Chapter 6, Section 3Radical Days

World History Woodridge High School

September 20, 2013

Radicals Abolished the Monarchy

– French losing battles to Prussians, Parisians • Stormed kings’ castle • Murdered his guards

– “September Massacres”• Citizens attacked prisons• Killed nobles & priests

Radicals Abolished the Monarchy – French Republic

• Monarchy abolished in 1792• Republic declared• Radicals took control of

National Assembly; new law making body was National Convention

• Suffrage (right to vote) given to all males; did not have to own land

• Jacobins controlled Convention– Seized control of nobles’

land– Did away w/ titles

Execution of the Monarchy

Louis XVI – January 1793 Marie Antoinette – October 1793

Committee of Public Safety

• Formed to deal with threats to France,

• 12 members & almost absolute power

• Required all citizens to contribute to war effort

• Young officers developed new & better battle methods– Over-ran Netherlands– Invaded Italy– Crushed peasant revolt

Robespierre• Robespierre battled counter-

revolutionaries within French government– Believed in general will of the people– Promoted religious toleration– Wanted to abolish slavery– As head of Comm. of Public Safety (1793-

94) & leader of Reign of Terror

• Short, quick trials– 40,000 died, 15% middle class; 70%

peasants & sans culottes– Guillotine used & became symbol of

horror– Members of Leg. Convention turned on

Comm. of Public Safety

• July 1794, Robespierre was arrested & executed– As a result, executions slowed down

Reaction to the Terror• 3rd constitution in France since 1789 – Constitution of 1795

• Five-man Directory• Two-house legislature elected by male citizens with property• Dominant force

– Middle class– Professionals of bourgeoisie

• Peace with– Prussia– Spain

• War continued w/– Britain– Austria

• Election of 1797 supporters of constitutional monarchy won most of the seats in legislature

Women & Revolution • Impact Revolution had on

Women & daily life– Working class women

• Protested & fought in street battles• Led by Jeanne Roland

– Olympe de Gouges Declaration of Rights of Women• Demanded equal rights for women• Opposed “Terror” & accused

Jacobins

– Women gained some rights (lost when Napoleon came to power)• Divorce made easier• Allowed to inherit property

Citizens, Nationalism, and Social Reforms

– “Citizen”• Now people of all classes• Clothing became more practical (no

more powdered wigs or ruffled shirts)

– Nationalism (strong feeling of pride for one’s country)• Spread throughout France• Civic festivals w/ dances & songs• “La Marseillaise” became national

anthem

– Social Reforms• State schools• Helped poor, soldiers & war widows• Abolished slavery in Caribbean

colonies• Religious toleration

• Jacques Louis David – artist who painted historical events