CHAPTER 7Motivating YourselfAnd Others

“Dependent people need others to get what they want. Independent people can get what they want through their own efforts. Interdependent people combine their own efforts with

the efforts of others to achieve their greatest success.”

-Stephen Covey, Author, The 7 Habits of Effective People

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• Each person is motivated by different needs, at varying degrees, at different times

• Motives account for the initiation, direction, intensity, & persistence of behavior

• Possible motives are endless:– Emotional– Social– Biological

The Complex Nature of Motivation

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Internal Motivation

• Comes when work is meaningful or gives sense of purpose

• Examples?

Motivation is Two-Dimensional

External Motivation

• An action taken by another person to stimulate a response

• Examples?

Which motivation is more powerful? Why?

Most people need both:

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Motivation Satisfies Basic Desires

Figure 7.1: The 16 Basic Desires in the

Reiss Profile (In no particular order)

•Which 5-6 motives (core values) are most important to you?

•How do they explain your pattern of choices?

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• Individualistic

• Changing

• May be Unconscious

• Often Inferred

• Hierarchical

Characteristics of Motives

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Influential Motivational Theories

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Maslow’s Hierarchy at Work

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Herzberg’s Motivation-Maintenance Theory

Influential Motivational Theories

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Influential Motivational Theories

What do the critics have to say

about Maslow’s Theory? What

about Herzberg’s Theory?

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The Expectancy Theory• Self-fulfilling prophecy reflects a

connection between your expectations of yourself and your achievement

To what part of the self-esteem formula does this theory relate?

• Motivation is tied to whether one believes success is possible

Influential Motivational Theories

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Influential Motivational Theories

How does this theory relate to the Expectancy Theory?

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Goal-Setting Theory

Influential Motivational Theories

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Motivation Through Job Design

• Job rotation allows employees to move through a variety of jobs over time

• Job enrichment is an attempt to make a job more desirable and satisfying

• Job enlargement involves expanding an employee’s duties or responsibilities

What are examples of each design?

Contemporary Employee Motivation Strategies

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Motivation Through Incentives

• Intrapreneurship: Encourages workers and rewards them for developing new ideas

Contemporary Employee Motivation Strategies

What/why might organizations use

incentives?

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Motivation Through Learning Opportunities

• Education and training are critical to individual growth and opportunity

• Learning can help secure the future

• …So why aren’t all students motivated?

Contemporary Employee Motivation Strategies

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Motivation Through Empowerment

• Empowerment: sharing information, authority & responsibility to all ranks of an organization

• Can give employees a sense of pride, self-expression, and ownership

• Assumes employees want challenge and personal meaning from jobs

Contemporary Employee Motivation Strategies

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Motivation Through Others’ Expectations

• High expectations from others leads to high performance

• Supervisors can communicate high and low expectations

Contemporary Employee Motivation Strategies

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Motivating The Generations

Source: Adapted from Peggy Blake Gleeson, “Managing and Motivating the Generations: Implications for the Student and the Employee.” [cited on 28 December 2005]. Available from www.uwsp.edu/education/facets/links_resource/4413.pdf; INTERNET: “Motivating Generation Y,” Management Issues News. [cited on 28 December 2005]. Available from www.management-issues.com; INTERNET.

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Nurture a Gritty Nature

What are the characteristics of a gritty person?

• Go outside your comfort zone

• Strive for balance

• Take action

Do you have a story that demonstrates true grit?

Self-Motivation Strategies

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