Chapter 7: Digital Images Section III: Using Visual Learning Tools to Enhance Learning

Chapter 7: Digital ImagesSection III: Using Visual Learning Tools to Enhance Learning

Section III: Using Visual Learning Tools to Enhance Learning | Chapter 7: Digital Images

Frameworks: What we know. . .

Do digital images enhance learning?

– If they are related to the text

– Assists the learner to understand the purpose

– Have a function such as illustrate or emphasize a particular point

– Greatly enhances learning for students with special needs



Do digital images have learning functions?

– Decoration

– Representation

– Organization

– Interpretation

– Transformation



What function do images used for decoration serve?

– Breaks up the text to make it more appealing to the reader.

– Example:



What function do images used for representation serve?

– Assist reader’s understanding of complex or unfamiliar concepts.

– Earth’s Core:

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.



What function do images used for organizational images serve?

– Organizational images relate step-by-step processes and how-to explanations to the reader.

– Example: Step-by-step instructions for tying a Windsor knot.



What function do images used for interpretational serve?

– Provide the reader with assistance in understanding or interpreting abstract or difficult information

– Carbon cycle

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.



What function do images used for transformation serve?

– Images used for transformation aid the reader in transforming the text information by viewing pictures using application of mnemonic (memory enhancing) pictures.

– Trichina is a roundworm

found in uncooked

pork. QuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.


Basics: Digital Images

What are pixels? (short for picture elements)

– Tiny squares that make up a digital image.

– A tonal value (black, white, shades of gray or color.

– A photo is similar to a mosaic with each tile being a pixel.


Basics: Obtaining Digital Images

What can I obtain digital images?

– Digital cameras

– Scanners

– CD/DVD collections

– Web collections

– Screenshots


Basics: Digital Image Resolution

What is resolution and why do I care?

– Image created from the number of pixels or dots used. Relates to the sharpness of the image.

– Resolution is defined for

• computer monitors

• digital cameras

• printers

– Needs vary for electronic files VS. print files.


Basics: More Digital Image ResolutionConsider how the image will be ultimately used.

– Electronic?

• Measured in pixels per inch (ppi)

• Output on the computer

• Does not need to be high resolution - 72-96 ppi

• High resolution photos will appear very large on the computer screen

– Print?

• Measured in dots per inch (dpi)

• Needs to be high resolution -

• At least 300 dpi

• Larger file sizes take up more memory.


Basics: Digital Camera

Are there basic parts to a camera that are fundamental to using it effectively?

– Power on/off button

– Camera modes

– Optical viewfinder

– LCD screen

– Camera lens

– Shutter

– Flash

– Memory sources

– Power sources


Basics: Digital Camera Modes

Are there different camera modes to use?

– Record Mode

• Take photos

• Access menu to select settings (resolution)

• Make adjustments (flash and zoom)

– Playback mode

• Works with LCD viewer

• View images

• Erase unwanted images

– May have video mode

• Record brief video (determined by storage capacity


Basics: Viewfinder or LCD?

Does it matter whether I use the viewfinder or LCD?

– Optical viewfinder

• Small window located on the back of the camera

• Uses no power

• Not part of the lens so not accurate

– LCD screen

• Small screen located at the back of the camera

• Used for previewing

• More accurate than viewfinder

• Drains battery power quickly


Basics: Camera Lenses

Are all camera lenses the same?

– Camera lenses

• Made of plastic or glass

• Differ in quality and ability to takes photos at distances

• Fixed focus: cannot vary focal length

– Digital zoom

– Optical zoom


Basics: Shutter and Flash

What is the function of the shutter and flash?

– Shutter (inside lens)

• Lets light into lens when pressed

• Shutter lab

– Causes blurry photos

– Flash

• Control on light shown on the photo

• Avoid red eye by NOT shooting in low light


Basics: Memory Sources

Are there different types of memory for a camera?

– Fixed memory

• Limited amount of “onboard” memory

– Removable memory

• Offers more space

• Can be erased and reused

• Easy transfer from camera to computer

• Types

– Compact flash(CF), Secure Digital (SD)

– Memory Sticks (Sony)


Basics: Connectivity

How do I connect the camera to the computer?

– USB or Firewire cable/port

– Card reader

– Dock

– Wireless connection


Basics: Scanners

Are all scanners the same?– Models

• Flatbed• Sheet-fed• Film

– Scanner software is needed• Special software for scanning text - OCR

– Connectivity• USB

– Resolution• Set the resolution for the destination of the file

(print or electronic)


Basics: CD and Web Collections

How do I get an image from a CD collection or Web Collection?– CD collection

• Big Box of Art• Export file to flash drive

– Web collection• Many free sites (see On the Web)• Google images: what about copyright?• Save the file to the flash drive

– Resolution• Will be set at electronic resolution unless noted


Basics: Saving Digital Files

Are there file types to use when working with digital still images?

– JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group• Support full color

• Used for photos (digital cameras)

• Lossy compression

• Used for web

– GIF: Graphics Interchange Format• Supports 256 distinct colors

• Small files

• Lossless compression

• Used for web


Basics: More File Types – PNG: Portable Network Graphics

• Support full color

• Small files

• Lossless compression

• Used for web

• Not recognized by older browsers

– TIFF: Tagged Image File Format

• Supports full color

• Very large files

• Used for print-based

• Used for web


Basics: More About Graphics

Can I resize all images and retain the sharpness of the image?– Raster (bit-mapped)

– Created with cameras, scanners, camcorders and screen captures

– Consists of pixels.– Can be made smaller but not larger without

distortion

– Vector (objects-based)– Developed in drawing programs– Created by set of mathematical instructions

that identify shapes, curves and lines. – Can be stretched without distortion.


Basics: More About Graphics

Can I reduce the size of images?

– High quality graphics are very large files and therefore hard to store, email, or view on the web.

– Compression

• Reducing the size of the file

• Too much compression affects image quality

– Lossless and Lossy Compression

• Lossless: no data is lost during compression. GIF

• Lossy: data is lost each time the image is compressed. JPEG


Basics: Legal and Ethical Use

Are there legal and ethical considerations for use of digital images?

– Copyright Law

• Addresses the legal and ethical use of images by others

– Fairuse

• Places stipulations on use so that permission is not required

– May use in a face-to-face environment for education


Basics: Legal and Ethical Use

What is the legal and ethical use of

– Illustrations and photographs

• Photo: May use a complete photo from a photographer but not more than 5 from a particular photographer

• Collection: May use 15 photos for 10% whichever is smallest

• Take your own photos: none of children without parent permission

– Resources from the Web

• Can be downloaded and used for in-class projects but not republished on the web


Voices in the Classroom

Using Digital Images in Early LearningVicki Wells1st grade teacherDogwood Elementary in Tennessee

In this Voice, Vickie Wells, inner-city teacher, discusses how she uses digital cameras with her 1st grade students. Making books to record classroom activities, finding shapes at the school and identifying the helpers at the school are ways that she integrates digital cameras into language arts, math and social studies.


For more information

Go to the textbook companion website:

http://www.pearsonhighered.com/obannon2e

Or http://web.utk.edu/~bobannon/preparing

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Chapter 7: Digital Images Section III: Using Visual Learning Tools to Enhance Learning