Chapter 7 - DrugsChapter 7 - Drugs

Drugs and Drugs and CrimeCrime

• Drug – natural or Drug – natural or synthetic, affects synthetic, affects humans humans psychologically or psychologically or physiologicallyphysiologically

• When taken for When taken for pleasure, they are pleasure, they are known as “drugs of known as “drugs of abuse” or “illicit abuse” or “illicit drugs”drugs”

Controlled Controlled Substances ActSubstances Act

• All drugs covered by All drugs covered by law are “controlled”law are “controlled”

The Problem The Problem with Drugswith Drugs

• DependencyDependency• TheftTheft• ViolenceViolence• RobberiesRobberies• Domestic disputesDomestic disputes• Health problemsHealth problems• Loss of productivityLoss of productivity

Interesting Interesting FactsFacts

• Drug use costs society Drug use costs society about $110 billion a yearabout $110 billion a year

• 75% male adults arrested 75% male adults arrested in NY City for violent in NY City for violent crimes tested positive for crimes tested positive for drugsdrugs

• 64% in Albuquerque and 64% in Albuquerque and Fort LauderdaleFort Lauderdale

• ¼ to ½ of all domestic ¼ to ½ of all domestic violence is drug relatedviolence is drug related

• 81% of child neglect cases 81% of child neglect cases were associated with were associated with drugsdrugs

• 3.2 % (80,000) of pregnant 3.2 % (80,000) of pregnant women are drug userswomen are drug users

Drugs in the Drugs in the Crime LabCrime Lab

• 75% of evidence 75% of evidence examined is drug examined is drug relatedrelated

• Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical companies send companies send samples to the FBI samples to the FBI for each new drugfor each new drug

5 Categories of 5 Categories of Controlled Controlled DrugsDrugs

• Schedule ISchedule I– No accepted medical No accepted medical

use and high abuse use and high abuse potentialpotential

– Hashish, marijuana, Hashish, marijuana, GHB, peyoteGHB, peyote

• Schedule II Schedule II – High abuse potential High abuse potential

with severe psychic or with severe psychic or physical dependence physical dependence liabilityliability

– Narcotic, stimulant, Narcotic, stimulant, depressantsdepressants

– Scripts typewritten or in Scripts typewritten or in ink, no renewalsink, no renewals

– PCP (can be used to PCP (can be used to reduce blood pressure)reduce blood pressure)

5 Categories of 5 Categories of DrugsDrugs

• Schedule IIISchedule III– Less abuse potential, Less abuse potential,

narcotic and non-narcoticnarcotic and non-narcotic– Scripts may be oral or Scripts may be oral or

writtenwritten– Up to 5 renewals per 6 Up to 5 renewals per 6

monthsmonths– Anabolic steroidsAnabolic steroids

• Schedule IVSchedule IV– Less abuse potentialLess abuse potential– Scripts may be oral or Scripts may be oral or

written, up to 5 renewals written, up to 5 renewals per 6 monthsper 6 months

– RohypnolRohypnol• Schedule VSchedule V

– Less abuse potentialLess abuse potential– Scripts may not be requiredScripts may not be required– Antidiarrheals Antidiarrheals

Classification of Classification of Illicit DrugsIllicit Drugs

• HallucinogensHallucinogens– Most widely used is Most widely used is

marijuanamarijuana• ““hash oil” can have 50% hash oil” can have 50%

of the active ingredientof the active ingredient• Slows reactions, impairs Slows reactions, impairs

coordination, reduces coordination, reduces the ability to concentratethe ability to concentrate

– LSD (ergot alkaloids) LSD (ergot alkaloids) visual and auditory visual and auditory hallucinationshallucinations• Blotter acid, microdots, Blotter acid, microdots,

window paneswindow panes• TeratogenTeratogen• Causes psychosis and Causes psychosis and

flashbacksflashbacks

– PCPPCP• Insensitivity to pain, Insensitivity to pain,

feelings of superstrength, feelings of superstrength, rage, memory loss, rage, memory loss, paranoiaparanoia

• Often mixed with Often mixed with marijuana or LSD (angel marijuana or LSD (angel dust)dust)

– MDMAMDMA• EcstasyEcstasy• Stimulates and causes Stimulates and causes

hallucinationshallucinations• Confusion, depression, Confusion, depression,

paranoia, anxietyparanoia, anxiety

– Ketamine (special K)Ketamine (special K)• Animal tranquilizerAnimal tranquilizer• RavesRaves• Delirium, amnesiaDelirium, amnesia

• StimulantsStimulants– Increases energy and Increases energy and

suppresses appetitesuppresses appetite– Restlessness and anxiety Restlessness and anxiety

then depressionthen depression– Caffeine to Caffeine to

methamphetamines and methamphetamines and cocainecocaine

• NarcoticsNarcotics– AnalgesicsAnalgesics– Opium, morphine, Opium, morphine,

codeine, Tylenol, codeine, Tylenol, fentanyl (China White), fentanyl (China White), MethadoneMethadone

• DepressantsDepressants– Ethyl alcoholEthyl alcohol– Barbiturates Barbiturates

(Nembutal), Valium(Nembutal), Valium– Highly addictiveHighly addictive

Physicians Desk Physicians Desk Reference (PDR)Reference (PDR)

• Illustrated dictionary of Illustrated dictionary of medicines and drugsmedicines and drugs

• Updated each yearUpdated each year

Tests Tests • Gas, paper, and thin-Gas, paper, and thin-layer layer chromatography chromatography (TLC)(TLC)

• UV and infrared UV and infrared spectrophotometryspectrophotometry

• Mass spectrometryMass spectrometry• Spot testsSpot tests• Qualitative analysisQualitative analysis

Spot Tests Spot Tests • May get false May get false positivespositives

• Gives a certain color Gives a certain color if a drug is presentif a drug is present

• Must use another Must use another test to confirmtest to confirm

Presumptive Presumptive TestTest

• Duquenois-Levine Duquenois-Levine testtest– Turns purple when Turns purple when

marijuana is presentmarijuana is present– Presumptive test Presumptive test

(spot test)(spot test)

Confirmatory Confirmatory TestTest

• Infrared Infrared spectroscopy or spectroscopy or mass spectrometrymass spectrometry

Cocaine IR SpecCocaine IR Spec

Aspirin IR SpecAspirin IR Spec

Now, look on pg. 155 and Now, look on pg. 155 and answer question on p. 156answer question on p. 156