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Chapter 7
Naturalistic Methods - Stangor
Naturalistic Research
• Designed to describe and measure the behavior of people or animals as it occurs in their everyday lives.
• Recorded as it occurs• Recorded by others• Recorded by video
Ecological Validity
• An advantage of naturalistic research is that it has ecological validity.
• Ecological validity refers to the extent to which the research is conducted in situations that are similar to the everyday life experiences of the participants
Observational Research
• Observational research involves making observations of behavior and recording those observations in an objective manner
Unacknowledged Participant
• When an observer infiltrates an environment, without letting the people who will be observed know, that they are being observed.
• Ethics problems• May become too personal for observer• Observer may influence the processes that are
observed
Acknowledged Participant
• When an observer enters an environment and lets the people who will be observed know that they are being observed.
• Reactivity• Reactivity may decrease over time if the
observer is eventually accepted by the community being observed
Alternatives to Acknowledged and Unacknowledged
• Use of one-way glass
• Recording activities without interaction
Case Studies
• Descriptive records of one or more individuals’ experiences and/or behavior.
• Qualitative
• Jean Piaget, Sigmund Freud
Systematic Coding MethodsDeciding What We Observe
• Systematic Observation - involves specifying ahead of time exactly which observations are to be made on which people and in which times and places.
• These decisions are made on the basis of theoretical expectation about the types of events that are going to be of interest.
Archival Research
• Archival Research – based on an analysis of any type of existing records of public behavior.
• Newspaper Articles• Speeches• Letters of Public Figures• TV & Radio Broadcasts• Internet Websites• Existing Surveys