Chapter 7Chapter 7American Revolution 1774-American Revolution 1774-

17831783

Section 1: Revolution Section 1: Revolution BeginsBegins

First Continental First Continental Congress-Congress- Met in PhiladelphiaMet in PhiladelphiaGeorgiaGeorgia was the only one was the only one who did not send a who did not send a Representative.Representative.Meet to decide how to Meet to decide how to deal with the crisis in deal with the crisis in BostonBostonSome thought to make Some thought to make peace, but some thought peace, but some thought to fight. to fight.

Shot heard around the Shot heard around the WorldWorld

MinutemenMinutemen- local - local militia who ready to militia who ready to fight on a minute. fight on a minute.

Thomas Gage-Thomas Gage- British British general who decided to general who decided to take away the take away the minutemen’s weapons minutemen’s weapons and ammunition. and ammunition.

Paul Revere- warned Paul Revere- warned the minutemen that the the minutemen that the British were coming. British were coming.

Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord British soldiers marched British soldiers marched

to Concord to confiscate to Concord to confiscate the minutemen’s the minutemen’s ammunition. ammunition.

LexingtonLexington- Village - Village where the shot heard where the shot heard around the world took around the world took place. First battle of the place. First battle of the Revolution. Revolution.

ConcordConcord- British soldiers - British soldiers took the ammunition. took the ammunition.

Red coats-Red coats- nickname of nickname of the British soldiers. the British soldiers.

Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress

Met in Philadelphia to Met in Philadelphia to decide how to react to decide how to react to the fighting. the fighting.

Continental Army-Continental Army- created to defend the created to defend the colonies. colonies.

George Washington-George Washington- commanded the commanded the Continental Army. Continental Army.

Olive Branch Olive Branch Petition-Petition- was the was the peace petition that was peace petition that was rejected by King rejected by King George III. George III.

Early BattlesEarly Battles Battle of Bunker Battle of Bunker

Hill and Breeds Hill and Breeds HillHill

Minutemen held Minutemen held their positions their positions but had to but had to retreat. retreat.

400 American 400 American casualties and casualties and British had 1,000 British had 1,000 casualties. casualties.

Declaring IndependenceDeclaring Independence

Thomas Paines Thomas Paines Common Sense- Common Sense- document that document that made independence made independence popular. popular.

Urged for the Urged for the colonies to break colonies to break away from Britain. away from Britain.

People should make People should make the laws not Kings the laws not Kings and Queens. and Queens.

Declaring IndependenceDeclaring Independence Declaration of Declaration of

Independence- Written Independence- Written by Thomas Jefferson. by Thomas Jefferson.

3 main ideas3 main ideas 1. Men possess 1. Men possess

unalienable rights of life, unalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of liberty, and pursuit of happiness. (John Locke)happiness. (John Locke)

2. King George III violated 2. King George III violated colonist rights. colonist rights.

3. Colonists had the right 3. Colonists had the right to break away due to to break away due to John Locke’s theory of John Locke’s theory of social contract theory. social contract theory.

Choosing SidesChoosing Sides

Patriots- Chose to fight for Patriots- Chose to fight for independence.independence.

Loyalist or Tories- remained loyal to Loyalist or Tories- remained loyal to Britain.Britain.

Some Loyalist were abused by Some Loyalist were abused by Patriots Patriots

Reactions to the DeclarationReactions to the Declaration

Abigail Adams- Abigail Adams- wife of John wife of John Adams was Adams was worried about worried about women rights. women rights.

Declaration did Declaration did not recognized not recognized rights of women rights of women and enslaved and enslaved African African Americans. Americans.

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

11stst part address’s Natural Rights part address’s Natural Rights 22ndnd part address’s complaints against part address’s complaints against

the King. the King.

Section 2: Dark Hours of the Section 2: Dark Hours of the RevolutionRevolution

What were the What were the patriot’s patriot’s advantages and advantages and disadvantages at disadvantages at the beginning of the beginning of the Revolutionary the Revolutionary war. war.

How did different How did different groups contribute groups contribute to the war effort. to the war effort.

What problems did What problems did the Patriots face in the Patriots face in Canada and New Canada and New York?York?

Comparing Strength and Comparing Strength and WeaknessWeakness

British AdvantagesBritish AdvantagesMore money and More money and resourcesresourcesPowerful military and Powerful military and largest navylargest navyWell Trained troopsWell Trained troops

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesdeal with hostile citizensdeal with hostile citizensSupplies shipped across Supplies shipped across Atlantic OceanAtlantic OceanArmy was made up of Army was made up of mercenariesmercenaries

Patriots Patriots AdvantagesAdvantagesSupport of the Support of the colonistcolonistfighting on homelandfighting on homelandfighting for beliefsfighting for beliefs

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesWeak navyWeak navyPoorly trained troopsPoorly trained troopsLack of suppliesLack of supplies

Call to ArmsCall to Arms

230,000 joined the 230,000 joined the Continental ArmyContinental Army

145,000 joined local 145,000 joined local militiasmilitias

Lord Dunmore’s Lord Dunmore’s ProclamationProclamation

Promised freedom to Promised freedom to any slave who fought any slave who fought for the British. for the British.

Other Sources of HelpOther Sources of Help Thayendanega- Thayendanega-

A.K.A.- Joseph Brant-A.K.A.- Joseph Brant- A Mohawk leader that A Mohawk leader that

was one of Great was one of Great Britain’s key allies. Britain’s key allies.

Molly Pitcher- Mary Molly Pitcher- Mary Ludwig Hays- earned Ludwig Hays- earned her nickname bringing her nickname bringing thirsty troops water. thirsty troops water.

Loaded cannons after Loaded cannons after her husband was her husband was killed in battle. killed in battle.

British VictoryBritish Victory

General William Howe- captured New General William Howe- captured New York. York.

Section 4: Victory in New Section 4: Victory in New JerseyJersey

Thomas Paines Thomas Paines “Crisis”-“Crisis”- These are the times that These are the times that tries men souls.tries men souls.

Battle of Trenton-Battle of Trenton- Washington Crossed the Washington Crossed the

Delaware river on Delaware river on Christmas day. Christmas day.

Patriots captured 900 Patriots captured 900 Hessians.Hessians.

Battle of Princeton-Battle of Princeton- surprised the British.surprised the British.

Turning point of SaratogaTurning point of Saratoga General John General John

Burgoyne- retook the Burgoyne- retook the Fort Ticonderoga.Fort Ticonderoga.

Battle of Brandywine Battle of Brandywine Creek- Howe’s troops Creek- Howe’s troops defeated Washington, defeated Washington, but allowed Patriots to but allowed Patriots to escape. escape.

Burgoyne was left Burgoyne was left outnumbered near outnumbered near AlbanyAlbany

Battle of Saratoga- Battle of Saratoga- General Horatio Gates General Horatio Gates drove back the British. drove back the British.

Foreign AlliesForeign Allies Spain and France secretly Spain and France secretly

aided the Americans. aided the Americans. Bernardo de Galvez- Bernardo de Galvez-

governor of Louisiana was governor of Louisiana was a key alley for America.a key alley for America.

Marquis de Lafayette- Marquis de Lafayette- Wealthy Frenchman who Wealthy Frenchman who fought in the revolution fought in the revolution and donated 200,000 and donated 200,000 dollars to the war effort. dollars to the war effort.

Winter at Valley ForgeWinter at Valley Forge

Washington’s troops Washington’s troops suffered bitter cold, suffered bitter cold, shortages of food, and shortages of food, and clothing. clothing.

Friedrich von Steuben-Friedrich von Steuben- with a combination of with a combination of respect and fear, he respect and fear, he turned the Continental turned the Continental Army into a well trained Army into a well trained group of soldiers. group of soldiers.

War at seaWar at sea

John Paul Jones- Most successful John Paul Jones- Most successful American captain. American captain.

American navy used smaller ships American navy used smaller ships and fought smaller battles. and fought smaller battles.

War in the WestWar in the West

George Rogers Clark- captured George Rogers Clark- captured British trading village along the British trading village along the Mississippi River. Mississippi River.

Battle of Vincennes-Battle of Vincennes- Help to weaken British army in the Help to weaken British army in the

West. West.

War in the SouthWar in the South

Savannah and Charleston fell to the Savannah and Charleston fell to the BritishBritish

Guerilla Warfare-Guerilla Warfare- swift and hit and swift and hit and run attacks. run attacks.

Francis Marion - (Francis Marion - (Swamp FoxSwamp Fox) used ) used surprised attacks to destroy British surprised attacks to destroy British communications and supply lines. communications and supply lines.

Victory at YorktownVictory at Yorktown

Benedict Arnold- betrayed the patriots Benedict Arnold- betrayed the patriots and turned to the British. and turned to the British.

General Cornwallis- British general General Cornwallis- British general sought to end the war by taking sought to end the war by taking Yorktown, Virginia. Yorktown, Virginia.

Washington and Comte Rochamberge- Washington and Comte Rochamberge- surrounded Cornwallis troops. surrounded Cornwallis troops.

Battle of Yorktown-Battle of Yorktown- Cornwallis Cornwallis surrendered to Washington.surrendered to Washington.

Treaty of Paris of 1783Treaty of Paris of 1783

British recognized the independence British recognized the independence of United States. of United States.

Set new bordersSet new borders Great Lakes bounded the North and Great Lakes bounded the North and

the Mississippi River served as the the Mississippi River served as the western border. western border.