 116)Table 6.6 (pg 116)
Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
Usually end in –ate or –ite (but not always)Usually end in –ate or –ite (but not always)
-ate-ate indicates indicates -ite-ite indicates indicates
Nitrate is NONitrate is NO33--
Nitrite is NONitrite is NO22--
Hypo-Hypo- (if more than two varieties)(if more than two varieties)
ClO- hypochlorite
ClO2- chlorite
ClO3- chlorate
ClO4-
hyperchlorate
or perchlorate
Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
Need to recognize polyatomic ions in Table 6.6Need to recognize polyatomic ions in Table 6.6 Hydroxide (OHHydroxide (OH--)) Cyanide (CNCyanide (CN--))
Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
Naming follows binary compound rulesNaming follows binary compound rules
Naming AcidsNaming Acids Oxy-acidsOxy-acids
Inorganic compounds containing hydrogen, Inorganic compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen, and one other elementoxygen, and one other element
Change ending of polyatomic ionChange ending of polyatomic ion
Add the word “acid”Add the word “acid”
HCHC22HH33OO22Hydrogen & acetate ionHydrogen & acetate ionAcetic acidAcetic acid
HomeworkHomework Questions #1,3,6Questions #1,3,6 Paired Exercises #7-25 oddPaired Exercises #7-25 odd Additional Exercise #34 & 36Additional Exercise #34 & 36 Remember: Quiz next class Remember: Quiz next class