Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2ALesson 2A

3-2-13-2-1In your notebook complete the following:In your notebook complete the following:

List 3 requirements Alabama had to meet to reenter the UnionList 3 requirements Alabama had to meet to reenter the Union

List 2 problems that freedmen were now experiencingList 2 problems that freedmen were now experiencing

List 1 word to describe the south during this time periodList 1 word to describe the south during this time period

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- Land Grant CollegesLesson 2 A- Land Grant Colleges

Morrill Land-Grant Act was passed Morrill Land-Grant Act was passed in 1862 to help support colleges in 1862 to help support colleges that would prepare young people that would prepare young people for practical careers like for practical careers like engineering, agriculture, and engineering, agriculture, and veterinary medicine.veterinary medicine.

The college at Auburn (AUBURN The college at Auburn (AUBURN UNIVERSITY)-named AlabamaUNIVERSITY)-named Alabama’’s s land grant college in 1872.land grant college in 1872.

1890- Agricultural and Mechanical 1890- Agricultural and Mechanical College at Huntsville was given College at Huntsville was given land grant fundsland grant funds

1899-Tuskegee Institute (Tuskegee 1899-Tuskegee Institute (Tuskegee University) received land grant University) received land grant statusstatus

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William Savery: Man of VisionLesson 2 A- William Savery: Man of Vision

William Savery taught himself to read and write William Savery taught himself to read and write will doing his work as a slave carpenterwill doing his work as a slave carpenter

After the war, he continued his interest in After the war, he continued his interest in education and began educating other former education and began educating other former slavesslaves

Attended a FreedmenAttended a Freedmen’’s Bureau convention in s Bureau convention in Mobile in 1865. He then decided to start a Mobile in 1865. He then decided to start a school in the home of David White.school in the home of David White.

They hired a young teacher and asked the They hired a young teacher and asked the FreedmenFreedmen’’s Bureau to get more teachers but s Bureau to get more teachers but he still wanted morehe still wanted more

With the help of General Wager Swayne and With the help of General Wager Swayne and the American Missionary Association, Savery the American Missionary Association, Savery bought an old white Baptist college (Oct. 1867)bought an old white Baptist college (Oct. 1867)

A month later-140 students enrolled in the new A month later-140 students enrolled in the new Talladega CollegeTalladega College

He continued to work closely with the college He continued to work closely with the college until his deathuntil his death

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- The End of ReconstructionLesson 2 A- The End of Reconstruction

Many white Alabamians, former Many white Alabamians, former confederates and members of the confederates and members of the Democratic Party, didnDemocratic Party, didn’’t agree with t agree with reconstructionreconstruction

They didnThey didn’’t believe that slaves should t believe that slaves should have rights that were now taken away have rights that were now taken away from their former masters, didnfrom their former masters, didn’’t like t like carpetbaggers holding high political carpetbaggers holding high political offices, and they wanted things to return offices, and they wanted things to return to the ways they were before the Civil to the ways they were before the Civil War.War.

Some disagreed peacefully but others Some disagreed peacefully but others turned to violence.turned to violence.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)-secret club that Ku Klux Klan (KKK)-secret club that terrorized blacks and white Republicans to terrorized blacks and white Republicans to keep them from voting. They wore white keep them from voting. They wore white robes, pointed hoods, masks, and rode robes, pointed hoods, masks, and rode around frightening, beating, and even around frightening, beating, and even killing these people.killing these people.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William Savery: The End of ReconstructionLesson 2 A- William Savery: The End of Reconstruction

Many Alabamians did not agree with the Many Alabamians did not agree with the ways of the KKK, it took an act of ways of the KKK, it took an act of Congress in 1870 and federal troops to Congress in 1870 and federal troops to stop the violence they caused.stop the violence they caused.

Klan activity decreased when Congress Klan activity decreased when Congress gave former Confederates the right to gave former Confederates the right to vote again.vote again.

1874-Democrats elected George Houston 1874-Democrats elected George Houston as governor.as governor.

Over the next 3 years Union troops left Over the next 3 years Union troops left the state, most carpetbaggers left, and the state, most carpetbaggers left, and scalawags had very little power.scalawags had very little power.

Conservative white Democrats were now Conservative white Democrats were now in control and Reconstruction was over.in control and Reconstruction was over.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William Savery: After ReconstructionLesson 2 A- William Savery: After Reconstruction

You may think things would have You may think things would have been different now that freedmen been different now that freedmen were allowed to vote, but white were allowed to vote, but white Democrats regained power because Democrats regained power because they could control the black vote.they could control the black vote.

The wealthy Democrats controlled The wealthy Democrats controlled the jobs of the freed slaves and the jobs of the freed slaves and white farmers because the freed white farmers because the freed slaves had no money to buy land slaves had no money to buy land and many of the white farmers had and many of the white farmers had lost their property. Those who owned lost their property. Those who owned large plantations needed help large plantations needed help working the land. Sharecropping working the land. Sharecropping then developed.then developed.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William Savery: After ReconstructionLesson 2 A- William Savery: After Reconstruction

Sharecropping-large landowners would give a Sharecropping-large landowners would give a sharecropper a place to live, seed, equipment, sharecropper a place to live, seed, equipment, and anything else needed to make a crop.and anything else needed to make a crop.

The share cropper would then plant, harvest, The share cropper would then plant, harvest, and sell his crop giving a portion of the profit to and sell his crop giving a portion of the profit to the landownerthe landowner

Tenant Farming was the same as Tenant Farming was the same as sharecropping except they usually owned their sharecropping except they usually owned their own livestock and equipmentown livestock and equipment

Children of a sharecropper helped with the Children of a sharecropper helped with the crops, tended the farm animals, worked in the crops, tended the farm animals, worked in the garden, and looked after siblings. They didngarden, and looked after siblings. They didn’’t t have time to go to school because their family have time to go to school because their family needed them to work on the farm.needed them to work on the farm.

Because the large land owners controlled the Because the large land owners controlled the lives of the sharecroppers and tenant farmers, lives of the sharecroppers and tenant farmers, they had a lot of political power because they they had a lot of political power because they could influence how they voted.could influence how they voted.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2A- Review QuestionsLesson 2A- Review Questions

1.1. What was the Ku Klux Klan?What was the Ku Klux Klan?

2.2. How did the Democrats gain How did the Democrats gain control of the Alabama control of the Alabama government?government?

3.3. What was life like for the child What was life like for the child of a sharecropper?of a sharecropper?

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2A- AnswersLesson 2A- Answers

1.1. The Ku Klux Klan was a secret club that The Ku Klux Klan was a secret club that terrorized blacks and white Republicans to terrorized blacks and white Republicans to keep them from voting.keep them from voting.

2.2. The Democrats gained control of the The Democrats gained control of the Alabama government when the Alabama government when the Confederates were given the right to vote, Confederates were given the right to vote, elected their candidate as governor, and elected their candidate as governor, and sent out Union troops.sent out Union troops.

3.3. Children of a sharecropper helped with the Children of a sharecropper helped with the crops, tended the farm animals, worked in crops, tended the farm animals, worked in the garden, and looked after siblings. They the garden, and looked after siblings. They didndidn’’t have time to go to school because t have time to go to school because their family needed them to work on the their family needed them to work on the farm.farm.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2ALesson 2A

If you were a freed slave or a poor white If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer in Alabama, what would you do or farmer in Alabama, what would you do or where would you go for help. Remember…where would you go for help. Remember…you and your family need things like food, you and your family need things like food, shelter, education, and a way to earn shelter, education, and a way to earn money. Explain your thinking.money. Explain your thinking.

Turn and TalkTurn and TalkBe ready to discuss your thoughts with the rest of the class.Be ready to discuss your thoughts with the rest of the class.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2ALesson 2A

If you were a freed slave or a poor white If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer in Alabama, what would you do or farmer in Alabama, what would you do or where would you go for help. Remember…where would you go for help. Remember…you and your family need things like food, you and your family need things like food, shelter, education, and a way to earn shelter, education, and a way to earn money. Explain your thinking.money. Explain your thinking.

Possible responses: FreedmanPossible responses: Freedman’’s Bureau, s Bureau, family members, sharecropping, tenant family members, sharecropping, tenant farmingfarming

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- Villages, Towns, and CitiesLesson 2 B- Villages, Towns, and Cities

Urban areas (city)-Men worked as Urban areas (city)-Men worked as store keepers, doctors, lawyers, and store keepers, doctors, lawyers, and teachers. teachers.

They had public and private They had public and private schools. There were school and they schools. There were school and they were in session longer because were in session longer because children didnchildren didn’’t have to work. If t have to work. If families living in the country had families living in the country had money, then they sent their money, then they sent their children to boarding schools.children to boarding schools.

Schools in town were better than Schools in town were better than those in rural areas (country).those in rural areas (country).

Schools were segregated-separate Schools were segregated-separate schools for white and black. Schools schools for white and black. Schools attended by black children didnattended by black children didn’’t t receive as much money.receive as much money.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- BirminghamLesson 2 B- Birmingham

Birmingham was known as Birmingham was known as a New South city of a New South city of industry.industry.

It was called It was called ““the Magic Citthe Magic Cityy ”” because it sprang because it sprang suddenly from an old suddenly from an old cornfield.cornfield.

The closest town was The closest town was Elyton and they didnElyton and they didn’’t want t want a railroad to come through a railroad to come through their town, so their town, so Birmingham Birmingham began as a railroad began as a railroad crossroads.crossroads.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- Industry and TransportationLesson 2 B- Industry and Transportation

Many Alabamians left the farms for Many Alabamians left the farms for towns and cities. Foreigners settled in towns and cities. Foreigners settled in the larger cities. Mobile and the larger cities. Mobile and Birmingham had many immigrants Birmingham had many immigrants living there.living there.

Before the Civil War, Birmingham had Before the Civil War, Birmingham had not existed. not existed. During Reconstruction, During Reconstruction, people became interested in all its people became interested in all its natural resources that were able to natural resources that were able to produce iron and steel (iron ore, produce iron and steel (iron ore, limestone, and coal).limestone, and coal).

Work in Birmingham was plentiful and Work in Birmingham was plentiful and people came from all over the South people came from all over the South as well as other countries to live as well as other countries to live there. Birmingham was on its way to there. Birmingham was on its way to becoming the largest and most becoming the largest and most diverse city in the state.diverse city in the state.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- RailroadsLesson 2 B- Railroads

Railroads were the main reason Railroads were the main reason towns and cities grew during the towns and cities grew during the years after the Reconstruction.years after the Reconstruction.

Railroads connected towns and Railroads connected towns and offered access to places outside the offered access to places outside the state.state.

Dothan, Monroeville, Anniston, and Dothan, Monroeville, Anniston, and Birmingham became major market Birmingham became major market centers because of the railroad.centers because of the railroad.

They also allowed Alabama cotton They also allowed Alabama cotton and iron to be shipped overland to and iron to be shipped overland to markets outside the state.markets outside the state.

Alabama goods could now compete Alabama goods could now compete on the world market, which offered on the world market, which offered more jobs and opportunities to more jobs and opportunities to Alabamians.Alabamians.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- Cotton Mill TownsLesson 2 B- Cotton Mill Towns

Cotton mills helped improve AlabamaCotton mills helped improve Alabama’’s s economy. They were built close to where economy. They were built close to where the cotton was grown.the cotton was grown.

AlabamaAlabama’’s thread and cloth could be more s thread and cloth could be more cheaply produced in the state than in New cheaply produced in the state than in New England or Europe because mills were built England or Europe because mills were built close to where cotton was grown and wages close to where cotton was grown and wages were low.were low.

These industries were usually located along These industries were usually located along a fall line, where waterpower was available.a fall line, where waterpower was available.

Life for cotton mill families were a lot like Life for cotton mill families were a lot like the lives of sharecroppers. Everyone the lives of sharecroppers. Everyone worked…even children. The owner of the worked…even children. The owner of the mill provided housing and credit so workers mill provided housing and credit so workers could buy food, clothing, and other goods. could buy food, clothing, and other goods. Many owners built schools, churches, Many owners built schools, churches, company stores, recreational halls, and company stores, recreational halls, and medical clinics.medical clinics.

Many Alabamians wanted to live in cotton Many Alabamians wanted to live in cotton mill townsmill towns

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2B- Review QuestionsLesson 2B- Review Questions

1.1. Name 3 kinds of schools Name 3 kinds of schools common in Alabama after common in Alabama after Reconstruction.Reconstruction.

2.2. What was the main reason What was the main reason for the growth of many for the growth of many Alabama cities after the Alabama cities after the Civil War?Civil War?

3.3. Where were most cotton Where were most cotton mills located?mills located?

Chapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaChapter 6:Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2B- Review QuestionsLesson 2B- Review Questions

1.1. 3 kinds of schools common in 3 kinds of schools common in Alabama after Reconstruction Alabama after Reconstruction were public, private, and were public, private, and boarding schools.boarding schools.

2.2. Railroads were the main Railroads were the main reason for the growth of many reason for the growth of many Alabama cities after the Civil Alabama cities after the Civil War.War.

3.3. Most cotton mills were located Most cotton mills were located along a fall line where cotton along a fall line where cotton was grown.was grown.