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CHAPTER 6, SECTION 2
TIMELINE1789: FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINS1790-94: THE MIAMI WAR1793: GENET AFFAIR1794: THE JAY TREATY1795: PICKNEY’S TREATY1796:
XYZ AFFAIRJOHN ADAMS ELECTED PRESIDENT
1800: JEFFERSON ELECTED PRESIDENT
Washington’s second termAs his first term ended Washington wanted
to return to VA. Hamilton and Jefferson convinced him he needed to stayThe French revolution was heating up
Our position The British Navy
Expansion Indian and British problems in the Northwest Spain
FOREIGN EVENTS 1789: The French RevolutionWhat happens?
French Monarch, Louis XVI, is overthrownFrance ends monarchyFrance becomes a RepublicRevolution becomes excessively violent
The Reign of Terror occurs Civil war divides France
Who cares?Other European nations are concerned; Why?They fear revolutionary ideas will spread
outside France
FOREIGN EVENTSWhat is the American view?
Depends on who you are: Examples?Anti-federalists: Want to support the revolutionFederalists: Opposed to the revolution
Why does each side feel the way they do?Anti-feds.?Feds.?
Washington: Cautious view of foreign affairs1793: Issues a declaration of neutrality Neutrality: Define
THE GENET AFFAIRApril, 1793: The Genet AffairWhat Happens?
France declared war on European monarchies, including Great Britain
French revolutionaries send Edmond Genet to recruit Americans to fight against Brits.
Washington furious about violation of American neutrality
He demands French take Genet back to FranceJefferson resigns as Secretary of State
(Genet actually stays in U.S. after his political party in France loses power)
OTHER EVENTSNative American problems:
Northwest Ordinance (1787) brings settlers into conflict w/ Native Americans
1790 – 94: The Miami War War between U.S. & Miami nation Miami: Led by “Little Turtle” U.S. eventually wins
Battle of Fallen Timbers (Gen. Anthony Wayne) Treaty of Greenville ends war; Does What?
Miami give up lands in Ohio U.S. paid $10,000 for land
Little Turtle, Gen. “Mad Anthony” Chief of the Miami Tribe Wayne, U.S. Army
Treaty of Greenville, 1795
Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.)
Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
KEY IDEA: Jefferson resigns in 1793, frustrated with Hamilton and the administration’s policies
Jay TreatyThe Jay Treaty
When? 1794Who? John JayWhat nations? U.S. – BritainWhy? Brits. don’t have resources to fight U.S.
& FranceAgreement?
Brits. agree to evacuate forts in N.W. territory Brit. traders allowed to continue trade in N.W.
PICKNEY’S TREATYWhen? 1795Who? U.S. – Spain TreatyWhat?
U.S. Gov’t. wanted to gain more land & securitySpain controlled large areas near / west of the
Mississippi River & in FloridaSpain worried that U.S. and/or Brits. might try to seize
landTreaty:
Spain opens Mississippi to U.S. shippingSpain gives up all land claims east of Mississippi R.,
EXCEPT FLORIDASpain – U.S. set northern Florida boundary Spain allows U.S. ships to use New Orleans
So What? U.S. gains land and more transportation routes
Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s TreatyJay’s Treaty:+ British pledge to evacuate
US soil- They should have already
done this in 1783- US bound to pay pre-
revolutionary accounts to Brit. Merchants
- Jeffersonian South would have to pay the majority of these debts.
OVERALL: - Negative resultTreaty hurts Republicans, Washington, & vitalizes the Republican party
Pinkney’s Treaty:+ Spain meets all of US
demands+ Spain concedes
disputed land in N. Florida to US
+Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans
OVERALL: Positive Result
Growing Danger of Sectionalism
Election of 1796
Adams (Federalist) receives 71 electoral votes.Jefferson (Republican) receives 68 electoral votes.ALMOST ALL OF JEFFERSON’S VOTES COME
FROM THE SOUTH, ADAMS WINS ALMOST ALL OF HIS VOTES IN THE NORTH.
Adams becomes President, Jefferson is Vice-President.
Is the new nation already coming apart?
John Adams,Pres. of the U.S., 1796-1800
THE XYZ AFFAIRPres. John Adams faced w/immediate problem: possible
war with FranceWhy? French angered by the Jay TreatyWhy? View it as violation of 1778 French-American
AllianceResult? French navy begins hijacking U.S. ships Adams responds:
Sends U.S. officials to France for negotiations French want bribes before any agreement Called the “XYZ Affair”
U.S. response: U.S. begins seizing French ships The Quasi-War begins: Undeclared naval war between
France & U.S. War lasts for 2 years
So What? What Americans lose prestige after XYZ Affair?
Anti-feds. ; Why? John Adams ; Why?
XYZ AffairThe French, enraged by Jay’s Treaty, abuse the
US ambassador.Adams sends 3 men, including John Marshall, to
France.French officials demand $250,000 bribe before
letting the Americans see Tallyrand.Americans refuse, go home.America authorizes a navy and the marine
corps is created.Federalists call for all out war. Instead, for 2
years each nation captures the others ships at sea when they can.
THE ALIEN & SEDITION ACTSAfter XYZ Affair, Fed. - Republican rivalry gets worseWhy?
Feds. & Adams view Republicans as dangerous to nation’s welfare
Republicans view Feds. as too pro-BritishSo What?
1798: Feds. get Alien & Sedition Acts passed Did what?
Citizenship requirement raised: 5-14 years Pres. May jail or deport anyone considered “undesirable” Set fines & jail terms for people who publicly express opinions
considered harmful to the governmentEffect?
Feds. use law as a way of silencing their Republican rivals Republicans view theses laws as a violation of the 1st
Amendment Leads to the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
VRIGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONSAnti-feds. (Republicans) oppose the Alien
& Sedition ActsWhy?
Thought they were UnconstitutionalThought the Feds. were using these laws to
weaken the Anti-feds.Anti-feds. decide to use the state gov’ts. to
oppose the Alien & Sedition ActsWhose Idea?
Thomas JeffersonJames Madison
VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS (Cont’d.)Did What?
Madison: writes the Virginia Resolution Jefferson: writes the Kentucky Resolution
Combined by Anti-feds. to form one document: The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Describe: 1. Both states claim the right to declare the acts NULL & VOID because they claimed the acts violated the Bill of
Rights.2. Both states claimed the right to NULLIFY any federal law beyond the powers specifically granted by the Constitution to the federal government.
So What? Idea of “Nullification” (Define) is created.
6.2 OrganizerCause and Effect
French RevolutionPinckney’s TreatyBattle of Fallen
TimbersElection of 1796Jay’s TreatyXYZ AffairTensions b/w
Federalists & Republicans
Alien and Sedition Acts
Edmund Genet AffairExpansion WestJay’s TreatyRising SectionalismXYZ AffairTensions b/w
Federalists & Republicans
Alien and Sedition ActsVA & KY Resolutions